Research Article |
Corresponding author: Zhao-Qing Zeng ( zengzq@im.ac.cn ) Corresponding author: Wen-Ying Zhuang ( zhuangwy@im.ac.cn ) Academic editor: George Mugambi
© 2018 Zhao-Qing Zeng, Wen-Ying Zhuang.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Zeng Z-Q, Zhuang W-Y (2018) Two new species of Geejayessia (Hypocreales) from Asia as evidenced by morphology and multi-gene analyses. MycoKeys 42: 7-19. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.42.27664
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Two new species of Geejayessia are introduced, based on materials collected from central China. Geejayessia clavata sp. nov. is characterised by gregarious, red brownish to dark red, oval-subglobose to globose perithecia that are formed on a basal stroma; (4–7-)8-spored cylindrical asci; ellipsoidal or rarely broadly ellipsoidal, uniseptate, smooth or finely verruculose ascospores; clavate, aseptate microconidia and absence of macroconidia. Geejayessia sinica sp. nov. is characterised by red to bright red, pyriform, subglobose to globose, perithecia on a basal stroma, collapsing laterally when dry; subcylindrical to clavate asci with a rounded apex; ellipsoidal, uniseptate ascospores; and falcate, multiseptate macroconidia with an arcuate tip. Morphological distinctions of the new species from the related fungi are discussed. This is the first report of Geejayessia from Asia.
Cosmospora-like fungi, Nectriaceae , Systematic, Taxonomy
Some fusarium-like species having gregarious, multicoloured, broadly ampulliform short-necked or broadly ellipsoidal perithecia were previously placed in Cosmospora Rabenh. and Nectria (Fr.) Fr. (
In our examinations of nectriaceous collections from central China, two cosmospora-like fungi were encountered. Judging by perithecial gross morphology, anatomic structures and culture characteristics, they represented two previously undescribed species of Geejayessia. Their taxonomic placements were confirmed by multigene phylogenetic analyses. Distinctions between the new species and their closely related fungi are discussed.
Specimens were collected from Shennongjia National Nature Reserve and Longyuwan National Forest Park and were deposited in the Herbarium Mycologicum Academiae Sinicae (HMAS). Methods used by
The genomic DNA was extracted from fresh mycelium following the methods of
Newly generated sequences and those retrieved from GenBank are listed in Table
List of species, herbarium/strain numbers and GenBank accession numbers of materials used in this study.
Species | Herbarium/strain numbers | GenBank accession numbers | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
acl1 | ITS | rpb2 | ||
Albonectria albosuccinea (Pat.) Rossman & Samuels | BBA 64502 | HQ897837 | HQ897788 | HQ897699 |
A. rigidiuscula (Berk. & Broome) Rossman & Samuels | CBS 122570 | HQ897896 | HQ897815 | HQ897760 |
Cyanonectria buxi (Fuckel) Schroers, Gräfenhan & Seifert | CBS 125554 | HM626629 | HM626660 | HM626688 |
C. cyanostoma (Sacc. & Flageolet) Samuels & P. Chaverri | CBS 101734 | HQ897895 | FJ474076 | HQ897759 |
Dialonectria episphaeria (Tode) Cooke | CBS 125494 | HQ897892 | HQ897811 | HQ897756 |
D. ullevolea Seifert & Gräfenhan | CBS 125493 | HQ897918 | KM231821 | HQ897782 |
Fusarium sambucinum Fuckel | CBS 14695 | KM231015 | KM231813 | KM232381 |
F. sublunatum Reinking | BBA 62431 | HM897916 | HQ897830 | HQ897780 |
Fusicolla acetilerea (Tubaki, C. Booth & T. Harada) Gräfenhan & Seifert | BBA 63789 | HQ897839 | HQ897790 | HQ897701 |
F. matuoi (Hosoya & Tubaki) Gräfenhan & Seifert | CBS 58178 | HQ897858 | KM231822 | HQ897720 |
Geejayessia atrofusca (Schwein.) Schroers & Gräfenhan | CBS 125505 | HM626628 | HM626659 | HM626682 |
G. celtidicola Gräfenhan & Schroers | CBS 125502 | HM626625 | HM626657 | HM626685 |
G. cicatricum (Berk.) Schroers | CBS 125552 | HQ728171 | HQ728145 | HQ728153 |
G. desmazieri (De Not. & Becc.) Schroers | CBS 125507 | HM626633 | HM626651 | HM626675 |
G. clavata Z.Q. Zeng & W.Y. Zhuang | HMAS 248725 | KY873305 a | KY873307 | KY873309 |
G. sinica Z.Q. Zeng & W.Y. Zhuang | HMA S248726 | KY873306 | KY873308 | KY873310 |
G. zealandica (Cooke) Schroers | CBS 11193 | HM626626 | HM626658 | HM626684 |
Macroconia leptosphaeriae (Niessl) Gräfenhan & Schroers | CBS 100001 | HQ897891 | HQ897810 | HQ897755 |
M. papilionacearum (Seaver) Gräfenhan & Seifert | CBS 125495 | HQ897912 | HQ897826 | HQ897776 |
Microcera coccophila Desm. | CBS 31034 | HQ897843 | HQ897794 | HQ897705 |
M. diploa (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Gräfenhan & Seifert | BBA 62173 | HQ897899 | HQ897817 | HQ897763 |
Nalanthamala psidii (Sawada & Kuros.) Schroers & M.J. Wingf. | CBS 116952 | KM231073 | AY864836 | KM232401 |
Neocosmospora ramosa (Bat. & H. Maia) L. Lombard & Crous | CBS 50963 | KM231004 | KM231802 | KM232369 |
N. vasinfecta E.F. Sm. | CBS 32554 | KM231005 | KM231803 | KM232370 |
Stylonectria applanata Höhn. | CBS 125489 | HQ897875 | HQ897805 | HQ897739 |
S. purtonii (Grev.) Gräfenhan | DAOM 235818 | HQ897919 | HQ897831 | HQ897783 |
Thyronectria concentrica (Mont. & Fr.) Voglmayr & Jaklitsch | CBS 47469 | KM231080 | KM231835 | KM232408 |
The ACL1, ITS and RPB2 sequences of 25 taxa belonging to 10 genera having fusarium-like asexual states were analysed through the methods of BI and MP. The PHT (P = 0.01) indicated that the individual partitions were not highly incongruent (
CHINA, Henan Province, Longyuwan, 33°40'45"N, 111°46'26"E, alt. 1500 m, on bark of Buxus sp., 17 September 2013, H.D. Zheng, Z.Q. Zeng & Z.X. Zhu 8728 (holotype: HMAS 275654), dried ex-type culture HMAS 248725.
The specific epithet refers to the clavate microconidia.
Mycelium not visible around ascomata or on host. Ascomata perithecial, crowded in group of 5 to 40, on basal stroma, oval, subglobose to globose, smooth, bright red when fresh, red brownish to dark red when dry, with a darker red ostiolar region, turning purple red in KOH and orange yellow in LA, 128–175 × 206–255 μm (n = 17). Perithecial wall consisting of a single layer, 15–25 μm thick, cells forming textura prismatica, 2–12 × 2–6 μm, walls 1–1.2 μm thick. Asci cylindrical, with a rounded apex, (4–7-)8-spored, 55–75 × 5–9 μm. Ascospores ellipsoidal to broadly ellipsoidal, equally 2-celled, slightly constricted at septum, smooth or finely verruculose, hyaline or pale brown, obliquely uniseriate in ascus often with ends overlapping, 7.5–12 × 4.5–5.5 μm.
Colony on PDA 48 mm diam. after 7 d at 25 °C, surface cottony, aerial mycelium white, producing vinaceous pigment in medium. Colony on SNA 30 mm diam. after 7 d at 25 °C, surface slightly floccose, with sparse whitish aerial mycelium. Colony on CMD 56 mm diam. after 7 d at 25 °C, surface floccose, with sparse whitish aerial mycelium, producing vinaceous pigment in medium. Conidiophores with short simple branches. Conidiogenous cells monophialidic, cylindrical, tapering toward the tip, 12–63 × 1.5–3.5 μm. Conidia clavate, not in chains, hyaline, aseptate, 4–7 × 0.8–2 μm (n = 60). Macroconidia and chlamydospores not observed.
Notes. Attempts were made to obtain macroconidia of the fungus in culture, but failed. Although the falcate macroconidia are lacking, the major phenotypic features of the fungus, such as occurrence on bark of Buxus sp., perithecia broadly ampulliform with a short neck, asci cylindrical with a rounded apex, ellipsoidal ascospores uniseptate and conidiophores monophialidic, fit well with the generic concept of Geejayessia. The molecular data confirm the taxonomic placement and indicate its close relationship with G. atrofusca (Figure
Geejayessia clavata sexual state (holotype, HMAS 275654): a–c Ascomata on natural substrate d–f colour of perithecium in water (d), 3% KOH (e) and 100% lactic acid (f) g median section through perithecium h–k Asci with ascospores l–o Ascospores. Scale bars: 1 mm (a–c); 100 μm (d–f); 50 μm (g); 10 μm (h–k), 5 μm (l–o).
CHINA, Hubei Province, Shennongjia, 31°29'17"N, 110°20'58"E, alt. 2800 m, on bark of Buxus sp., 15 September 2014, Z.Q. Zeng, H.D. Zheng, W.T. Qin & K. Chen 9606 (holotype: HMAS 254520), dried ex-type culture HMAS 248726.
Specific epithet refers to the type locality China.
Mycelium not visible around ascomata or on host. Ascomata perithecial, solitary or in groups of 5 to 40, with a basal stroma, pyriform or subglobose to globose, smooth, collapsing laterally when dry, red to bright red with a dark red ostiolar region, turning dark purple red in KOH and light yellow in LA, 255–343 × 176–314 μm (n = 14). Perithecial wall of a single layer, 18–38 μm thick, of textura prismatica, cells 8–23 × 2–6 μm, walls 1.2–1.5 μm thick. Asci subcylindrical to clavate, with a rounded apex, 6(–8)-spored, 88–123 × 7–10(–12.5) μm. Ascospores ellipsoidal, hyaline or pale brown, smooth or finely warted, bicellular, slightly constricted at septum, obliquely uniseriate, 10–18(–20) × 5–7.5 μm.
Colony on PDA 42 mm diam. after 7 d at 25 °C, surface cottony, with whitish aerial mycelium, forming concentric rings, with pale vinaceous pigment produced in medium. Colony on SNA 26 mm diam. after 7 d at 25 °C, surface slightly velvet, with sparse whitish aerial mycelium. Colony on CMD 40 mm diam. after 7 d at 25 °C, surface radial, slightly floccose, with sparse whitish aerial mycelium. Conidiophores with short simple branches. Conidiogenous cells monophialidic, cylindrical, slightly tapering toward the tip, indefinite in length. Macroconidia falcate, with an arcuate tip and a pedicellate foot cell, hyaline, (3–4–)5-septate, 3-septate: 30–53 × 4–5 μm, 4-septate: 50–60 × 4.5–5.2 μm, 5-septate: 53–80 × 4.6–5.3 μm. Microconidia and chlamydospores not observed.
Geejayessia sinica is phylogenetically related to and morphologically similar to G. cicatricum and G. desmazieri in perithecial gross morphology, subcylindrical to clavate asci, ellipsoidal to broadly ellipsoidal, uniseptate ascospores, falcate macroconidia (
Geejayessia sinica sexual state (holotype, HMAS 254520): a–c ascomata on natural substrate d–f colour of perithecium in water (d), 3% KOH (e) and 100% lactic acid (f) g median section through perithecium h–j asci with ascospores k–m ascospores. Scale bars: 1 mm (a–c); 100 μm (d–f); 50 μm (g); 10 μm (h–m).
According to the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi and plants (
Joining the two new species to the Geejayessia clade, the tree topology (Figure
Host specificity has been shown in some fungi of Nectriaceae; for example, Thyronectria aurigera (Berk. & Ravenel) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr occurs only on Oleaceae, T. berolinensis (Sacc.) Seaver on Ribes and T. aquifolii (Fr.) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr on Ilex aquifolium (
The genus Geejayessia was previously known from Europe, North America and Oceania (
We are very grateful to Drs. H.D. Zheng, Z.X. Zhu, W.T. Qin and K. Chen for collecting specimens jointly for this study and to Dr. X.C. Wang for technical help. This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (no. 2017YFD0200600), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 31750001) and Frontier Key Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (no. QYZDY-SSW-SMC029).