Latest Articles from MycoKeys Latest 59 Articles from MycoKeys https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/ Fri, 29 Mar 2024 03:42:14 +0200 Pensoft FeedCreator https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/i/logo.jpg Latest Articles from MycoKeys https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/ Two novel species of arctic-alpine lichen-forming fungi (Ascomycota, Megasporaceae) from the Deosai Plains, Pakistan https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/113310/ MycoKeys 102: 285-299

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.102.113310

Authors: Muhammad Usman, Paul S. Dyer, Matthias Brock, Christopher M. Wade, Abdul Nasir Khalid

Abstract: Members of the lichen-forming fungal genus Oxneriaria are known to occur in cold polar and high altitudinal environments. Two new species, Oxneriaria crittendenii and O. deosaiensis, are now described from the high altitude Deosai Plains, Pakistan, based on phenotypic, multigene phylogenetic and chemical evidence. Phenotypically, O. crittendenii is characterised by orbicular light-brown thalli 1.5–5 cm across, spot tests (K, C, KC) negative, apothecia pruinose, hymenium initially blue then dark orange in response to Lugol’s solution. Oxneriaria deosaiensis is characterised by irregular areolate grey thalli 1.5–2 cm across, K test (light brown), KC test (dark brown), apothecia epruinose, hymenium initially blue then dark blue in response to Lugol’s solution. Both species share the same characters of thalli with black margins and polarilocular ascospores. The closest previously reported species, O. pruinosa, differs from O. crittendenii and O. deosaiensis in having non-lobate margins, thin thalline exciple (45–80 μm thick), short asci (55–80 × 25–42 μm) and K positive (yellow) and KC negative tests and divergent DNA sequence in the ITS, LSU and mt SSU regions. The newly-described Oxneriaria species add to growing evidence of the Deosai Plains as a region of important arctic-alpine biodiversity.

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Research Article Fri, 1 Mar 2024 18:21:56 +0200
Phylogeny of the genus Loxospora s.l. (Sarrameanales, Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota), with Chicitaea gen. nov. and five new combinations in Chicitaea and Loxospora https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/116196/ MycoKeys 102: 155-181

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.102.116196

Authors: Łucja Ptach-Styn, Beata Guzow-Krzemińska, James C. Lendemer, Tor Tønsberg, Martin Kukwa

Abstract: Loxospora is a genus of crustose lichens containing 13 accepted species that can be separated into two groups, based on differences in secondary chemistry that correlate with differences in characters of the sexual reproductive structures (asci and ascospores). Molecular phylogenetic analyses recovered these groups as monophyletic and support their recognition as distinct genera that differ in phenotypic characters. Species containing 2’-O-methylperlatolic acid are transferred to the new genus, Chicitaea Guzow-Krzem., Kukwa & Lendemer and four new combinations are proposed: C. assateaguensis (Lendemer) Guzow-Krzem., Kukwa & Lendemer, C. confusa (Lendemer) Guzow-Krzem., Kukwa & Lendemer, C. cristinae (Guzow-Krzem., Łubek, Kubiak & Kukwa) Guzow-Krzem., Kukwa & Lendemer and C. lecanoriformis (Lumbsch, A.W. Archer & Elix) Guzow-Krzem., Kukwa & Lendemer. The remaining species produce thamnolic acid and represent Loxospora s.str. Haplotype analyses recovered sequences of L. elatina in two distinct groups, one corresponding to L. elatina s.str. and one to Pertusaria chloropolia, the latter being resurrected from synonymy of L. elatina and, thus, requiring the combination, L. chloropolia (Erichsen) Ptach-Styn, Guzow-Krzem., Tønsberg & Kukwa. Sequences of L. ochrophaea were found to be intermixed within the otherwise monophyletic L. elatina s.str. These two taxa, which differ in contrasting reproductive mode and overall geographic distributions, are maintained as distinct, pending further studies with additional molecular loci. Lectotypes are selected for Lecanora elatina, Pertusaria chloropolia and P. chloropolia f. cana. The latter is a synonym of Loxospora chloropolia. New primers for the amplification of mtSSU are also presented.

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Research Article Mon, 19 Feb 2024 16:32:21 +0200
Two new species of Rhizoplaca (Lecanoraceae) from Southwest China https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/115678/ MycoKeys 101: 233-248

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.101.115678

Authors: Yanyun Zhang, Yujiao Yin, Lun Wang, Christian Printzen, Lisong Wang, Xinyu Wang

Abstract: In this study, two new species, Rhizoplaca adpressa Y. Y. Zhang & Li S. Wang and R. auriculata Y. Y. Zhang, Li S. Wang & Printzen, are described from Southwest China, based on their morphology, phylogeny and chemistry. In phylogeny, the two new species are monophyletic, and sister to each other within Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca-complex. Rhizoplaca adpressa is characterized by its placodioid and closely adnate thallus, pale green and heavily pruinose upper surface, narrow (ca. 1 mm) and white free margin on the lower surface of marginal squamules, the absence of a lower cortex, and its basally non-constricted apothecia with orange discs that turn reddish-brown at maturity. Rhizoplaca auriculata is characterized by its squamulose to placodioid thallus, yellowish green and marginally pruinose squamules, wide (1−3 mm) and bluish-black free margin on the lower surface of marginal squamules, the absence of a lower cortex, and its basally constricted apothecia with persistently orange discs. Rhizoplaca adpressa and R. auriculata share the same secondary metabolites of usnic and placodiolic acids.

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Research Article Thu, 25 Jan 2024 10:53:22 +0200
Three new species of Trimmatothelopsis (Acarosporales, Acarosporaceae) from southwestern North America https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/102965/ MycoKeys 99: 251-268

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.99.102965

Authors: Kerry Knudsen, Jana Kocourková, Eva Hodková, Jason Dart, Alejandro Huereca, Jiří Malíček

Abstract: The discovery and study of three new species of Trimmatothelopsis from Southwestern North America, T. californica, T. mexicana, and T. novomexicana, adds not only to the diversity of the genus and family but generated new insights into the occurrence of two ascus types in the genus and the variety of conidiogenous cells and conidia. Trimmatothelopsis now includes 15 species with a mainly Holarctic distribution (Asia, Europe, North America) and one species in Australia. A key is supplied to the genus. An overview of the genus Trimmatothelopsis is given, including differentiation from other genera of Acarosporaceae. The monotypic genus Thelocarpella is considered to be a synonym of Trimmatothelopsis. The new combination Trimmatothelopsis wirthii is proposed. The ascus type is shown to be variable in the genus with species with two types being intermixed with each other in our phylogeny.

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Research Article Thu, 12 Oct 2023 16:20:42 +0300
Roccellinastrum, Cenozosia and Heterodermia: Ecology and phylogeny of fog lichens and their photobionts from the coastal Atacama Desert https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/107764/ MycoKeys 98: 317-348

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.98.107764

Authors: Patrick Jung, Lina Werner, Laura Briegel-Williams, Dina Emrich, Michael Lakatos

Abstract: Some deserts on Earth such as the Namib or the Atacama are influenced by fog which can lead to the formation of local fog oases - unique environments hosting a great diversity of specialized plants and lichens. Lichens of the genera Ramalina, Niebla or Heterodermia have taxonomically been investigated from fog oases around the globe but not from the Atacama Desert, one of the oldest and driest deserts. Conditioned by its topography and the presence of orographic fog, the National Park Pan de Azúcar in the Atacama Desert is considered to be such a lichen hotspot. Applying multi-gen loci involving phylogenetic analyses combined with intense morphological and chemical characterization, we determined the taxonomic position of five of the most abundant epiphytic lichens of this area. We evaluated Roccellinastrum spongoideum and Heterodermia follmannii which were both described from the area but also finally showed that the genus Cenozosia is the endemic sister genus to Ramalina, Vermilacinia, Namibialina and Niebla. As a result, we have described the species Heterodermia adunca, C. cava and C. excorticata as new lichen species. This work provides a comprehensive dataset for common fog lichen genera of the Coastal Range of the Atacama Desert that can be used as a baseline for monitoring programs and environmental health assessments.

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Research Article Tue, 1 Aug 2023 15:08:35 +0300
How, not if, is the question mycologists should be asking about DNA-based typification https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/102669/ MycoKeys 96: 143-157

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.96.102669

Authors: R. Henrik Nilsson, Martin Ryberg, Christian Wurzbacher, Leho Tedersoo, Sten Anslan, Sergei Põlme, Viacheslav Spirin, Vladimir Mikryukov, Sten Svantesson, Martin Hartmann, Charlotte Lennartsdotter, Pauline Belford, Maryia Khomich, Alice Retter, Natàlia Corcoll, Daniela Gómez Martinez, Tobias Jansson, Masoomeh Ghobad-Nejhad, Duong Vu, Marisol Sanchez-Garcia, Erik Kristiansson, Kessy Abarenkov

Abstract: Fungal metabarcoding of substrates such as soil, wood, and water is uncovering an unprecedented number of fungal species that do not seem to produce tangible morphological structures and that defy our best attempts at cultivation, thus falling outside the scope of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants. The present study uses the new, ninth release of the species hypotheses of the UNITE database to show that species discovery through environmental sequencing vastly outpaces traditional, Sanger sequencing-based efforts in a strongly increasing trend over the last five years. Our findings challenge the present stance of some in the mycological community – that the current situation is satisfactory and that no change is needed to “the code” – and suggest that we should be discussing not whether to allow DNA-based descriptions (typifications) of species and by extension higher ranks of fungi, but what the precise requirements for such DNA-based typifications should be. We submit a tentative list of such criteria for further discussion. The present authors hope for a revitalized and deepened discussion on DNA-based typification, because to us it seems harmful and counter-productive to intentionally deny the overwhelming majority of extant fungi a formal standing under the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants.

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Forum Paper Mon, 10 Apr 2023 10:59:55 +0300
Two new species of Astrothelium from Sud Yungas in Bolivia and the first discovery of vegetative propagules in the family Trypetheliaceae (lichen-forming Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota) https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/98986/ MycoKeys 95: 83-100

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.95.98986

Authors: Martin Kukwa, Pamela Rodriguez-Flakus, André Aptroot, Adam Flakus

Abstract: Two new species of Astrothelium are described from the Yungas forest in Bolivian Andes. Astrothelium chulumanense is characterised by pseudostromata concolorous with the thallus, perithecia immersed for the most part, with the upper portion elevated above the thallus and covered, except the tops, with orange pigment, apical and fused ostioles, the absence of lichexanthone (but thallus UV+ orange-yellow), clear hamathecium, 8-spored asci and amyloid, large, muriform ascospores with median septa. Astrothelium isidiatum is known only in a sterile state and produces isidia that develop in groups on areoles, but easily break off to reveal a medulla that resembles soralia. Both species, according to the two-locus phylogeny, belong to Astrothelium s.str. The production of isidia is reported from the genus Astrothelium and the family Trypetheliaceae for the first time.

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Research Article Wed, 8 Feb 2023 17:10:29 +0200
A new species of Megalaria (Ramalinaceae, Ascomycota) from Thailand, and recognition of subgenus Catillochroma https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/90962/ MycoKeys 93: 149-163

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.93.90962

Authors: Phimpisa Phraphuchamnong, Matthew P. Nelsen, Isabel Distefano, Joel A. Mercado-Diaz, Sittiporn Parnmen, Achariya Rangsiruji, Kawinnat Buaruang, Robert Lücking, H. Thorsten Lumbsch

Abstract: Tropical regions harbor a substantial diversity of lichenized fungi, but face numerous threats to their persistence, often even before previously unknown species have been described and their evolutionary relationships have been elucidated. Megalaria (Ramalinaceae) is a lichen-forming genus of fungi that produces crustose thalli, and includes a number of lineages occupying tropical rain forests; however, taxonomic and phylogenetic work on this clade is limited. Here we leverage both morphological and sequence data to describe a new species from the tropics, M. pachaylenophila. This taxon forms a crustose thallus, lacks secondary metabolites, and occurs in mangrove forests of Thailand. We supplemented molecular data from this species with data from other species, including two genera related to and occasionally included in Megalaria, namely Catillochroma and Lopezaria. Our analyses revealed Catillochroma species form a monophyletic group embedded within Megalaria, and we therefore recognize this clade at the subgeneric level. Since we only included the type species of Lopezaria in this study, we refrain from proposing a taxonomic conclusion for that clade at the moment. Several taxonomic combinations are made to reflect phylogenetic evidence supporting the inclusion of these species in Megalaria.

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Research Article Fri, 4 Nov 2022 09:52:20 +0200
A new species and four new records of Bacidia (Lecanorales, Ramalinaceae) from South Korea, with a key to Korean species https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/89283/ MycoKeys 93: 107-130

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.93.89283

Authors: Beeyoung Gun Lee, Jae-Seoun Hur

Abstract: A new species, Bacidia fuscopallida Lee & Heo and four new records, B. ekmaniana R. C. Harris, Ladd & Lendemer, B. friesiana (Hepp) Körb., B. heterochroa (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr. and B. suffusa (Fr.) A. Schneid., are described from South Korea. Bacidia fuscopallida differs from B. diffracta S. Ekman, the most similar species, by warted but non-granular thallus, paler and smaller apothecia without pruina, proper exciple without crystals, over 11-septate ascospores and smaller pycnidia and pycnoconidia. Bacidia ekmaniana is recorded new to Asia, B. heterochroa is reported new to northeastern Asia and B. friesiana and B. suffusa are new to Korea. Molecular analyses employing internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences strongly support the classification of the five species of Bacidia. A surrogate key is provided to assist in the identification of all 19 taxa in Bacidia of Korea.

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Research Article Wed, 19 Oct 2022 11:00:46 +0300
New species of Sticta (lichenised Ascomycota, lobarioid Peltigeraceae) from Bolivia suggest a high level of endemism in the Central Andes https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/89960/ MycoKeys 92: 131-160

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.92.89960

Authors: Emilia Anna Ossowska, Bibiana Moncada, Martin Kukwa, Adam Flakus, Pamela Rodriguez-Flakus, Sandra Olszewska, Robert Lücking

Abstract: Six species of Sticta are described as new to science on the basis of material from Bolivia and supported by phylogenetic analysis of the fungal ITS barcoding marker. The species were resolved in all three of the clades (I, II, III) widespread and common in the Neotropics, as defined in an earlier study on the genus. Comparison with material from neighbouring countries (i.e. Colombia, Ecuador, Peru) suggests that these new species may be potentially endemic to the Bolivian Yungas ecoregion. For each species, a detailed morphological and anatomical description is given. Sticta amboroensis Ossowska, Kukwa, B. Moncada & Lücking is a medium-sized green-algal species with laminal to submarginal apothecia with hirsute margins and with light to dark brown lower tomentum. Sticta aymara Ossowska, Kukwa, B. Moncada, Flakus, Rodriguez-Flakus & Lücking is a comparatively small cyanobacterial taxon with Nostoc as photobiont, laminal, richly branched, aggregate isidia and a golden to chocolate-brown lower tomentum. The medium-sized, cyanobacterial S. bicellulata Ossowska, Kukwa, B. Moncada & Lücking has cyanobacterial photobiont, bicellular ascospores, apothecia with white to golden-brown hairs on the margins, K+ violet apothecial margin (ring around disc) and epihymenium and a white to dark brown lower tomentum. In contrast, the green-algal species, S. carrascoensis Ossowska, Kukwa, B. Moncada & Lücking is characterised by its large size, apothecia with dark brown hairs on the margins and a yellow medulla. The cyanobacterial S. catharinae Ossowska, B. Moncada, Kukwa, Flakus, Rodriguez-Flakus & Lücking forms stipitate thalli with Nostoc as photobiont, abundant, laminal to submarginal apothecia and a golden-brown lower tomentum. Finally, the cyanobacterial S. pseudoimpressula Ossowska, Kukwa, B. Moncada & Lücking produces laminal apothecia with an orange-yellow line of pruina along the margins which reacts K+ carmine-red. In addition to the six new Bolivian taxa, the cyanobacterial S. narinioana B. Moncada, Ossowska & Lücking is described as new from Colombia and it represents the closely-related sister species of the Bolivian S. aymara; it differs from the latter largely in the marginal instead of laminal isidia.

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Research Article Tue, 13 Sep 2022 10:30:48 +0300
Taxonomy of Buellia epigaea-group (Caliciales, Caliciaceae), revealing a new species and two new records from China https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/83939/ MycoKeys 92: 45-62

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.92.83939

Authors: Min Ai, Li Juan Li, Fiona Ruth Worthy, An Cheng Yin, Qiu Yi Zhong, Shi Qiong Wang, Li Song Wang, Xin Yu Wang

Abstract: During the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program, we discovered that white terricolous lichenized fungal species of Buellia De Not. were widely distributed across the Tibetan Plateau. After examining their morphology, chemistry and phylogeny, we describe Buellia alpina Xin Y. Wang & Li S. Wang, sp. nov. as new to science. It is present in alpine meadows, and is characterized by its effigurate thallus, distinct linear marginal lobes, cover of thick white pruina and four-spored asci. This is also the first report of Buellia elegans Poelt and Buellia epigaea (Pers.) Tuck from China. The Buellia epigaea-group has previously been characterized by white and often effigurate thalli that occur mainly on soil. However, our results show that species in this group actually belong to two distinct clades. This conclusion is based on analyses of the nuITS region and the combined regions dataset (nuITS-nuLSU-mtSSU-β-tubulin). We discuss differences in morphology, anatomy, chemistry and ecology among the putative Buellia epigaea-group. Detailed descriptions and figures for the three species from China and a key for species of Buellia epigaea-group are provided.

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Research Article Fri, 5 Aug 2022 10:33:56 +0300
Two new Rinodina lichens from South Korea, with an updated key to the species of Rinodina in the far eastern Asia https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/71524/ MycoKeys 87: 159-182

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.87.71524

Authors: Beeyoung Gun Lee, Jae-Seoun Hur

Abstract: Rinodina salicis Lee & Hur and Rinodina zeorina Lee & Hur are described as new lichen-forming fungi from forested wetlands or a humid forest in South Korea. Rinodina salicis is distinguishable from Rinodina excrescens Vain., the most similar species, by its olive-gray thallus with smaller areoles without having blastidia, contiguous apothecia, non-pruinose discs, paler disc color, wider ascospores in the Pachysporaria-type II, and the absence of secondary metabolites. Rinodina zeorina differs from Rinodina hypobadia Sheard by areolate and brownish thallus, non-pruinose apothecia, colorless and wider parathecium, narrower paraphyses with non-pigmented and unswollen tips, longer and narrower ascospores with angular to globose lumina, and the absence of pannarin. Molecular analyses employing internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences strongly support the two new species to be unique in the genus Rinodina. An updated key is provided to assist in the identification of all 63 taxa in Rinodina of the far eastern Asia.

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Research Article Wed, 23 Feb 2022 10:14:31 +0200
The curse of the uncultured fungus https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/76053/ MycoKeys 86: 177-194

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.86.76053

Authors: Kessy Abarenkov, Erik Kristiansson, Martin Ryberg, Sandra Nogal-Prata, Daniela Gómez-Martínez, Katrin Stüer-Patowsky, Tobias Jansson, Sergei Põlme, Masoomeh Ghobad-Nejhad, Natàlia Corcoll, Ruud Scharn, Marisol Sánchez-García, Maryia Khomich, Christian Wurzbacher, R. Henrik Nilsson

Abstract: The international DNA sequence databases abound in fungal sequences not annotated beyond the kingdom level, typically bearing names such as “uncultured fungus”. These sequences beget low-resolution mycological results and invite further deposition of similarly poorly annotated entries. What do these sequences represent? This study uses a 767,918-sequence corpus of public full-length fungal ITS sequences to estimate what proportion of the 95,055 “uncultured fungus” sequences that represent truly unidentifiable fungal taxa – and what proportion of them that would have been straightforward to annotate to some more meaningful taxonomic level at the time of sequence deposition. Our results suggest that more than 70% of these sequences would have been trivial to identify to at least the order/family level at the time of sequence deposition, hinting that factors other than poor availability of relevant reference sequences explain the low-resolution names. We speculate that researchers’ perceived lack of time and lack of insight into the ramifications of this problem are the main explanations for the low-resolution names. We were surprised to find that more than a fifth of these sequences seem to have been deposited by mycologists rather than researchers unfamiliar with the consequences of poorly annotated fungal sequences in molecular repositories. The proportion of these needlessly poorly annotated sequences does not decline over time, suggesting that this problem must not be left unchecked.

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Research Article Wed, 2 Feb 2022 10:49:31 +0200
Infraspecific variation of some brown Parmeliae (in Poland) – a comparison of ITS rDNA and non-molecular characters https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/70552/ MycoKeys 85: 127-160

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.85.70552

Authors: Katarzyna Szczepańska, Beata Guzow-Krzemińska, Jacek Urbaniak

Abstract: Infraspecific variation of the ITS rDNA region of some brown Parmeliae occurring in Poland is studied and compared with non-molecular characters. Haplotype networks are used to illustrate the variability within the species. Both newly-produced sequences from Central Europe and from all over the world, downloaded from the GenBank, are used. The number of haplotypes found for each taxon ranged from five in Melanelia stygia to 12 in Melanelia hepatizon and Montanelia disjuncta; however, their numbers correlate with the number of specimens tested. New haplotypes for Melanelia agnata, M. hepatizon and Cetraria commixta are found. Based on our 169-sample dataset, we could not infer any geographical correlation, either locally or world-wide. Many of the analysed haplotypes were widely distributed and the same haplotype was often shared between temperate and polar populations. A comparison of molecular, morphological, anatomical and chemical characters also shows no correlation.

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Research Article Wed, 22 Dec 2021 14:13:04 +0200
Two new lecanoroid lichen species from the forested wetlands of South Korea, with a key for Korean Protoparmeliopsis species https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/70798/ MycoKeys 84: 163-183

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.84.70798

Authors: Beeyoung Gun Lee, Jae-Seoun Hur

Abstract: Lecanora parasymmicta Lee & Hur and Protoparmeliopsis crystalliniformis Lee & Hur are described as new lichen species to science from the forested wetlands in southern South Korea. Molecular analyses employing internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and mitochondrial small subunit (mtSSU) sequences strongly support the two lecanoroid species to be distinct in their genera. Lecanora parasymmicta is included in the Lecanora symmicta group. It is morphologically distinguished from Lecanora symmicta (Ach.) Ach., its most similar species, by areolate-rimose thallus, blackish hypothallus, larger apothecia, absence of thalline excipulum from the beginning, narrower paraphyses, larger ascospores, smaller pycnoconidia, and the presence of placodiolic acid. The second new species Protoparmeliopsis crystalliniformis is included in a clade with Protoparmeliopsis bipruinosa (Fink) S.Y. Kondr. and P. nashii (B.D. Ryan) S.Y. Kondr., differs from Protoparmeliopsis ertzii Bungartz & Elix, its most morphologically similar species, by whitish thallus, flat to concave and paler disc, longer ascospores, thallus K+ yellow reaction, presence of atranorin and rhizocarpic acid, and the substrate preference to sandstone or basalt. A key is provided to assist in the identification of Protoparmeliopsis species in Korea.

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Research Article Fri, 12 Nov 2021 11:25:28 +0200
Two new calcicolous caloplacoid lichens from South Korea, with a taxonomic key to the species of Huriella and Squamulea https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/71227/ MycoKeys 84: 35-55

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.84.71227

Authors: Beeyoung Gun Lee, Jae-Seoun Hur

Abstract: Pyrenodesmia rugosa Lee & Hur and Huriella aeruginosa Lee & Hur are described as new lichen-forming fungi from a calcareous mountain of South Korea. Pyrenodesmia rugosa is distinguishable from Pyrenodesmia micromontana (Frolov, Wilk & Vondrák) Hafellner & Türk, the most similar species, by thicker thallus, rugose areoles, larger apothecia, shorter hymenium, shorter hypothecium and narrower tip cells of paraphyses. Huriella aeruginosa, the second new species, differs from ‘Squamulea’ chelonia Bungartz & Søchting by dark greenish-grey to grey thallus without pruina, gold to yellow-brown epihymenium, larger ascospores and thallus K– and KC– reaction. Molecular analyses employing internal transcribed spacer (ITS), mitochondrial small subunit (mtSSU) and nuclear large subunit ribosomal RNA (LSU) sequences strongly support the two caloplacoid species to be distinct in their genera. A surrogate key is provided to assist in the identification of all 20 taxa in Huriella and Squamulea.

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Research Article Mon, 1 Nov 2021 09:31:10 +0200
Corrigendum: Pykälä J, Kantelinen A, Myllys L (2020) Taxonomy of Verrucaria species characterised by large spores, perithecia leaving pits in the rock and a pale thin thallus in Finland. MycoKeys 72: 43–92. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.72.56223 https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/67870/ MycoKeys 80: 163-164

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.80.67870

Authors: Juha Pykälä, Annina Kantelinen, Leena Myllys

Abstract: Corrigendum

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Corrigenda Thu, 3 Jun 2021 12:01:33 +0300
The lichens of the Majella National Park (Central Italy): an annotated checklist https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/62362/ MycoKeys 78: 119-168

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.78.62362

Authors: Gabriele Gheza, Luca Di Nuzzo, Chiara Vallese, Renato Benesperi, Elisabetta Bianchi, Valter Di Cecco, Luciano Di Martino, Paolo Giordani, Josef Hafellner, Helmut Mayrhofer, Pier Luigi Nimis, Mauro Tretiach, Juri Nascimbene

Abstract: The botanical exploration of the Majella National Park has a long tradition dating back to the eighteenth century. However, the lichen biota of this area is still poorly investigated. To provide a baseline for future investigations, in this annotated checklist, we summarised all available information on the occurrence of lichens in the Majella National Park, retrieved from previous literature, herbarium material and original data produced by recent research. The checklist includes 342 infrageneric taxa. However, seven taxa are considered as dubious, thus setting the number of accepted taxa at 335, i.e. 45.8% of those currently known to occur in the Abruzzo Region. This checklist provides a baseline of the lichens known to occur in the Majella National Park, highlighting the potential of this area as a hotspot of lichen biodiversity, especially from a biogeographical point of view as indicated by the occurrence of several arctic-alpine species that form disjunct populations in the summit area of the massif.

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Checklist Mon, 29 Mar 2021 09:10:30 +0300
Corrigendum: Spjut R, Simon A, Guissard M, Magain N, Sérusiaux E (2020) The fruticose genera in the Ramalinaceae (Ascomycota, Lecanoromycetes): their diversity and evolutionary history. MycoKeys 73: 1–68. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.73.47287 https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/59175/ MycoKeys 74: 109-110

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.74.59175

Authors: Richard Spjut, Antoine Simon, Martin Guissard, Nicolas Magain, Emmanuël Sérusiaux

Abstract: None

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Corrigenda Fri, 30 Oct 2020 08:55:29 +0200
The fruticose genera in the Ramalinaceae (Ascomycota, Lecanoromycetes): their diversity and evolutionary history https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/47287/ MycoKeys 73: 1-68

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.73.47287

Authors: Richard Spjut, Antoine Simon, Martin Guissard, Nicolas Magain, Emmanuël Sérusiaux

Abstract: We present phylogenetic analyses of the fruticose Ramalinaceae based on extensive collections from many parts of the world, with a special focus on the Vizcaíno deserts in north-western Mexico and the coastal desert in Namibia. We generate a four-locus DNA sequence dataset for accessions of Ramalina and two additional loci for Niebla and Vermilacinia. Four genera are strongly supported: the subcosmopolitan Ramalina, the new genus Namibialina endemic to SW Africa, and a duo formed by Niebla and Vermilacinia, endemic to the New World except the sorediate V. zebrina that disjunctly occurs in Namibia. The latter three genera are restricted to coastal desert and chaparral where vegetation depends on moisture from ocean fog. Ramalina is subcosmopolitan and much more diverse in its ecology. We show that Ramalina and its sister genus Namibialina diverged from each other at c. 48 Myrs, whereas Vermilacinia and Niebla split at c. 30 Myrs. The phylogeny of the fruticose genera remains unresolved to their ancestral crustose genera. Species delimitation within Namibialina and Ramalina is rather straightforward. The phylogeny and taxonomy of Vermilacinia are fully resolved, except for the two youngest clades of corticolous taxa, and support current taxonomy, including four new taxa described here. Secondary metabolite variation in Niebla generally coincides with major clades which are comprised of species complexes with still unresolved phylogenetic relationships. A micro-endemism pattern of allopatric species is strongly suspected for both genera, except for the corticolous taxa within Vermilacinia. Both Niebla and saxicolous Vermilacinia have chemotypes unique to species clades that are largely endemic to the Vizcaíno deserts. The following new taxa are described: Namibialina gen. nov. with N. melanothrix (comb. nov.) as type species, a single new species of Ramalina (R. krogiae) and four new species of Vermilacinia (V. breviloba, V. lacunosa, V. pustulata and V. reticulata). The new combination V. granulans is introduced. Two epithets are re-introduced for European Ramalina species: R. crispans (= R. peruviana auct. eur.) and R. rosacea (= R. bourgeana auct. p.p). A lectotype is designated for Vermilacinia procera. A key to saxicolous species of Vermilacinia is presented.

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Research Article Fri, 11 Sep 2020 14:49:22 +0300
Taxonomy of Verrucaria species characterised by large spores, perithecia leaving pits in the rock and a pale thin thallus in Finland https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/56223/ MycoKeys 72: 43-92

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.72.56223

Authors: Juha Pykälä, Annina Kantelinen, Leena Myllys

Abstract: Species of Verrucaria, characterised by large spores (at least some spores exceeding 25 µm in length), perithecia leaving pits in the rock and a pale thin thallus, form a taxonomically-difficult and poorly-known group. In this study, such species occurring in Finland are revised, based on ITS sequences and morphology. Maximum likelihood analysis of ITS sequence data was used to examine if the species belong to the Thelidium group, as suggested by BLAST search. Twelve species are accepted in Finland: Verrucaria bifurcata sp. nov., V. cavernarum sp. nov., V. devergens, V. difficilis sp. nov., V. foveolata, V. fuscozonata sp. nov., V. karelica, V. kuusamoensis sp. nov., V. subdevergens sp. nov., V. subjunctiva, V. subtilis and V. vacillans sp. nov. Verrucaria foveolata is nested in V. subjunctiva in the phylogeny, but due to morphological and ecogeographical differences, the two taxa are treated as separate species pending further studies. Based on the analysis, the study species belong to the Thelidium group. The studied species show a rather high infraspecific morphological, but a low genetic variation. Furthermore, they show considerable overlap in their morphology and many specimens cannot be reliably identified, based on morphology only. All species are restricted to calcareous rocks. Verrucaria alpigena, V. cinereorufa and V. hochstetteri are excluded from the lichen flora of Finland. Verrucaria grossa is considered a species with unresolved identity. Verrucaria foveolata and V. subtilis are rather common on calcareous rocks of Finland while V. devergens and V. kuusamoensis are restricted to northern Finland. Verrucaria subjunctiva occurs mainly in northern Finland. Verrucaria bifurcata has been found only from southern Finland. Verrucaria difficilis has few localities both in SW and NE Finland. Verrucaria vacillans is restricted to calcareous rocks (dolomite) on the mountains of the NW corner of Finland. Verrucaria fuscozonata, V. karelica and V. subdevergens occur only in the Oulanka area in NE Finland. A lectotype is designated for V. subjunctiva. The morphology of the Finnish species was compared with 51 European species of Verrucaria presumably belonging to the Thelidium group.

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Research Article Wed, 2 Sep 2020 08:51:52 +0300
A new lichenized fungus, Lecanora baekdudaeganensis, from South Korea, with a taxonomic key for Korean Lecanora species https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/51569/ MycoKeys 70: 39-58

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.70.51569

Authors: Beeyoung Gun Lee, Jae-Seoun Hur

Abstract: Lecanora baekdudaeganensis Lee & Hur is described as a new lichenized fungus from Baekdudaegan Mountains, South Korea. The new species is classified into the Lecanora subfusca group – allophana type and distinguishable from Lecanora imshaugii Brodo by a darker thallus, brownish disc, K–insoluble granules on the surface of the epihymenium, shorter hypothecium, and the presence of oil droplets in the apothecial section. Molecular analyses employing internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and mitochondrial small subunit (mtSSU) sequences strongly support Lecanora baekdudaeganensis as a distinct species in the genus Lecanora. A surrogate key is provided to assist in the identification of all 52 taxa in the genus Lecanora of Korea.

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Research Article Fri, 24 Jul 2020 09:06:19 +0300
Squamarina (lichenised fungi) species described from China belong to at least three unrelated genera https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/39057/ MycoKeys 66: 135-157

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.66.39057

Authors: Yan-Yun Zhang, Xin-Yu Wang, Li-Juan Li, Christian Printzen, Einar Timdal, Dong-Ling Niu, An-Cheng Yin, Shi-Qiong Wang, Li-Song Wang

Abstract: New collections of six Squamarina species from type localities in China were studied. The comparison of morphological characteristics and secondary metabolites with those of the type specimens and phylogenetic analyses suggest that S. callichroa and S. pachyphylla belong to Rhizoplaca, S. semisterilis belongs to Lobothallia and S. chondroderma should be retained in Lecanora temporarily. Only two species, S. kansuensis and S. oleosa, remain in Squamarina. The new combinations Lobothallia semisterilis (H. Magn.) Y. Y. Zhang, Rhizoplaca callichroa (Zahlbr.) Y. Y. Zhang and R. pachyphylla (H. Magn.) Y. Y. Zhang are proposed. Detailed descriptions to aid the identification of these species, distributions and phylogenetic trees, based on multiple collections, are presented. The generic concept of Squamarina is recircumscribed in this study.

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Research Article Fri, 24 Apr 2020 10:52:47 +0300
Morphology and secondary chemistry in species recognition of Parmelia omphalodes group – evidence from molecular data with notes on the ecological niche modelling and genetic variability of photobionts https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/38175/ MycoKeys 61: 39-74

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.61.38175

Authors: Emilia Ossowska, Beata Guzow-Krzemińska, Marta Kolanowska, Katarzyna Szczepańska, Martin Kukwa

Abstract: To evaluate the importance of morphological and chemical characters used in the recognition of species within the Parmelia omphalodes group, we performed phylogenetic, morphological and chemical analyses of 335 specimens, of which 34 were used for molecular analyses. Phylogenetic analyses, based on ITS rDNA sequences, show that P. pinnatifida is distinct from P. omphalodes and the most important difference between those species is the development of pseudocyphellae. In P. pinnatifida, they are mostly marginal and form white rims along lobes margins, but laminal pseudocyphellae can develop in older parts of thalli and are predominantly connected with marginal pseudocyphellae. In contrast, in P. omphalodes laminal pseudocyphellae are common and are predominantly not connected to marginal pseudocyphellae. Chemical composition of secondary lichen metabolites in both analysed species is identical and therefore this feature is not diagnostic in species recognition. Few samples of P. discordans, species morphologically similar to P. omphalodes and P. pinnatifida, were also included in the analyses and they are nested within the clade of P. omphalodes, despite the different chemistry (protocetraric acid present versus salazinic acid in P. omphalodes). All taxa of the P. omphalodes group occupy similar niches, but their potential distributions are wider than those currently known. The absence of specimens in some localities may be limited by the photobiont availability. Parmelia omphalodes and P. pinnatifida are moderately selective in photobiont choice as they form associations with at least two or three lineages of Trebouxia clade S. Parmelia pinnatifida, as well as P. discordans are associated with Trebouxia OTU S02 which seems to have a broad ecological amplitude. Other lineages of Trebouxia seem to be rarer, especially Trebouxia sp. OTU S04, which is sometimes present in P. pinnatifida. This study indicates the importance of extensive research including morphology, chemistry and analysis of molecular markers of both bionts in taxonomical studies of lichens.

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Research Article Wed, 11 Dec 2019 08:47:09 +0200
Neotypification of Protoparmeliopsis garovaglii and molecular evidence of its occurrence in Poland and South America https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/34501/ MycoKeys 57: 31-46

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.57.34501

Authors: Katarzyna Szczepańska, Pamela Rodriguez-Flakus, Jacek Urbaniak, Lucyna Śliwa

Abstract: Protoparmeliopsis garovaglii is a widely distributed placodioid lichen, which develops a distinctly rosette thallus, composed of elongated and strongly inflated to sinuous-plicate lobes. The taxon is characterised by high morphological plasticity and varied composition of secondary metabolites. However, the epithet was never typified. As such, the identity of P. garovaglii, in its strict sense, was unknown for a long time. Our phylogenetic ITS rDNA analyses, including newly generated sequences, show that European (Austria, Poland), North American (USA) and South American (Bolivia, Peru) specimens of P. garovaglii are placed in a strongly supported monophyletic clade, sister to P. muralis. We provide the first molecular evidence of the occurrence of P. garovaglii in South America (Bolivia and Peru) and the second record in Central Europe (Poland) was also provided. Furthermore, we neotypify P. garovaglii and it is reported here for the first time from Poland.

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Research Article Thu, 1 Aug 2019 10:07:23 +0300
Understanding the evolution of phenotypical characters in the Micarea prasina group (Pilocarpaceae) and descriptions of six new species within the group https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/33267/ MycoKeys 57: 1-30

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.57.33267

Authors: Beata Guzow-Krzemińska, Emmanuël Sérusiaux, Pieter P. G. van den Boom, A. Maarten Brand, Annina Launis, Anna Łubek, Martin Kukwa

Abstract: Six new Micarea species are described from Europe. Phylogenetic analyses, based on three loci, i.e. mtSSU rDNA, Mcm7 and ITS rDNA and ancestral state reconstructions, were used to evaluate infra-group divisions and the role of secondary metabolites and selected morphological characters on the taxonomy in the M. prasina group. Two main lineages were found within the group. The Micarea micrococca clade consists of twelve species, including the long-known M. micrococca and the newly described M. microsorediata, M. nigra and M. pauli. Within this clade, most species produce methoxymicareic acid, with the exceptions of M. levicula and M. viridileprosa producing gyrophoric acid. The M. prasina clade includes the newly described M. azorica closely related to M. prasina s.str., M. aeruginoprasina sp. nov. and M. isidioprasina sp. nov. The species within this clade are characterised by the production of micareic acid, with the exception of M. herbarum which lacks any detectable substances and M. subviridescens that produces prasinic acid. Based on our reconstructions, it was concluded that the ancestor of the M. prasina group probably had a thallus consisting of goniocysts, which were lost several times during evolution, while isidia and soredia evolved independently at multiple times. Our research supported the view that the ancestor of M. prasina group did not produce any secondary substances, but they were gained independently in different lineages, such as methoxymicareic acid which is restricted to M. micrococca and allied species or micareic acid present in the M. prasina clade.

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Research Article Wed, 31 Jul 2019 09:35:11 +0300
Phylogenetic placement of Lepraria cryptovouauxii sp. nov. (Lecanorales, Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota) with notes on other Lepraria species from South America https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/33508/ MycoKeys 53: 1-22

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.53.33508

Authors: Beata Guzow-Krzemińska, Agnieszka Jabłońska, Adam Flakus, Pamela Rodriguez-Flakus, Magdalena Kosecka, Martin Kukwa

Abstract: Lepraria cryptovouauxii is described as a new semicryptic species similar to L. vouauxii, from which it differs geographically (South America) and phylogenetically; both species differ in nucleotide position characters in nucITS barcoding marker. Lepraria harrisiana is reported as new to South America and L. nothofagi as new to Antarctica, Bolivia, and Peru. Lepraria incana (South American records are referred to L. aff. hodkinsoniana) and L. vouauxii (most South American records are referred to L. cryptovouauxii) should be excluded at least temporarily from the lichen list of South America. All records previously referred to as L. alpina from Bolivia and Peru belong to L. nothofagi. Most of Bolivian records of L. pallida belong to L. harrisiana. Lepraria borealis and L. caesioalba should be included in L. neglecta. Lepraria achariana, L. impossibilis, and L. sipmaniana are sequenced for the first time.

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Research Article Mon, 20 May 2019 15:51:50 +0300
New species and records of Pyxine (Caliciaceae) in China https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/29374/ MycoKeys 45: 93-109

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.45.29374

Authors: Mei-Xia Yang, Xin-Yu Wang, Dong Liu, Yan-Yun Zhang, Li-Juan Li, An-Cheng Yin, Christoph Scheidegger, Li-Song Wang

Abstract: In this study, the diversity of Pyxine Fr. in China was assessed based on morphological and chemical traits and molecular data are inferred from ITS and mtSSU sequences. Nineteen species were recognised, including three that are new to science (i.e. P. flavicans M. X. Yang & Li S. Wang, P. hengduanensis M. X. Yang & Li S. Wang and P. yunnanensis M. X. Yang & Li S. Wang) and three records new to China were found (i.e. P. cognata Stirt., P. himalayensis Awas. and P. minuta Vain.). Pyxine yunnanensis is diagnosed by the small size of the apothecia, a white medulla of the stipe and the presence of lichexanthone. Pyxine flavicans is characterised by broad lobes, a pale yellow medulla of the stipe and the presence of atranorin. Pyxine hengduanensis can be distinguished by its pale yellow medulla, marginal labriform soralia and the absence of atranorin. Detailed descriptions of each new species are presented, along with a key to the known species of Pyxine in China.

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Research Article Tue, 29 Jan 2019 13:15:09 +0200
A new species of the lichenised genus Anamylopsora (Baeomycetaceae, Baeomycetales) from Tengger Desert of China https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/28168/ MycoKeys 41: 107-118

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.41.28168

Authors: Ya-Bo Zuo, Da-Le Liu, Cui-Xin Li, Yu-Hui Chen, Xin-Li Wei

Abstract: The monotypic lichenised genus Anamylopsora (Baeomycetaceae, Baeomycetales), with its single species A. pulcherrima, is distributed in the arid areas of the Northern Hemisphere, including China. In this paper, we introduce another species new to science, Anamylopsora pruinosa. The new species is characterised by a densely pruinose upper surface, abundantly thick and strong rhizines and terricolous habitat. It is also strongly supported by the phylogenetic and species delimitation analyses based on nrDNA ITS sequences, in which A. pruinosa forms well-supported clade separated from A. pulcherrima.

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Research Article Mon, 5 Nov 2018 15:12:35 +0200
Phylogenetic study and taxonomic revision of the Xanthoparmelia mexicana group, including the description of a new species (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota) https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/26724/ MycoKeys 40: 13-28

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.40.26724

Authors: Alejandrina Barcenas-Peña, Steven D. Leavitt, Jen-Pan Huang, Felix Grewe, H. Thorsten Lumbsch

Abstract: Xanthoparmelia (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota) is the most species-rich genus of lichen-forming fungi. Species boundaries are based on morphological and chemical features, varying reproductive strategies and, more recently, molecular sequence data. The isidiate Xanthoparmelia mexicana group is common in arid regions of North and Central America and includes a range of morphological variation and variable secondary metabolites – salazinic or stictic acids mainly. In order to better understand the evolutionary history of this group and potential taxonomic implications, a molecular phylogeny representing 58 ingroup samples was reconstructed using four loci, including ITS, mtSSU, nuLSU rDNA and MCM7. Results indicate the existence of multiple, distinct lineages phenotypically agreeing with X. mexicana. One of these isidiate, salazinic acid-containing lineages is described here as a new species, X. pedregalensis sp. nov., including populations from xerophytic scrub vegetation in Pedregal de San Angel, Mexico City. X. mexicana s. str. is less isidiate than X. pedregalensis and has salazinic and consalazinic acid, occasionally with norstictic acid; whereas X. pedregalensis contains salazinic and norstictic acids and an unknown substance. Samples from the Old World, morphologically agreeing with X. mexicana, are only distantly related to X. mexicana s. str. Our results indicate that X. mexicana is likely less common than previously assumed and ongoing taxonomic revisions are required for isidiate Xanthoparmelia species.

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Research Article Tue, 18 Sep 2018 09:59:56 +0300
A new species of Lecidea (Lecanorales, Ascomycota) from Pakistan https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/26960/ MycoKeys 38: 25-34

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.38.26960

Authors: Memoona Khan, Abdul Nasir Khalid, H. Thorsten Lumbsch

Abstract: We describe here a new species, Lecidea aptrootii, in Lecidea sensu stricto from Swat Valley, Pakistan. It is most similar to L. fuscoatra in having an areolate thallus and black, lecideine apothecia with a persistent margin. However, L. aptrootii can be readily distinguished by having smaller ascospores (average length 8-10 µm). In phylogenetic analyses, using ITS and nuLSU rDNA sequences, L. aptrootii forms a sister-group relationship to L. grisella, which differs in having a rimose thallus.

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Research Article Tue, 7 Aug 2018 09:00:22 +0300
Architrypethelium murisporum (Ascomycota, Trypetheliaceae), a remarkable new lichen species from Thailand challenging ascospore septation as an indicator of phylogenetic relationships https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/23836/ MycoKeys 34: 25-34

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.34.23836

Authors: Theerapat Luangsuphabool, H. Thorsten Lumbsch, Jittra Piapukiew, Ek Sangvichien

Abstract: Architrypethelium murisporum Luangsuphabool, Lumbsch & Sangvichien is described for a crustose lichen occurring in dry evergreen forest in Thailand. It is characterised by a green to yellow-green corticated thallus, perithecia fused in black pseudostromata with white rim surrounding the ostiole and small, hyaline and muriform ascospores. Currently, all species in the genus Architrypethelium have transversely septate ascospores, hence the discovery of this new species indicates that ascospore septation is variable within the genus, similar to numerous other groups of lichen-forming ascomycetes. Phylogenetic analyses of two loci (mtSSU and nuLSU) supported the position of the new species within Architrypethelium. This is the first report of the genus in Southeast Asia.

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Research Article Thu, 10 May 2018 09:05:34 +0300
An updated checklist of the lichens of St. Eustatius, Netherlands Antilles https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/23911/ MycoKeys 33: 69-84

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.33.23911

Authors: Andre Aptroot, Michael Stech

Abstract: In the course of a multi-taxon biodiversity inventory for the island of St. Eustatius, lichens were collected from 11 plots representing different vegetation types. From these collections, 126 lichen species are reported, 54 of which are new reports for St. Eustatius. Most species could be identified to species level based on morphological and chemical characters. In a few cases, mtSSU DNA sequences were generated for a preliminary molecular identification and future phylogenetic studies. In total, 263 identified lichen species are currently known from St. Eustatius, as well as some additional genera with yet unidentified species and lichenicolous fungi.

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Checklist Tue, 3 Apr 2018 09:42:10 +0300
The lichens of the Alps – an annotated checklist https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/23568/ MycoKeys 31: 1-634

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.31.23568

Authors: Pier Luigi Nimis, Josef Hafellner, Claude Roux, Philippe Clerc, Helmut Mayrhofer, Stefano Martellos, Peter O. Bilovitz

Abstract: This is the first attempt to provide an overview of the lichen diversity of the Alps, one of the biogegraphically most important and emblematic mountain systems worldwide. The checklist includes all lichenised species, plus a set of non- or doubtfully lichenised taxa frequently treated by lichenologists, excluding non-lichenised lichenicolous fungi. Largely based on recent national or regional checklists, it provides a list of all infrageneric taxa (with synonyms) hitherto reported from the Alps, with data on their distribution in eight countries (Austria, France, Germany, Liechtenstein, Monaco, Italy, Slovenia, Switzerland) and in 42 Operational Geographic Units, mostly corresponding to administrative subdivisions within the countries. Data on the main substrates and on the altitudinal distribution are also provided. A short note points to the main ecological requirements of each taxon and/or to open taxonomic problems. Particularly poorly known taxa are flagged and often provided with a short description, to attract the attention of specialists. The total number of infrageneric taxa is 3,163, including 117 non- or doubtfully lichenised taxa. The richness of the lichen biota fairly well corresponds with the percent of the Alpine area occupied by each country: Austria (2,337 taxa), Italy (2,169), France (2,028), Switzerland (1,835), Germany (1,168), Slovenia (890) and Lichtenstein (152), no lichen having ever been reported from Monaco. The number of poorly known taxa is quite high (604, 19.1% of the total), which indicates that, in spite of the Alps being one of the lichenologically most studied mountain systems worldwide, much work is still needed to reach a satisfactory picture of their real lichen diversity. Thirteen new combinations are proposed in the genera Agonimia, Aspicilia, Bagliettoa, Bellemerea, Carbonea, Lepra, Miriquidica, Polysporina, Protothelenella, Pseudosagedia and Thelidium.

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Monograph Mon, 12 Mar 2018 16:18:01 +0200
New light on names and naming of dark taxa https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/24376/ MycoKeys 30: 31-39

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.30.24376

Authors: Martin Ryberg, R. Henrik Nilsson

Abstract: A growing proportion of fungal species and lineages are known only from sequence data and cannot be linked to any physical specimen or resolved taxonomic name. Such fungi are often referred to as “dark taxa” or “dark matter fungi”. As they lack a taxonomic identity in the form of a name, they are regularly ignored in many important contexts, for example in legalisation and species counts. It is therefore very urgent to find a system to also deal with these fungi. Here, issues relating to the taxonomy and nomenclature of dark taxa are discussed and a number of questions that the mycological community needs to consider before deciding on what system/s to implement are highlighted.

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Commentary Fri, 23 Feb 2018 15:40:32 +0200
Xylopsora canopeorum (Umbilicariaceae), a new lichen species from the canopy of Sequoia sempervirens https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/22271/ MycoKeys 30: 1-15

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.30.22271

Authors: Mika Bendiksby, Rikke Reese Næsborg, Einar Timdal

Abstract: Xylopsora canopeorum Timdal, Reese Næsborg & Bendiksby is described as a new species occupying the crowns of large Sequoia sempervirens trees in California, USA. The new species is supported by morphology, anatomy, secondary chemistry and DNA sequence data. While similar in external appearance to X. friesii, it is distinguished by forming smaller, partly coralloid squamules, by the occurrence of soralia and, in some specimens, by the presence of thamnolic acid in addition to friesiic acid in the thallus. Molecular phylogenetic results are based on nuclear (ITS and LSU) as well as mitochondrial (SSU) ribosomal DNA sequence alignments. Phylogenetic hypotheses obtained using Bayesian Inference, Maximum Likelihood and Maximum Parsimony all support X. canopeorum as a distinct evolutionary lineage belonging to the X. caradocensis–X. friesii clade.

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Research Article Wed, 31 Jan 2018 17:50:01 +0200
A new checklist of lichenized fungi occurring in Thailand https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/12666/ MycoKeys 23: 1-91

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.23.12666

Authors: Kawinnat Buaruang, Kansri Boonpragob, Pachara Mongkolsuk, Ek Sangvichien, Kajohnsak Vongshewarat, Wetchasart Polyiam, Achariya Rangsiruji, Wanaruk Saipunkaew, Khwanruan Naksuwankul, Jutarat Kalb, Sittiporn Parnmen, Ekaphan Kraichak, Phimpisa Phraphuchamnong, Sanya Meesim, Theerapat Luangsuphabool, Phimpha Nirongbut, Vasun Poengsungnoen, Natwida Duangphui, Mattika Sodamuk, Supatra Phokaeo, Muthita Molsil, André Aptroot, Klaus Kalb, Robert Luecking, Thorsten Lumbsch

Abstract: A new revised checklist of lichenized fungi in Thailand is presented, including 1,292 species. Recent work on the taxonomy of these organisms in Thailand resulted in an enormous increase in our knowledge of the lichen biota of the country – the current checklist includes more than twice as many species as the previous catalogue published 15 years ago – and phylogenetic studies resulted in numerous changes in the generic classification of lichenized fungi. Hence, a new checklist is here presented summarizing the current knowledge of lichens in Thailand. Six new records are reported, viz. Acanthothecis salazinica, Bactrospora metabola, Buellia parastata, Diploschistes cinereocaesius, Rolfidium coccocarpioides, and Trapelia placodioides. Five previously recorded species, namely Lecanora carpinea, Platismatia glauca, P. lacunosa, P. tuckermanii and Roccella phycopsis are shown to be based on misidentifications and are excluded from the checklist. Three new combinations of species previously placed in Pertusaria to Lepra are proposed: L. bulolensis (A.W.Archer, Elix & Streimann) Schmitt & Lumbsch, L. patellifera (A.W.Archer) Schmitt & Lumbsch, and L. subventosa (Malme) Schmitt & Lumbsch. Asia, biodiversity, lichens, new records, taxonomy

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Checklist Fri, 9 Jun 2017 11:59:38 +0300
Kalbionora palaeotropica, a new genus and species from coastal forests in Southeast Asia and Australia (Malmideaceae, Ascomycota) https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/12528/ MycoKeys 22: 15-25

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.22.12528

Authors: Mattika Sodamuk, Kansri Boonpragob, Pachara Mongkolsuk, Anders Tehler, Steven D. Leavitt, H. Thorsten Lumbsch

Abstract: A new species and genus, Kalbionora palaeotropica, is described for a crustose lichen occurring in coastal forests in Thailand, Vietnam, and northeastern Australia. It is morphologically similar to Malmidea and Eugeniella, but differing in morphological and chemical characters. The single known species in the new genus contains atranorin, zeorin, the stictic acid chemosyndrome and chlorinated xanthones. Morphologically it is characterized by having asci of the Catillaria-type, a yellowish brown colour, a granulose epihymenium, dark brown hypothecium, hyaline, 1–3 transversely septate ascospores. Molecular data strongly support a phylogenetic position in Malmideaceae, sister to a clade including Malmidea, Savoronala and two species currently placed in Lecidea s. lat. (including L. cyrtidia and L. plebeja).

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Research Article Tue, 2 May 2017 14:01:08 +0300
Psora taurensis (Psoraceae, Lecanorales), a new lichen species from Turkey https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/11726/ MycoKeys 21: 1-12

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.21.11726

Authors: Einar Timdal, Mika Bendiksby, Arife Merve Kahraman, Mehmet Gökhan Halıcı

Abstract: Herein we describe the new species, Psora taurensis, from two localities in the Taurus Mountains in Turkey at ca. 1000 m altitude. Investigations of anatomy, secondary chemistry and DNA sequences (ITS and mtSSU) of P. taurensis and presumed close relatives suggest that P. taurensis is a distinct evolutionary lineage with P. tenuifolia as its sister, although it is morphologically more similar to P. russellii and P. vallesiaca.

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Research Article Wed, 22 Mar 2017 12:07:34 +0200
Two new species of Strigula (lichenised Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota) from China, with a key to the Chinese foliicolous species https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/11174/ MycoKeys 19: 31-42

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.19.11174

Authors: Shu-Hua Jiang, Xin-Li Wei, Jiang-Chun Wei

Abstract: Strigula has traditionally been circumscribed based on morphology, but species delimitation in the genus generally lacks comprehensive analyses. A molecular approach has now been applied to foliicolous material of the genus from tropical areas in China. On the basis of combined phenotyic and genotypic data, two new species are described from southern China: S. acuticonidiarum and S. guangxiensis.

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Research Article Wed, 25 Jan 2017 10:43:59 +0200
Five new species of Graphidaceae (Ascomycota, Ostropales) from Thailand https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/10512/ MycoKeys 17: 47-63

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.17.10512

Authors: Khwanyuruan Naksuwankul, Ekaphan Kraichak, Sittiporn Parnmen, Robert Lücking, H. Thorsten Lumbsch

Abstract: Five new species of Graphidaceae are described from Thailand. Molecular evidence and phenotypical characters support their independent status from related and similar species. Glaucotrema thailandicum Naksuwankul, Lücking & Lumbsch is unique within the genus in having submuriform ascospores. Ocellularia klinhomii Naksuwankul, Lücking & Lumbsch is characterized by having a whitish gray, rimose thallus with ascomata in verrucae and surrounded by a black ring and lack of secondary metabolites. Ocellularia phatamensis Naksuwankul, Parnmen & Lumbsch has a grayish, thick and rimose thallus, differing from O. klinhomii in lacking a dark apothecial rim and having ascomata that are not immersed in verrucae. Ocellularia thailandica Naksuwankul, Kraichak & Lumbsch differs from O. albocincta in lacking a columella. Ocellularia rotundifumosa Naksuwankul, Lücking & Lumbsch differs from O. fumosa in having ascospores with rounded ends. An epitype for O. krathingensis is selected.

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Research Article Thu, 8 Dec 2016 12:41:27 +0200
Phylogenetic studies uncover a predominantly African lineage in a widely distributed lichen-forming fungal species https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/8971/ MycoKeys 14: 1-16

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.14.8971

Authors: Paul M. Kirika, Pradeep K. Divakar, Ana Crespo, George Mugambi, Elizabeth A. Orock, Steven D. Leavitt, Grace W. Gatheri, H. Thorsten Lumbsch

Abstract: A number of lichen-forming fungal species are widely distributed. Here, we investigate biogeographic patterns in a widely distributed isidiate taxon – Parmelinella wallichiana – using molecular sequence data. Our results revealed that Parmelinella wallichina, as currently circumscribed, is not monophyletic but falls into four clades, two of them represented by a sample only. A third clade, occurring in Africa and southern India is described as a new species, Parmelinella schimperiana Kirika & Divakar, sp. nov. Our study adds a further example of previously overlooked, geographically distinct, lineages that were discovered using molecular data.

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Research Article Wed, 15 Jun 2016 10:47:12 +0300
Psora altotibetica (Psoraceae, Lecanorales), a new lichen species from the Tibetan part of the Himalayas https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/8824/ MycoKeys 13: 35-48

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.13.8824

Authors: Einar Timdal, Walter Obermayer, Mika Bendiksby

Abstract: In the present study, we describe the new species, Psora altotibetica, from nine localities in China (Tibetan area) and Nepal. The study includes analyses of anatomy, secondary chemistry, and DNA sequence data of P. altotibetica and presumed close relatives. Psora altotibetica resembles P. indigirkae morphologically, but is phylogenetically closer to P. tenuifolia and P. vallesiaca. It differs from P. indigirkae in the colour of the apothecia, the size of the ascospores, and in the secondary chemistry. The species is terricolous and was collected in the alpine zone of the Great Himalayas between 4230 and 5000 m altitude. Psora tenuifolia and P. vallesiaca are here reported as new to China and the Himalayas.

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Research Article Fri, 13 May 2016 09:57:35 +0300
New records of lichenized and lichenicolous fungi in Scandinavia https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/6670/ MycoKeys 11: 33-61

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.11.6670

Authors: Martin Westberg, Einar Timdal, Johan Asplund, Mika Bendiksby, Reidar Haugan, Fredrik Jonsson, Per Larsson, Göran Odelvik, Mats Wedin, Ana M. Millanes

Abstract: Fourteen species of lichenized or lichenicolous fungi are reported new to either Norway or Sweden or both countries. Several of these are rare and almost unknown. The reported species are: Acarospora insignis (new to Norway), A. pyrenopsoides (Norway, Sweden), A. versicolor (Norway), Calvitimela perlata (Sweden), Lecidea degeliana (Sweden), Nephroma helveticum (Sweden), Peltula placodizans (Norway), Phacographa protoparmeliae (Norway), Rhizocarpon pycnocarpoides (Norway, Sweden), Sarcogyne algoviae (Sweden), Sarcogyne hypophaeoides (Norway, Sweden), Tephromela grumosa (Norway), Tremella lobariacearum (Norway) and Tremella wirthii (Sweden). In addition Cladonia albonigra is confirmed from Sweden. Sarcogyne hypophaeoides is lectotypified and is also reported new to Austria.

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Research Article Fri, 13 Nov 2015 01:22:04 +0200
LIAS light – Towards the ten thousand species milestone https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/1203/ MycoKeys 8: 11-16

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.8.6605

Authors: Gerhard Rambold, John A. Elix, Bärbel Heindl-Tenhunen, Thomas Köhler, Thomas H. Nash III, Dieter Neubacher, Wolfgang Reichert, Luciana Zedda, Dagmar Triebel

Abstract: Over the past 12 years, the lichen trait database LIAS light as a component of the LIAS information system, has grown to a considerable pool of descriptive data based on 71 different qualitative, quantitative, and text characters, for nearly 10.000 lichen taxa, being phylogenetically arranged according to the MycoNet classification. It includes information on morphological, ecological and chemical traits. Multilinguality or internationalization options have become a central challenge of the project. At present, 18 language versions of the database and web interface exist. LIAS light data are accessible in DELTA format and to be used locally and web browser-based, via NaviKey applet.

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Review Article Fri, 10 Jan 2014 00:00:00 +0200
DNA barcode identification of lichen-forming fungal species in the Rhizoplaca melanophthalma species-complex (Lecanorales, Lecanoraceae), including five new species https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/1201/ MycoKeys 7: 1-22

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.7.4508

Authors: Steven Leavitt, Fernando Fernández-Mendoza, Sergio Pérez-Ortega, Mohammad Sohrabi, Pradeep Divakar, Thorsten Lumbsch, Larry St. Clair

Abstract: Recent studies using sequence data from multiple loci and coalescent-based species delimitation have revealed several species-level lineages within the phenotypically circumscribed taxon Rhizoplaca melanophthalma sensu lato. Here, we formally describe five new species within this group, R. occulta, R. parilis, R. polymorpha, R. porterii, and R. shushanii, using support from the coalescent-based species delimitation method implemented in the program Bayesian Phylogenetics and Phylogeography (BPP) as the diagnostic feature distinguishing new species. We provide a reference DNA sequence database using the ITS marker as a DNA barcode for identifying species within this complex. We also assessed intraspecific genetic distances within the six R. melanophthalma sensu lato species. While intraspecific genetic distances within the five new species were less than or equal to the lowest interspecific pairwise comparison values, an overlap in genetic distances within the R. melanophthalma sensu stricto clade suggests the potential for additional phenotypically cryptic lineages within this broadly distributed lineage. Overall, our results demonstrate the potential for accurately identifying species within the R. melanophthalma group by using molecular-based identification methods.

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Research Article Thu, 9 May 2013 00:00:00 +0300
A molecular phylogeny of Graphidaceae (Ascomycota, Lecanoromycetes, Ostropales) including 428 species https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/1194/ MycoKeys 6: 55-94

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.6.3482

Authors: Eimy Rivas Plata, Sittiporn Parnmen, Bettina Staiger, Armin Mangold, Andreas Frisch, Gothamie Weerakoon, Jesus Hernandez, Marcela Caceres, Klaus Kalb, Harrie Sipman, Ralph Common, Matthew Nelsen, Robert Luecking, Thorsten Lumbsch

Abstract: We present a comprehensive molecular phylogeny of the lichen family Graphidaceae (subfamilies Graphidoideae and Fissurinoideae) based on partial sequences of the mtSSU, nuLSU rDNA, and RPB2 loci. The phylogeny includes all currently available sequences in Genbank plus 897 newly generated sequences, from a total of 908 ingroup OTUs representing 428 species. The phylogeny supports the synomymy of Graphidaceae and Thelotremataceae and confirms that rounded and lirellate ascomata evolved multiple times in unrelated clades within the family. The phylogenetic distinctiveness of Fissurinoideae versus Graphidoideae is also supported in our extended taxon sampling. The three-gene phylogeny suggest that in addition to the three tribes previously established for the major clades within subfamily Graphidoideae, several further clades exist that might represent additional tribes. Specifically, the Leptotrema clade is excluded from tribe Ocellularieae and the Carbacanthographis, Heiomasia, Topeliopsis, and Wirthiotrema clades are excluded from tribe Thelotremateae. The phylogenetic position of these clades remains unresolved but they are not supported as belonging to these larger tribes. Based on the results, the current status and problems are discussed for all clades and genera currently accepted within the family.

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Research Article Tue, 23 Apr 2013 00:00:00 +0300
Biogeography and ecology of Cetraria aculeata, a widely distributed lichen with a bipolar distribution https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/1195/ MycoKeys 6: 33-53

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.6.3185

Authors: Christian Printzen, Stephanie Domaschke, Fernando Fernández-Mendoza, Sergiо Pérez-Ortega

Abstract: Ecological and historical biogeography of lichens have rarely been studied in a concerted effort, but both aspects have to be taken into consideration when explaining the distributional patterns of species. This review summarizes, partly preliminary, results from a series of studies on phylogeography, ecophysiology and symbiotic interactions of the lichen Cetraria aculeata. This species is not only widespread but also occupies a very wide ecological niche. Evidence suggests that Cetraria aculeata has evolved and diversified in the Northern Hemisphere and colonised the Southern Hemisphere from there. Genetic isolation of populations indicates the absence of ongoing long range dispersal and genetic exchange between geographically isolated populations. We observe a hitherto unrecognized genetic diversity that may indicate ecotypic differentiation and speciation processes. Mediterranean and Polar populations differ not only genetically, but also in ecophysiological properties. Ongoing common garden experiments will have to show whether genetically fixed adaptation or acclimation is responsible for these differences. The genetic structure of the photobiont is best explained by climatic differences between localities, but co-dispersal with the mycobiont plays an important role as well. Taken together, these results indicate that a photobiont switch in the past enabled C. aculeata to widen its ecological niche, with subsequent genetic isolation of populations. Photobiont switches may play a crucial role in speciation processes of lichens. A combination of ecophysiological and phylogeographic studies with experimental approaches is necessary to better understand the reaction of lichens to changing environmental conditions.

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Review Article Tue, 23 Apr 2013 00:00:00 +0300
Molecular studies on cyanobacterial diversity in lichen symbioses https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/1196/ MycoKeys 6: 3-32

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.6.3869

Authors: Jouko Rikkinen

Abstract: Symbioses between cyanobacteria and lichen-forming fungi occur worldwide in a wide range of terrestrial environments, ranging from tropical rainforests to hot and cold deserts. The evolutionary success of these symbioses is evident from the wide range of fungal groups that have established associations with cyanobacteria. The diversity of symbiotic cyanobacteria is also high, and it is obvious that symbioses between different cyanobacteria and different lichen-forming fungi have evolved on multiple occasions. From the late 1990s cyanobacterial lichens have been the subject of a steadily increasing number of molecular investigations. This chronological review examines how these studies have contributed to present knowledge and highlights some conceptual developments that have been instrumental in the process.

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Review Article Tue, 23 Apr 2013 00:00:00 +0300
Lichens: from genome to ecosystems in a changing world https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/1197/ MycoKeys 6: 1-2

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.6.4829

Authors: Kansri Boonpragob, Peter Crittenden, Thorsten Lumbsch

Abstract: N/A

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Editorial Tue, 23 Apr 2013 00:00:00 +0300
An appraisal of megascience platforms for biodiversity information https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/1190/ MycoKeys 5: 45-63

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.5.4302

Authors: Dagmar Triebel, Gregor Hagedorn, Gerhard Rambold

Abstract: The megascience platforms Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL), Catalogue of Life (CoL), Encyclopedia of Life (EOL), Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), International Barcode of Life (iBOL), International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration (INSDC) and JSTOR Plant Science, all belong to a group of global players that harvest, process, repurpose and provide biodiversity data on all kinds of organisms. Each of these platforms primarily focus on one data domain, for instance, taxonomy and classification, occurrence, morphology, ecology, and molecular data.The present contribution describes aspects of processing and provision of biological research data on these platforms, focusing on the technical implementation of data exchange, copyright issues, and data sharing policies as well as their implications for data custodians, owners, providers, and publishers. With the exception of JSTOR Plant Science, most international initiatives seek long-term business models and funding mechanisms to provide online data openly and free of charge. For example, currently GBIF depends on governmental commitments for its funding, and CoL is financed by EU or national grants, as well as being based on Species 2000, a British non-for-profit company, and ITIS. These business models are compared with that of JSTOR Plant Science, the commercial portal of the Global Plant Initiative (GPI). All initiatives currently meet challenges of sustainability with regard to data curation as well as software development for maintaining the complexity of their services. All platforms discussed here also harvest and provide mycological and lichenological research data.

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Research Article Fri, 28 Dec 2012 00:00:00 +0200
Molecular data support placement of Cameronia in Ostropomycetidae (Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota) https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/1191/ MycoKeys 5: 31-44

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.5.4140

Authors: Thorsten Lumbsch, Gintaras Kantvilas, Sittiporn Parnmen

Abstract: The phylogenetic position of the Tasmanian endemic genus Cameronia Kantvilas is studied using partial sequences of nuclear LSU and mitochondrial SSU ribosomal DNA. Monophyly of the genus is supported, as is its placement in Ostropomycetidae, although its position within this subclass remains uncertain. Given the lack of close relatives to Cameronia and its morphological differences compared to other families with perithecioid ascomata in Ostropomycetidae, the new family Cameroniaceae Kantvilas & Lumbsch is proposed.

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Research Article Fri, 30 Nov 2012 00:00:00 +0200
A review of the genus Bulbothrix Hale: the species with medullary salazinic acid lacking vegetative propagules https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/1192/ MycoKeys 5: 1-30

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.5.3342

Authors: Michel Benatti

Abstract: Descriptions are presented for the seven known Bulbothrix (Parmeliaceae, Lichenized Fungi) species with salazinic acid in the medulla and without vegetative propagules. Bulbothrix continua, previously considered as a synonym of B. hypocraea, is recognized as independent species. The current delimitations are confirmed for B. enormis, B. hypocraea, B. meizospora, B. linteolocarpa, B. sensibilis, and B. setschwanensis. New characteriscs and range extensions are provided.

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Research Article Wed, 31 Oct 2012 00:00:00 +0200
Five simple guidelines for establishing basic authenticity and reliability of newly generated fungal ITS sequences https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/1186/ MycoKeys 4: 37-63

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.4.3606

Authors: R. Henrik Nilsson, Leho Tedersoo, Kessy Abarenkov, Martin Ryberg, Erik Kristiansson, Martin Hartmann, Conrad L. Schoch, Johan A. A. Nylander, Johannes Bergsten, Teresita M. Porter, Ari Jumpponen, Parag Vaishampayan, Otso Ovaskainen, Nils Hallenberg, Johan Bengtsson-Palme, K. Martin Eriksson, Karl-Henrik Larsson, Ellen Larsson, Urmas Kõljalg

Abstract: Molecular data form an important research tool in most branches of mycology. A non-trivial proportion of the public fungal DNA sequences are, however, compromised in terms of quality and reliability, contributing noise and bias to sequence-borne inferences such as phylogenetic analysis, diversity assessment, and barcoding. In this paper we discuss various aspects and pitfalls of sequence quality assessment. Based on our observations, we provide a set of guidelines to assist in manual quality management of newly generated, near-full-length (Sanger-derived) fungal ITS sequences and to some extent also sequences of shorter read lengths, other genes or markers, and groups of organisms. The guidelines are intentionally non-technical and do not require substantial bioinformatics skills or significant computational power. Despite their simple nature, we feel they would have caught the vast majority of the severely compromised ITS sequences in the public corpus. Our guidelines are nevertheless not infallible, and common sense and intuition remain important elements in the pursuit of compromised sequence data. The guidelines focus on basic sequence authenticity and reliability of the newly generated sequences, and the user may want to consider additional resources and steps to accomplish the best possible quality control. A discussion on the technical resources for further sequence quality management is therefore provided in the supplementary material.

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Research Article Wed, 5 Sep 2012 00:00:00 +0300
A new circumscription of the genus Varicellaria (Pertusariales, Ascomycota) https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/1187/ MycoKeys 4: 23-36

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.4.3545

Authors: Imke Schmitt, Juergen Otte, Sittiporn Parnmen, Anna Sadowska-Deś, Robert Luecking, Thorsten Lumbsch

Abstract: The lichen-forming genus Pertusaria under its current circumscription is polyphyletic and its phylogenetic affiliations are uncertain. Here we study the species of the genera Pertusaria and Varicellaria which contain lecanoric acid as major constituent, have disciform apothecia, strongly amyloid asci, non-amyloid hymenial gel, 1-2-spored asci, and 1- or 2-celled ascospores with thick, 1-layered walls. We infer phylogenetic relationships using maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses based on four molecular loci (mtSSU, nuLSU rDNA, and the protein-coding, nuclear RPB1 and MCM7 genes). Our results show that the lecanoric acid-containing species form a well-supported, monophyletic group, which is only distantly related to Pertusaria s.str. The phylogenetic position of this clade is unclear, but placement in Pertusaria s.str. is rejected using alternative hypothesis testing. The circumscription of the genus Varicellaria is enlarged to also include species with non-septate ascospores. Seven species are accepted in the genus: Varicellaria culbersonii (Vězda) Schmitt & Lumbsch, comb. nov., V. hemisphaerica (Flörke) Schmitt & Lumbsch, comb. nov., V. kasandjeffii (Szatala) Schmitt & Lumbsch, comb. nov., V. lactea (L.) Schmitt & Lumbsch, comb. nov., V. philippina (Vain.) Schmitt & Lumbsch, comb. nov., V. rhodocarpa (Körb.) Th. Fr., and V. velata (Turner) Schmitt & Lumbsch, comb. nov. A key to the species of Varicellaria is provided.

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Research Article Wed, 8 Aug 2012 00:00:00 +0300
A further new species in the lichen genus Arctomia: A. borbonica from Reunion (Mascarene archipelago) https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/1188/ MycoKeys 4: 9-21

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.4.2809

Authors: Nicolas Magain, Emmanuël Sérusiaux

Abstract: Arctomia borbonica sp. nov. is described as new for science from montane natural and secondary habitats in Reunion, in the Mascarene archipelago (Indian Ocean). It has a sterile, foliose, usually wrinkled, thallus whose margins produce goniocysts that disintegrate into a soredioid margin; it looks like a Leptogium species. Its phylogenetic position in the Arctomiaceae (Ostropomycetidae, Ascomycota) has been determined with 3 genes (nuLSU, mtSSU, RPB1) inferences.

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Research Article Fri, 20 Jul 2012 00:00:00 +0300
Two new species of Lecanora sensu stricto (Lecanoraceae, Ascomycota) from east Africa https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/1182/ MycoKeys 3: 37-47

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.3.3201

Authors: Paul Kirika, Sittiporn Parnmen, Thorsten Lumbsch

Abstract: The new sorediate species Lecanora kenyana from Mount Kenya and L. orientoafricana from the Rift Valley in Kenya are described. L. kenyana has red-brown apothecia with a constricted base, a melacarpella–type amphithecium, pulicaris–type epihymenium, a hyaline hypothecium, and contains usnic acid as major constituent. L. orientoafricana is characterized bya dark hypothecium, pulicaris-type amphithecium, chlarotera-epihymenium, and contains atranorin and gangaleoidin. A phylogenetic analysis using maximum likelihood and a Bayesian approach based on DNA sequence data of mtSSU and ITS rDNA support that both new species belong to Lecanora sensu stricto and cluster with species containing usnic acid ora dark hypothecium, respectively.

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Research Article Thu, 10 May 2012 00:00:00 +0300
Five species of Candelaria and Candelariella (Ascomycota, Candelariales) new to Switzerland https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/1185/ MycoKeys 3: 1-12

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.3.2864

Authors: Martin Westberg, Philippe Clerc

Abstract: Candelaria pacifica, Candelariella antennaria, C. boleana, C. granuliformis and C. xanthostigmoides are reported from Switzerland for the first time. Candelariella xanthostigmoides is also new to Europe. Candelariella aggregata, C. efflorescens, C. subdeflexa and C. viae-lactea are confirmed to occur in Switzerland. Candelariella antennaria is also reported new to Austria. Brief notes on their identification, ecology and distribution in Switzerland are given.

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Research Article Fri, 30 Mar 2012 00:00:00 +0300
A review of the genus Bulbothrix Hale: the species with medullary norstictic or protocetraric acids https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/1181/ MycoKeys 2: 1-28

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.2.2522

Authors: Michel Benatti

Abstract: This study presents data of eight Bulbothrix (Parmeliaceae, Lichenized Fungi) species containing norstictic or protocetraric acid in the medulla. The current species delimitations were confirmed. New synonyms are proposed, new characteriscts are detailed and range extensions are added.

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Research Article Mon, 5 Mar 2012 00:00:00 +0200