Latest Articles from MycoKeys Latest 59 Articles from MycoKeys https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/ Thu, 28 Mar 2024 17:43:01 +0200 Pensoft FeedCreator https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/i/logo.jpg Latest Articles from MycoKeys https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/ Corrigendum: Hu H et al. (2023) Taxonomic and phylogenetic characterisations of six species of Pleosporales (in Didymosphaeriaceae, Roussoellaceae and Nigrogranaceae) from China. MycoKeys 100: 123–151. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.100.109423 https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/116896/ MycoKeys 102: 317-322

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.102.116896

Authors: Hongmin Hu, Minghui He, Youpeng Wu, Sihan Long, Xu Zhang, Lili Liu, Xiangchun Shen, Nalin N. Wijayawardene, Zebin Meng, Qingde Long, Jichuan Kang, Qirui Li

Abstract: Four new species, Xynobius azonius sp. nov., X. brevifemora sp. nov., X. duoferus sp. nov., and X. stipitoides sp. nov., are described and illustrated, and one species X. geniculatus (Thomson, 1895) is newly reported from South Korea. Xynobius geniculatus (Thomson, 1895) is redescribed and illustrated, and a new combination, Xynobius (Stigmatopoea) cubitalis (Fischer, 1959), comb. nov. is suggested. An identification key to the Xynobius species known from South Korea is provided.

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Corrigenda Thu, 7 Mar 2024 18:54:40 +0200
Two novel species of arctic-alpine lichen-forming fungi (Ascomycota, Megasporaceae) from the Deosai Plains, Pakistan https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/113310/ MycoKeys 102: 285-299

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.102.113310

Authors: Muhammad Usman, Paul S. Dyer, Matthias Brock, Christopher M. Wade, Abdul Nasir Khalid

Abstract: Members of the lichen-forming fungal genus Oxneriaria are known to occur in cold polar and high altitudinal environments. Two new species, Oxneriaria crittendenii and O. deosaiensis, are now described from the high altitude Deosai Plains, Pakistan, based on phenotypic, multigene phylogenetic and chemical evidence. Phenotypically, O. crittendenii is characterised by orbicular light-brown thalli 1.5–5 cm across, spot tests (K, C, KC) negative, apothecia pruinose, hymenium initially blue then dark orange in response to Lugol’s solution. Oxneriaria deosaiensis is characterised by irregular areolate grey thalli 1.5–2 cm across, K test (light brown), KC test (dark brown), apothecia epruinose, hymenium initially blue then dark blue in response to Lugol’s solution. Both species share the same characters of thalli with black margins and polarilocular ascospores. The closest previously reported species, O. pruinosa, differs from O. crittendenii and O. deosaiensis in having non-lobate margins, thin thalline exciple (45–80 μm thick), short asci (55–80 × 25–42 μm) and K positive (yellow) and KC negative tests and divergent DNA sequence in the ITS, LSU and mt SSU regions. The newly-described Oxneriaria species add to growing evidence of the Deosai Plains as a region of important arctic-alpine biodiversity.

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Research Article Fri, 1 Mar 2024 18:21:56 +0200
Morphology and multigene phylogeny reveal three new species of Distoseptispora (Distoseptisporales, Distoseptisporaceae) on palms (Arecaceae) from peatswamp areas in southern Thailand https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/112815/ MycoKeys 102: 55-81

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.102.112815

Authors: Omid Karimi, K. W. Thilini Chethana, Antonio R. G. de Farias, Raheleh Asghari, Saithong Kaewchai, Kevin D. Hyde, Qirui Li

Abstract: Peatswamp forest is a unique habitat that supports high biodiversity, particularly fungal diversity. The current study collected submerged and dead plant parts from Eleiodoxa conferta, Eugeissona tristis and Licuala paludosa from a peatswamp forest in Narathiwat Province, Thailand. Morphological features coupled with multigene phylogenetic analyses of ITS, LSU, rpb2 and tef1-α sequence data identified our isolates as new Distoseptispora species (viz. D. arecacearum sp. nov., D. eleiodoxae sp. nov. and D. narathiwatensis sp. nov.). Morphological descriptions, illustrations and notes are provided.

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Research Article Fri, 9 Feb 2024 13:33:22 +0200
The phylogeny and taxonomy of Upretia (Caloplacoideae, Teloschistaceae), reveal three new species from Southwestern China https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/111446/ MycoKeys 100: 233-243

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.100.111446

Authors: Lijuan Li, Yanyun Zhang, Christian Printzen, Lisong Wang, Xinyu Wang

Abstract: Several specimens of Upretia from Southwest China are morphologically and phylogenetically distinct from currently recognized species in the genus. These specimens are here accommodated within a new species, Upretia zeorina Li J. Li & Printzen. It is characterized by an areolate to squamulose thallus with brown to blackish brown upper surface, pruinose, zeorine type apothecia, black discs, narrowly bacilliform conidia, and the production of gyrophoric acid. Two other specimens of Upretia from China are distinct from currently accepted species and tentatively referred to as Upretia sp. 1 and Upretia sp. 2. A key to all known species of Upretia is also provided.

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Research Article Thu, 7 Dec 2023 12:09:56 +0200
Exploring diversity within the genus Tulostoma (Basidiomycota, Agaricales) in the Pannonian sandy steppe: four fascinating novel species from Hungary https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/112458/ MycoKeys 100: 153-170

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.100.112458

Authors: Péter Finy, Mikael Jeppson, Dániel G. Knapp, Viktor Papp, László Albert, István Ölvedi, Károly Bóka, Dóra Varga, Gábor M. Kovács, Bálint Dima

Abstract: Steppe vegetation on sandy soil in Hungary has recently been revealed as one of the hot spots in Europe for the stalked puffballs (genus Tulostoma). In the framework of the taxonomic revision of gasteroid fungi in Hungary, four Tulostoma species are described here as new to science: T. dunense, T. hungaricum, T. sacchariolens and T. shaihuludii. The study is based on detailed macro- and micromorphological investigations (including light and scanning electron microscopy), as well as a three-locus phylogeny of nrDNA ITS, nrDNA LSU and tef1-α sequences. The ITS and LSU sequences generated from the type specimen of T. cretaceum are provided and this resolved partly the taxonomy of the difficult species complex of T. aff. cretaceum.

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Research Article Wed, 29 Nov 2023 18:17:34 +0200
Taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Ganoderma (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) in Costa Rica https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/106810/ MycoKeys 100: 5-47

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.100.106810

Authors: Melissa Mardones, Julieta Carranza-Velázquez, Milagro Mata-Hidalgo, Xaviera Amador-Fernández, Hector Urbina

Abstract: Ganoderma species are well recognised by their significant role in the recycling of nutrients in ecosystems and by their production of secondary metabolites of medical and biotechnological importance. Ganoderma spp. are characterised by laccate and non-laccate, woody basidiocarps, polypore hymenophores and double-walled basidiospores generally with truncate apex. Despite the importance of this genus, its taxonomy is unclear and it includes several species’ complexes with few circumscribed species and incorrect geographic distributions. The aim of this work was to provide detailed morphological descriptions together with phylogenetic analyses using ITS sequences to confirm the presence of seven species of Ganoderma in Costa Rica: G. amazonense, G. applanatum s.l., G. australe, G. curtisii, G. ecuadorense, G. oerstedii and G. parvulum. This is the first study that integrates morphological and phylogenetic data of Ganoderma from Central America and a key of the neotropical species. Besides, the distribution range of G. curtisii, previously reported from North America and G. ecuadorense from South America, is expanded to Central America.

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Research Article Mon, 13 Nov 2023 17:55:12 +0200
Two new species of Colletotrichum (Glomerellaceae, Glomerellales) causing walnut anthracnose in Beijing https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/106812/ MycoKeys 99: 131-152

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.99.106812

Authors: Lin Zhang, Yue-Qi Yin, Li-Li Zhao, Yu-Qing Xie, Jing Han, Ying Zhang

Abstract: Colletotrichum species are plant pathogens, saprobes and endophytes on various plant hosts. It is regarded as one of the 10 most important genera of plant pathogens in the world. Walnut anthracnose is one of the most severe diseases affecting walnut productivity and quality in China. In this study, 162 isolates were obtained from 30 fruits and 65 leaf samples of walnut collected in Beijing, China. Based on morphological characteristics and DNA sequence analyses of the concatenated loci, namely internal transcribed spacer (ITS), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), actin (ACT), chitin synthase 1 (CHS-1) and beta-tubulin (TUB2), these isolates were identified as two novel species of Colletotrichum, i.e. C. juglandicola and C. peakense. Koch’s postulates indicated that both C. juglandicola and C. peakense could cause anthracnose in walnut.

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Research Article Thu, 7 Sep 2023 10:59:45 +0300
Phylogeny, morphology and chemistry reveal two new multispored species in the Lecanora subfusca group (Lecanoraceae, Ascomycota) https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/108462/ MycoKeys 99: 25-43

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.99.108462

Authors: Lijuan Li, Yanyun Zhang, Christian Printzen

Abstract: Two new multispored species from China, Lecanora anhuiensis Li J. Li & Printzen, sp. nov. and Lecanora pseudojaponica Li J. Li & Printzen, sp. nov. are described and illustrated here, based on morphological, chemical and molecular evidence. Lecanora anhuiensis is characterised by an epruinose, yellowish-brown to deep brown apothecial disc, an epihymenium with fine crystals, an amphithecium with small crystals, 16-spored asci and the presence of zeorin, in addition to atranorin. Lecanora pseudojaponica is characterised by an epruinose, red-brown apothecial disc, an epihymenium without crystals, an amphithecium with small crystals, 8 or 16- spored asci and the presence of zeorin and the stictic acid complex, in addition to atranorin. Phylogenetic reconstructions, based on mtSSU, nrITS and nrLSU suggest that these two species are members of the Lecanora subfusca group. They are compared with morphologically similar and phylogenetically related species, based on a nrITS dataset. Phylogenetic results show that the multispored taxa of Lecanora are polyphyletic. The number of ascospores per ascus appears to be a taxonomic character of minor importance. Detailed descriptions, discussions and figures for the two new species from China and a key for the multispored species of Lecanora worldwide are provided.

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Research Article Mon, 7 Aug 2023 13:35:14 +0300
Morphological and phylogenetic analyses reveal two new species in Conidiobolus s.s. (Conidiobolaceae, Entomophthorales) from China https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/103603/ MycoKeys 98: 221-232

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.98.103603

Authors: Yong Nie, Yue Cai, Heng Zhao, ZhengYu Zhou, ChangWei Zhao, XiaoYong Liu, Bo Huang

Abstract: The genus Conidiobolus s.s. (Conidiobolaceae, Entomophthorales) has been delimited to accommodate members that produce microspores. Herein, morphological studies, combined with phylogenetic analysis based on the nuclear large subunit of rDNA (nucLSU), the mitochondrial small subunit of rDNA (mtSSU), and the elongation-factor-like gene (EFL) revealed two Conidiobolus s.s. species isolated from plant debris in China. Conidiobolus longiconidiophorus sp. nov. is mainly characterised by its long primary conidiophores, while Conidiobolus polysporus sp. nov. is diagnosed by 2–3 primary conidia arising from branched primary conidiophores. Phylogenetically, the former is grouped into a separate clade, while the latter is closely related to C. incongruus, but is morphologically distinguished by its larger primary conidia and branched conidiophores.

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Research Article Wed, 5 Jul 2023 11:17:48 +0300
Species diversity and taxonomy of Scytinostroma sensu stricto (Russulales, Basidiomycota) with descriptions of four new species from China https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/105632/ MycoKeys 98: 133-152

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.98.105632

Authors: Yue Li, Wei-Qi Xu, Shi-Liang Liu, Ning Yang, Shuang-Hui He

Abstract: Scytinostroma is species-rich genus in Peniophoraceae, Russulales and has been shown to be polyphyletic. In this study, we performed phylogenetic analyses on the core clade of Scytinostroma based on concatenated ITS1-5.8S-ITS2-nrLSU sequence data. Fifteen lineages including four new species from China, Scytinostroma beijingensis, S. boidinii, S. subduriusculum, and S. subrenisporum, were recognized. The genus Michenera was nested within the Scytinostroma s.s. clade in the phylogenetic tree of Peniophoraceae. Sequences of S. portentosum (type species) and S. hemidichophyticum from Europe formed a strongly supported lineage sister to the S. portentosum sample from Canada. It is supposed that the European “S. portentosum” is S. hemidichophyticum, and the former species is restricted in distribution to North America. Scytinostroma duriusculum is supposed to be a species complex. Samples from Sri Lanka (the type locality) formed a lineage sister to those from China, Thailand and Vietnam (described herein as S. subduriusculum) and two samples from France that might represent an undescribed species. The four new species are described and illustrated, and an identification key to all the 14 Scytinostroma s.s. species worldwide is provided. Until now, seven species of Scytinostroma s.s. have been found in China. Our results increased the knowledge of species diversity and taxonomy of corticioid fungi in China.

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Research Article Tue, 13 Jun 2023 09:56:24 +0300
Identification and pathogenicity of Aurifilum species (Cryphonectriaceae, Diaporthales) on Terminalia species in Southern China https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/104719/ MycoKeys 98: 37-58

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.98.104719

Authors: Wen Wang, ShuaiFei Chen

Abstract: The family of Cryphonectriaceae (Diaporthales) contains many important tree pathogens and the hosts are wide-ranging. Tree species of Terminalia were widely planted as ornamental trees alongside city roads and villages in southern China. Recently, stem canker and cracked bark were observed on 2–6 year old Terminalia neotaliala and T. mantaly in several nurseries in Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province, China. Typical conidiomata of Cryphonectriaceae fungi were observed on the surface of the diseased tissue. In this study, we used DNA sequence data (ITS, BT2/BT1, TEF-1α, rpb2) and morphological characteristics to identify the strains from Terminalia trees. Our results showed that isolates obtained in this study represent two species of Aurifilum, one previously described species, A. terminali, and an unknown species, which we described as A. cerciana sp. nov. Pathogenicity tests demonstrated that both A. terminali and A. cerciana were able to infect T. neotaliala and two tested Eucalyptus clones, suggesting the potential for Aurifilum fungi to become new pathogens of Eucalyptus.

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Research Article Mon, 29 May 2023 17:56:40 +0300
Morphology and molecular analyses reveal three new species of Botryosphaeriales isolated from diseased plant branches in China https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/102653/ MycoKeys 97: 1-19

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.97.102653

Authors: Lu Lin, Yukun Bai, Meng Pan, Chengming Tian, Xinlei Fan

Abstract: The Botryosphaeriales represents an ecologically diverse group of fungi, comprising endophytes, saprobes, and plant pathogens. In this study, taxonomic analyses were conducted based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of multi-gene sequence data from four loci (ITS, LSU, tef1-α, and tub2). Thirteen isolates obtained from Beijing and Yunnan Province were identified as seven species of Botryosphaeriales, including Aplosporella javeedii, Dothiorella alpina, Phaeobotryon aplosporum and Ph. rhois, and three previously undescribed species, namely Aplosporella yanqingensis, Dothiorella baihuashanensis, and Phaeobotryon platycladi. Additionally, the new records of Dothiorella alpina from the host species Populus szechuanica, Phaeobotryon aplosporum from Juglans mandshurica, and Phaeobotryon rhois from Populus alba var. pyramidalis are included.

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Research Article Wed, 26 Apr 2023 21:35:43 +0300
How, not if, is the question mycologists should be asking about DNA-based typification https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/102669/ MycoKeys 96: 143-157

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.96.102669

Authors: R. Henrik Nilsson, Martin Ryberg, Christian Wurzbacher, Leho Tedersoo, Sten Anslan, Sergei Põlme, Viacheslav Spirin, Vladimir Mikryukov, Sten Svantesson, Martin Hartmann, Charlotte Lennartsdotter, Pauline Belford, Maryia Khomich, Alice Retter, Natàlia Corcoll, Daniela Gómez Martinez, Tobias Jansson, Masoomeh Ghobad-Nejhad, Duong Vu, Marisol Sanchez-Garcia, Erik Kristiansson, Kessy Abarenkov

Abstract: Fungal metabarcoding of substrates such as soil, wood, and water is uncovering an unprecedented number of fungal species that do not seem to produce tangible morphological structures and that defy our best attempts at cultivation, thus falling outside the scope of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants. The present study uses the new, ninth release of the species hypotheses of the UNITE database to show that species discovery through environmental sequencing vastly outpaces traditional, Sanger sequencing-based efforts in a strongly increasing trend over the last five years. Our findings challenge the present stance of some in the mycological community – that the current situation is satisfactory and that no change is needed to “the code” – and suggest that we should be discussing not whether to allow DNA-based descriptions (typifications) of species and by extension higher ranks of fungi, but what the precise requirements for such DNA-based typifications should be. We submit a tentative list of such criteria for further discussion. The present authors hope for a revitalized and deepened discussion on DNA-based typification, because to us it seems harmful and counter-productive to intentionally deny the overwhelming majority of extant fungi a formal standing under the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants.

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Forum Paper Mon, 10 Apr 2023 10:59:55 +0300
MycoPins: a metabarcoding-based method to monitor fungal colonization of fine woody debris https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/101033/ MycoKeys 96: 77-95

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.96.101033

Authors: Maria Shumskaya, Nicholas Lorusso, Urvi Patel, Madison Leigh, Panu Somervuo, Dmitry Schigel

Abstract: The MycoPins method described here is a rapid and affordable protocol to monitor early colonization events in communities of wood-inhabiting fungi in fine woody debris. It includes easy to implement field sampling techniques and sample processing, followed by data processing, and analysis of the development of early dead wood fungal communities. The method is based on fieldwork from a time series experiment on standard sterilized colonization targets followed by the metabarcoding analysis and automated molecular identification of species. This new monitoring method through its simplicity, moderate costs, and scalability paves a way for a broader and scalable project pipeline. MycoPins establishes a standard routine for research stations or regularly visited field sites for monitoring of fungal colonization of woody substrates. The routine uses widely available consumables and therefore presents a unifying method for monitoring of fungi of this type.

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Short Communication Tue, 21 Mar 2023 19:12:46 +0200
Mycobiont-specific primers facilitate the amplification of mitochondrial small subunit ribosomal DNA: a focus on the lichenized fungal genus Melanelia (Ascomycota, Parmeliaceae) in Iceland https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/100037/ MycoKeys 96: 57-75

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.96.100037

Authors: Maonian Xu, Yingkui Liu, Erik Möller, Scott LaGreca, Patricia Moya, Xinyu Wang, Einar Timdal, Hugo de Boer, Eva Barreno, Lisong Wang, Holger Thüs, Ólafur Andrésson, Kristinn Pétur Magnússon, Elín Soffia Ólafsdóttir, Starri Heiðmarsson

Abstract: The fungal mitochondrial small subunit (mtSSU) ribosomal DNA is one of the most commonly used loci for phylogenetic analysis of lichen-forming fungi, but their primer specificity to mycobionts has not been evaluated. The current study aimed to design mycobiont-specific mtSSU primers and highlights their utility with an example from the saxicolous lichen-forming fungal genus Melanelia Essl. in Iceland. The study found a 12.5% success rate (3 out of 24 specimens with good-quality mycobiont mtSSU sequences) using universal primers (i.e. mrSSU1 and mrSSU3R), not including off-target amplification of environmental fungi, e.g. Cladophialophora carrionii and Lichenothelia convexa. New mycobiont-specific primers (mt-SSU-581-5’ and mt-SSU-1345-3’) were designed by targeting mycobiont-specific nucleotide sites in comparison with environmental fungal sequences, and assessed for mycobiont primer specificity using in silico PCR. The new mycobiont-specific mtSSU primers had a success rate of 91.7% (22 out of 24 specimens with good-quality mycobiont mtSSU sequences) on the studied Melanelia specimens. Additional testing confirmed the specificity and yielded amplicons from 79 specimens of other Parmeliaceae mycobiont lineages. This study highlights the effectiveness of designing mycobiont-specific primers for studies on lichen identification, barcoding and phylogenetics.

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Research Article Tue, 21 Mar 2023 19:12:22 +0200
New species of Sticta (lichenised Ascomycota, lobarioid Peltigeraceae) from Bolivia suggest a high level of endemism in the Central Andes https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/89960/ MycoKeys 92: 131-160

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.92.89960

Authors: Emilia Anna Ossowska, Bibiana Moncada, Martin Kukwa, Adam Flakus, Pamela Rodriguez-Flakus, Sandra Olszewska, Robert Lücking

Abstract: Six species of Sticta are described as new to science on the basis of material from Bolivia and supported by phylogenetic analysis of the fungal ITS barcoding marker. The species were resolved in all three of the clades (I, II, III) widespread and common in the Neotropics, as defined in an earlier study on the genus. Comparison with material from neighbouring countries (i.e. Colombia, Ecuador, Peru) suggests that these new species may be potentially endemic to the Bolivian Yungas ecoregion. For each species, a detailed morphological and anatomical description is given. Sticta amboroensis Ossowska, Kukwa, B. Moncada & Lücking is a medium-sized green-algal species with laminal to submarginal apothecia with hirsute margins and with light to dark brown lower tomentum. Sticta aymara Ossowska, Kukwa, B. Moncada, Flakus, Rodriguez-Flakus & Lücking is a comparatively small cyanobacterial taxon with Nostoc as photobiont, laminal, richly branched, aggregate isidia and a golden to chocolate-brown lower tomentum. The medium-sized, cyanobacterial S. bicellulata Ossowska, Kukwa, B. Moncada & Lücking has cyanobacterial photobiont, bicellular ascospores, apothecia with white to golden-brown hairs on the margins, K+ violet apothecial margin (ring around disc) and epihymenium and a white to dark brown lower tomentum. In contrast, the green-algal species, S. carrascoensis Ossowska, Kukwa, B. Moncada & Lücking is characterised by its large size, apothecia with dark brown hairs on the margins and a yellow medulla. The cyanobacterial S. catharinae Ossowska, B. Moncada, Kukwa, Flakus, Rodriguez-Flakus & Lücking forms stipitate thalli with Nostoc as photobiont, abundant, laminal to submarginal apothecia and a golden-brown lower tomentum. Finally, the cyanobacterial S. pseudoimpressula Ossowska, Kukwa, B. Moncada & Lücking produces laminal apothecia with an orange-yellow line of pruina along the margins which reacts K+ carmine-red. In addition to the six new Bolivian taxa, the cyanobacterial S. narinioana B. Moncada, Ossowska & Lücking is described as new from Colombia and it represents the closely-related sister species of the Bolivian S. aymara; it differs from the latter largely in the marginal instead of laminal isidia.

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Research Article Tue, 13 Sep 2022 10:30:48 +0300
New studies on Apiospora (Amphisphaeriales, Apiosporaceae): epitypification of Sphaeria apiospora, proposal of Ap. marianiae sp. nov. and description of the asexual morph of Ap. sichuanensis https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/87593/ MycoKeys 92: 63-78

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.92.87593

Authors: Ángel Pintos, Pablo Alvarado

Abstract: In the present work, an epitype for Sphaeria apiospora, the basionym of the type species of the genus Apiospora, Apiospora montagnei, is selected among collections growing in the host plant species reported in the original protologue, Arundo micrantha. Most samples obtained from localities near that of the lectotype (Perpignan, France) belong to the same species, which is not significantly different from the clade previously named Ap. phragmitis, suggesting that this name is a later synonym of Ap. montagnei. In addition, the name Ap. marianiae is here proposed to accommodate a newly discovered species found in the Balearic Islands (Spain), and the asexual state of Ap. sichuanensis is described for the first time from samples growing in the same islands.

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Research Article Tue, 23 Aug 2022 18:54:18 +0300
Taxonomy of Buellia epigaea-group (Caliciales, Caliciaceae), revealing a new species and two new records from China https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/83939/ MycoKeys 92: 45-62

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.92.83939

Authors: Min Ai, Li Juan Li, Fiona Ruth Worthy, An Cheng Yin, Qiu Yi Zhong, Shi Qiong Wang, Li Song Wang, Xin Yu Wang

Abstract: During the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program, we discovered that white terricolous lichenized fungal species of Buellia De Not. were widely distributed across the Tibetan Plateau. After examining their morphology, chemistry and phylogeny, we describe Buellia alpina Xin Y. Wang & Li S. Wang, sp. nov. as new to science. It is present in alpine meadows, and is characterized by its effigurate thallus, distinct linear marginal lobes, cover of thick white pruina and four-spored asci. This is also the first report of Buellia elegans Poelt and Buellia epigaea (Pers.) Tuck from China. The Buellia epigaea-group has previously been characterized by white and often effigurate thalli that occur mainly on soil. However, our results show that species in this group actually belong to two distinct clades. This conclusion is based on analyses of the nuITS region and the combined regions dataset (nuITS-nuLSU-mtSSU-β-tubulin). We discuss differences in morphology, anatomy, chemistry and ecology among the putative Buellia epigaea-group. Detailed descriptions and figures for the three species from China and a key for species of Buellia epigaea-group are provided.

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Research Article Fri, 5 Aug 2022 10:33:56 +0300
Not (only) poison pies – Hebeloma (Agaricales, Hymenogastraceae) in Mexico https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/85267/ MycoKeys 90: 163-202

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.90.85267

Authors: Ursula Eberhardt, Alejandro Kong, Adriana Montoya, Nicole Schütz, Peter Bartlett, Henry J. Beker

Abstract: The species of Hebeloma have been little studied in Mexico, but have received attention as edibles and in trials to enhance production of edible fungi and tree growth through inoculation of seedlings with ectomycorrhizal fungi. Here we describe three new species of Hebeloma that are currently known only from Mexico. These species belong to separate sections of the genus: H. ambustiterranum is a member of H. sect. Hebeloma, H. cohaerens belongs to H. sect. Theobromina, while H. magnicystidiatum belongs to H. sect. Denudata. All three species were collected from subtropical pine-oak woodland; all records of H. cohaerens came from altitudes above 2500 m. Hebeloma ambustiterranum is commonly sold in the local markets of Tlaxcala as a prized edible mushroom. An additional nine species are reported from Mexico, of which eight are new records for the country: H. aanenii, H. eburneum, H. excedens, H. ingratum, H. neurophyllum, H. sordidulum, H. subaustrale and H. velutipes. First modern descriptions of H. neurophyllum and H. subaustrale, originally described from the USA, are given here.

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Research Article Thu, 30 Jun 2022 00:05:50 +0300
Dendrocorticiopsis orientalis gen. et sp. nov. of the Punctulariaceae (Corticiales, Basidiomycota) revealed by molecular data https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/84562/ MycoKeys 90: 19-30

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.90.84562

Authors: Chia-Ling Wei, Che-Chih Chen, Shuang-Hui He, Sheng-Hua Wu

Abstract: Dendrocorticiopsis orientalis is presented in this study as a new genus and new species based on morphological and phylogenetic evidence. This new taxon is characterized by resupinate, smooth and membranaceous basidiomata, monomitic hyphal system with clamps, colorless dendrohyphidia, variable presence of cystidia, and ellipsoid to ovoid basidiospores measuring 5–7 × 3.2–5.2 μm. The phylogenetic analyses based on the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS) + nuclear 28S rDNA (28S) dataset of Corticiales indicated that the new taxon is nested in Punctulariaceae, separated from other genera with strong support values. Descriptions, specimen photo, and illustrations of the new taxon are provided in this study. A morphological comparison of the four genera of Punctulariaceae is given.

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Research Article Tue, 31 May 2022 09:45:56 +0300
Metabarcoding of insect-associated fungal communities: a comparison of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large-subunit (LSU) rRNA markers https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/77106/ MycoKeys 88: 1-33

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.88.77106

Authors: Angelina Ceballos-Escalera, John Richards, Maria Belen Arias, Daegan J. G. Inward, Alfried P. Vogler

Abstract: Full taxonomic characterisation of fungal communities is necessary for establishing ecological associations and early detection of pathogens and invasive species. Complex communities of fungi are regularly characterised by metabarcoding using the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) and the Large-Subunit (LSU) gene of the rRNA locus, but reliance on a single short sequence fragment limits the confidence of identification. Here we link metabarcoding from the ITS2 and LSU D1-D2 regions to characterise fungal communities associated with bark beetles (Scolytinae), the likely vectors of several tree pathogens. Both markers revealed similar patterns of overall species richness and response to key variables (beetle species, forest type), but identification against the respective reference databases using various taxonomic classifiers revealed poor resolution towards lower taxonomic levels, especially the species level. Thus, Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) could not be linked via taxonomic classifiers across ITS and LSU fragments. However, using phylogenetic trees (focused on the epidemiologically important Sordariomycetes) we placed OTUs obtained with either marker relative to reference sequences of the entire rRNA cistron that includes both loci and demonstrated the largely similar phylogenetic distribution of ITS and LSU-derived OTUs. Sensitivity analysis of congruence in both markers suggested the biologically most defensible threshold values for OTU delimitation in Sordariomycetes to be 98% for ITS2 and 99% for LSU D1-D2. Studies of fungal communities using the canonical ITS barcode require corroboration across additional loci. Phylogenetic analysis of OTU sequences aligned to the full rRNA cistron shows higher success rate and greater accuracy of species identification compared to probabilistic taxonomic classifiers.

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Research Article Tue, 8 Mar 2022 10:28:13 +0200
Revision of Immersaria and a new lecanorine genus in Lecideaceae (lichenised Ascomycota, Lecanoromycetes) https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/72614/ MycoKeys 87: 99-132

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.87.72614

Authors: Cong-Miao Xie, Li-Song Wang, Zun-Tian Zhao, Yan-Yun Zhang, Xin-Yu Wang, Lu-Lu Zhang

Abstract: The species Immersaria cupreoatra has been included in Bellemerea. This caused us to reconsider the relationships between Bellemerea and the lecanorine species of Immersaria and to question the monophyly of Immersaria. Amongst 25 genera of the family Lecideaceae, most have lecideine apothecia, the exceptions being Bellemerea and Koerberiella, which have lecanorine apothecia. According to previous classifications, Immersaria included species with both lecanorine and lecideine apothecia. A five-loci phylogenetic tree (nrITS, nrLSU, RPB1, RPB2, and mtSSU) for Lecideaceae showed that Immersaria was split into two clades: firstly, all the lecideine apotheciate species and secondly, all the lecanorine apotheciate species. The latter clade was closely related to the remaining lecanorine apotheciate genera: Bellemerea and Koerberiella. Therefore, the genus concept of Immersaria is revised accordingly and a new lecanorine genus Lecaimmeria is proposed. Furthermore, four new species for Immersaria and seven new species and three new combinations for the new genus Lecaimmeria are proposed. Keys to Immersaria and the new genus Lecaimmeria are provided.

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Research Article Tue, 15 Feb 2022 11:09:19 +0200
Examination of the generic concept and species boundaries of the genus Erioscyphella (Lachnaceae, Helotiales, Ascomycota) with the proposal of new species and new combinations based on the Japanese materials https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/73082/ MycoKeys 87: 1-52

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.87.73082

Authors: Yukito Tochihara, Tsuyoshi Hosoya

Abstract: The genus Erioscyphella Kirschst., which was morphologically confused with Lachnum, was herein examined. Based on molecular phylogenetic analyses using a combined dataset of ITS, LSU, mtSSU, and RPB2 and morphological examinations, Erioscyphella was distinguished from Lachnum and redefined by longer ascospores and the presence of apical amorphous materials and/or resinous materials equipped on hairs. Species boundaries recognized by morphology/ecology and phylogenetic analyses were cross-checked using species delimitation analyses based on DNA barcode sequences downloaded from UNITE, resulting in that species’ taxonomic problems being uncovered. Six new species (E. boninensis, E. insulae, E. otanii, E. papillaris, E. paralushanensis, and E. sasibrevispora) and two new combinations (E. hainanensis and E. sinensis) were proposed.

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Research Article Tue, 8 Feb 2022 12:08:07 +0200
A long-read amplicon approach to scaling up the metabarcoding of lichen herbarium specimens https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/77431/ MycoKeys 86: 195-212

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.86.77431

Authors: Cécile Gueidan, Lan Li

Abstract: Reference sequence databases are critical to the accurate detection and identification of fungi in the environment. As repositories of large numbers of well-curated specimens, herbaria and fungal culture collections have the material resources to generate sequence data for large number of taxa, and could therefore allow filling taxonomic gaps often present in reference sequence databases. Financial resources to do that are however often lacking, so that recent efforts have focused on decreasing sequencing cost by increasing the number of multiplexed samples per sequencing run while maintaining high sequence quality. Following a previous study that aimed at decreasing sequencing cost for lichen specimens by generating fungal ITS barcodes for 96 specimens using PacBio amplicon sequencing, we present a method that further decreases lichen specimen metabarcoding costs. A total of 384 mixed DNA extracts obtained from lichen herbarium specimens, mostly from the four genera Buellia, Catillaria, Endocarpon and Parmotrema, were used to generate new fungal ITS sequences using a Sequel I sequencing platform and the PacBio M13 barcoded primers. The average success rate across all taxa was high (86.5%), with particularly high rates for the crustose saxicolous taxa (Buellia, Catillaria and others; 93.3%) and the terricolous squamulose taxa (Endocarpon and others; 96.5%). On the other hand, the success rate for the foliose genus Parmotrema was lower (60.4%). With this taxon sampling, greater specimen age did not appear to impact sequencing success. In fact, the 1966–1980 collection date category showed the highest success rate (97.3%). Compared to the previous study, the abundance-based sequence denoising method showed some limitations, but the cost of generating ITS barcodes was further decreased thanks to the higher multiplexing level. In addition to contributing new ITS barcodes for specimens of four interesting lichen genera, this study further highlights the potential and challenges of using new sequencing technologies on collection specimens to generate DNA sequences for reference databases.

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Research Article Wed, 2 Feb 2022 10:50:14 +0200
The curse of the uncultured fungus https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/76053/ MycoKeys 86: 177-194

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.86.76053

Authors: Kessy Abarenkov, Erik Kristiansson, Martin Ryberg, Sandra Nogal-Prata, Daniela Gómez-Martínez, Katrin Stüer-Patowsky, Tobias Jansson, Sergei Põlme, Masoomeh Ghobad-Nejhad, Natàlia Corcoll, Ruud Scharn, Marisol Sánchez-García, Maryia Khomich, Christian Wurzbacher, R. Henrik Nilsson

Abstract: The international DNA sequence databases abound in fungal sequences not annotated beyond the kingdom level, typically bearing names such as “uncultured fungus”. These sequences beget low-resolution mycological results and invite further deposition of similarly poorly annotated entries. What do these sequences represent? This study uses a 767,918-sequence corpus of public full-length fungal ITS sequences to estimate what proportion of the 95,055 “uncultured fungus” sequences that represent truly unidentifiable fungal taxa – and what proportion of them that would have been straightforward to annotate to some more meaningful taxonomic level at the time of sequence deposition. Our results suggest that more than 70% of these sequences would have been trivial to identify to at least the order/family level at the time of sequence deposition, hinting that factors other than poor availability of relevant reference sequences explain the low-resolution names. We speculate that researchers’ perceived lack of time and lack of insight into the ramifications of this problem are the main explanations for the low-resolution names. We were surprised to find that more than a fifth of these sequences seem to have been deposited by mycologists rather than researchers unfamiliar with the consequences of poorly annotated fungal sequences in molecular repositories. The proportion of these needlessly poorly annotated sequences does not decline over time, suggesting that this problem must not be left unchecked.

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Research Article Wed, 2 Feb 2022 10:49:31 +0200
Greetings from belowground: two new species of truffles in the genus Pachyphlodes (Pezizaceae, Pezizales) from México https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/67685/ MycoKeys 82: 159-171

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.82.67685

Authors: Carolina Piña Páez, Rosanne A. Healy, Gonzalo Guevara, Roberto Garibay Orijel, Michael A. Castellano, Efrén Cázares, James M. Trappe

Abstract: Pachyphlodes is a lineage of ectomycorrhizal, hypogeous, sequestrate ascomycete fungi native to temperate and subtropical forests in the Northern Hemisphere. Pachyphlodes species form ectomycorrhizae mainly with Fagales hosts. Here we describe two new species of Pachyphlodes, P. brunnea, and P. coalescens, based on morphological and phylogenetic analysis. Pachyphlodes brunnea is distributed in the states of Tamaulipas and Nuevo León in northern México, occurring with Quercus and Juglans species. It is characterized by its dark brown peridium, white gleba, and spores with capitate columns. Pachyphlodes coalescens is distributed in the states of Michoacán and Tlaxcala in central and southwestern México co-occurring with Quercus and is distinguished by its reddish-brown peridium, light yellow gleba, and spore ornamentation. Both species, along with P. marronina, constitute the Marronina clade. This clade contains North American species characterized by a brown peridium and spores ornamented with capitate spines to coalesced spine tips that form a partial perispore.

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Research Article Tue, 17 Aug 2021 12:51:57 +0300
Unravelling unexplored diversity of cercosporoid fungi (Mycosphaerellaceae, Mycosphaerellales, Ascomycota) in tropical Africa https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/67850/ MycoKeys 81: 69-138

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.81.67850

Authors: Yalemwork Meswaet, Ralph Mangelsdorff, Nourou S. Yorou, Meike Piepenbring

Abstract: Cercosporoid fungi (Mycosphaerellaceae, Mycosphaerellales, Ascomycota) are one of the largest and most diverse groups of hyphomycetes causing a wide range of diseases of economically important plants as well as of plants in the wild. Although more than 6000 species are known for this group, the documentation of this fungal group is far from complete. Especially in the tropics, the diversity of cercosporoid fungi is poorly known. The present study aims to identify and characterise cercosporoid fungi collected on host plants belonging to Fabaceae in Benin, West Africa. Information on their morphology, host species and DNA sequence data (18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, ITS and tef1) is provided. DNA sequence data were obtained by a simple and non-culture-based method for DNA isolation which has been applied for cercosporoid fungi for the first time in the context of the present study. Among the loci used for the phylogenetic analysis, tef1 provided the best resolution together with the multigene dataset. Species delimitation in many cases, however, was only possible by combining molecular sequence data with morphological characteristics. Based on forty specimens recently collected in Benin, 18 species are presented with morphological descriptions, illustrations and sequence data. Among these, six species in the genus Cercospora and two species in Pseudocercospora are proposed as species new to science. The newly described species are Cercospora (C.) beninensis on Crotalaria macrocalyx, C. parakouensis on Desmodium tortuosum, C. rhynchophora on Vigna unguiculata, C. vignae-subterraneae on Vigna subterranea, C. tentaculifera on Vigna unguiculata, C. zorniicola on Zornia glochidiata, Pseudocercospora sennicola on Senna occidentalis and Pseudocercospora tabei on Vigna unguiculata. Eight species of cercosporoid fungi are reported for Benin for the first time, three of them, namely C. cf. canscorina, C. cf. fagopyri and C. phaseoli-lunati are new for West Africa. The presence of two species of cercosporoid fungi on Fabaceae previously reported from Benin, namely Nothopassalora personata and Passalora arachidicola, is confirmed.

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Research Article Thu, 17 Jun 2021 08:13:43 +0300
A survey of Hebeloma (Hymenogastraceae) in Greenland https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/63363/ MycoKeys 79: 17-118

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.79.63363

Authors: Ursula Eberhardt, Henry J. Beker, Torbjørn Borgen, Henning Knudsen, Nicole Schütz, Steen A. Elborne

Abstract: This is the first study exclusively dedicated to the study of Hebeloma in Greenland. It is based on almost 400 collections, the great majority of which were collected by three of the co-authors over a period of 40 years and were lodged in the fungarium of the Natural History Museum in Copenhagen. The material was identified using molecular and morphological methods. In total, 28 species were recognized, 27 belonging to three sections, H. sects Hebeloma, Denudata and Velutipes. One species sampled was new to science and is here described as H. arcticum. For all species, a description, a distribution map within Greenland and macro and microphotographs are presented. A key is provided for the 28 species. The distribution of species within Greenland is discussed. The findings are placed in the context of studies of arctic and alpine Hebeloma from other parts of the world where comparable data exist. Notably, H. grandisporum, H. louiseae and H. islandicum, previously only known from Romania, Svalbard, Iceland or Norway, respectively, have been found in Greenland. The latter is also the only species encountered that does not belong to any of the above sections. Hebeloma excedens and H. colvinii – for the latter we here publish the first modern description – are to date only known from continental North America and now Greenland.

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Monograph Mon, 19 Apr 2021 12:00:18 +0300
Novel taxa and species diversity of Cordyceps sensu lato (Hypocreales, Ascomycota) developing on wireworms (Elateroidea and Tenebrionoidea, Coleoptera) https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/61836/ MycoKeys 78: 79-117

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.78.61836

Authors: Ling-Sheng Zha, Vadim Yu Kryukov, Jian-Hua Ding, Rajesh Jeewon, Putarak Chomnunti

Abstract: Species of Cordyceps sensu lato (Hypocreales, Sordariomycetes) have always attracted much scientific attention for their abundant species diversity, important medicinal values and biological control applications. The insect superfamilies Elateroidea and Tenebrionoidea are two large groups of Coleoptera and their larvae are generally called wireworms. Most wireworms inhabit humid soil or fallen wood and are often infected with Cordyceps s.l. However, the species diversity of Cordyceps s.l. on Elateroidea and Tenebrionoidea is poorly known. In the present work, we summarise taxonomic information of 63 Cordyceps s.l. species that have been reported as pathogens of wireworms. We review their hosts and geographic distributions and provide taxonomic notes for species. Of those, 60 fungal species are accepted as natural pathogens of wireworms and three species (Cordyceps militaris, Ophiocordyceps ferruginosa and O. variabilis) are excluded. Two new species, O. borealis from Russia (Primorsky Krai) and O. spicatus from China (Guizhou), are described and compared with their closest allies. Polycephalomyces formosus is also described because it is reported as a pathogen of wireworms for the first time. Phylogeny was reconstructed from a combined dataset, comprising SSU, LSU and TEF1-α gene sequences. The results, presented in this study, support the establishment of the new species and confirm the identification of P. formosus.

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Research Article Mon, 29 Mar 2021 10:43:16 +0300
Notes on Trochila (Ascomycota, Leotiomycetes), with new species and combinations https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/62046/ MycoKeys 78: 21-47

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.78.62046

Authors: Paula Andrea Gómez-Zapata, Danny Haelewaters, Luis Quijada, Donald H. Pfister, M. Catherine Aime

Abstract: Studies of Trochila (Leotiomycetes, Helotiales, Cenangiaceae) are scarce. Here, we describe two new species based on molecular phylogenetic data and morphology. Trochila bostonensis was collected at the Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area, Massachusetts. It was found on the stem of Asclepias syriaca, representing the first report of any Trochila species from a plant host in the family Apocynaceae. Trochila urediniophila is associated with the uredinia of the rust fungus Cerotelium fici. It was discovered during a survey for rust hyperparasites conducted at the Arthur Fungarium, in a single sample from 1912 collected in Trinidad. Macro- and micromorphological descriptions, illustrations, and molecular phylogenetic analyses are presented. The two new species are placed in Trochila with high support in both our six-locus (SSU, ITS, LSU, rpb1, rpb2, tef1) and two-locus (ITS, LSU) phylogenetic reconstructions. In addition, two species are combined in Trochila: Trochila colensoi (formerly placed in Pseudopeziza) and T. xishuangbanna (originally described as the only species in Calycellinopsis). This study reveals new host plant families, a new ecological strategy, and a new country record for the genus Trochila. Finally, our work emphasizes the importance of specimens deposited in biological collections such as fungaria.

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Research Article Thu, 11 Feb 2021 07:53:03 +0200
Three new species of Junghuhnia (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) from China https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/51872/ MycoKeys 72: 1-16

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.72.51872

Authors: Ping Du, Wu Fang, Xue-Mei Tian

Abstract: In this study, taxonomic and phylogenetic analyses of Junghuhnia were performed. Three new species were characterised according to morphological characteristics and molecular phylogenetic analysis using ITS and nLSU sequences. They are J. austrosinensis sp. nov., J. nandinae sp. nov. and J. subcollabens sp. nov. Junghuhnia austrosinensis is characterised by resupinate, thin basidiomata with white to buff-yellow hymenophore, small pores (9–11 per mm), clamped generative hyphae possessing hymenial cystidia, ellipsoid basidiospores (2.5–3 × 1.7–2 µm) and growth on fallen bamboo or angiosperm branch. Junghuhnia nandinae is characterised by resupinate basidiomata with pink to salmon pores and a distinct white margin, clamp generative hyphae, interwoven tramal hyphae, ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 2.6–3.2 × 1.8–2 µm and growth on Nandina domestica. Junghuhnia subcollabens is characterised by resupinate basidiomata with pale salmon to brownish vinaceous hymenophore, small pores (10–12 per mm), generative hyphae with simple septa and clamp connections, interwoven tramal hyphae, lunate basidiospores measuring 2.9–3.4 × 1.6–1.8 µm and thriving on rotten wood of angiosperms.

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Research Article Fri, 14 Aug 2020 08:46:56 +0300
Checklist of thallus-forming Laboulbeniomycetes from Belgium and the Netherlands, including Hesperomyces halyziae and Laboulbenia quarantenae spp. nov. https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/53421/ MycoKeys 71: 23-86

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.71.53421

Authors: Danny Haelewaters, André De Kesel

Abstract: In this paper we present an updated checklist of thallus-forming Laboulbeniomycetes (Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina), that is, the orders Herpomycetales and Laboulbeniales, from Belgium and the Netherlands. Two species are newly described based on morphology, molecular data (ITS, LSU ribosomal DNA) and ecology (host association). These are Hesperomyces halyziae on Halyzia sedecimguttata (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) from both countries and Laboulbenia quarantenae on Bembidion biguttatum (Coleoptera, Carabidae) from Belgium. In addition, nine new country records are presented. For Belgium: Laboulbenia aubryi on Amara aranea (Coleoptera, Carabidae) and Rhachomyces spinosus on Syntomus foveatus (Coleoptera, Carabidae). For the Netherlands: Chitonomyces melanurus on Laccophilus minutus (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae), Euphoriomyces agathidii on Agathidium laevigatum (Coleoptera, Leiodidae), Laboulbenia fasciculata on Omophron limbatum (Coleoptera, Carabidae), Laboulbenia metableti on Syntomus foveatus and S. truncatellus (Coleoptera, Carabidae), Laboulbenia pseudomasei on Pterostichus melanarius (Coleoptera, Carabidae), Rhachomyces canariensis on Trechus obtusus (Coleoptera, Carabidae), and Stigmatomyces hydrelliae on Hydrellia albilabris (Diptera, Ephydridae). Finally, an identification key to 140 species of thallus-forming Laboulbeniomycetes in Belgium and the Netherlands is provided. Based on the combined data, we are able to identify mutual gaps that need to be filled as well as weigh the impact of chosen strategies (fieldwork, museum collections) and techniques in these neighboring countries. The aim of this work is to serve as a reference for studying Laboulbeniomycetes fungi in Europe.

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Research Article Thu, 30 Jul 2020 09:01:52 +0300
Three new species of Cortinarius subgenus Telamonia (Cortinariaceae, Agaricales) from China https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/49437/ MycoKeys 69: 91-109

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.69.49437

Authors: Meng-Le Xie, Tie-Zheng Wei, Yong-Ping Fu, Dan Li, Liang-Liang Qi, Peng-Jie Xing, Guo-Hui Cheng, Rui-Qing Ji, Yu Li

Abstract: Cortinarius is an important ectomycorrhizal genus that forms a symbiotic relationship with certain trees, shrubs and herbs. Recently, we began studying Cortinarius in China and here we describe three new species of Cortinarius subg. Telamonia based on morphological and ecological characteristics, together with phylogenetic analyses. Cortinarius laccariphyllus sp. nov. (section Colymbadini) is associated with broadleaf trees, with strongly hygrophanous basidiomata, special Laccaria-like lamellae and white and extremely sparse universal veil. Cortinarius neotorvus sp. nov. (section Telamonia) is associated with broadleaf trees and is easily confused with C. torvus, but can be distinguished by the colour of the fresh basidiomes and the stipe usually somewhat tapering towards the base. Cortinarius subfuscoperonatus sp. nov. (section Fuscoperonati) is associated with coniferous trees, with subglobose to broadly ellipsoid spores and is closely related to C. fuscoperonatus. A key to the new species and similar species in sections Colymbadini, Telamonia and Fuscoperonati is provided.

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Research Article Tue, 14 Jul 2020 16:37:26 +0300
Longistriata flava (Boletaceae, Basidiomycota) – a new monotypic sequestrate genus and species from Brazilian Atlantic Forest https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/39699/ MycoKeys 62: 53-73

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.62.39699

Authors: Marcelo A. Sulzbacher, Takamichi Orihara, Tine Grebenc, Felipe Wartchow, Matthew E. Smith, María P. Martín, Admir J. Giachini, Iuri G. Baseia

Abstract: A new monotypic sequestrate genus, Longistriata is described based on collections from the Neotropical forest of Atlantic forest in Paraíba, Northeast Brazil – an area known for its high degree of endemism. The striking features of this new fungus are the hypogeous habit, the vivid yellow peridium in mature basidiomes, broadly ellipsoid basidiospores with a distinct wall that is ornamented with longitudinal striations and lageniform cystidia with rounded apices. Phylogenetic analysis, based on LSU and tef-1α regions, showed that the type species, Longistriata flava, is phylogenetically sister to the monotypic sequestrate African genus Mackintoshia in Boletaceae. Together these two species formed the earliest diverging lineage in the subfamily Zangioideae. Longistriata flava is found in nutrient-poor white sand habitats where plants in the genera Coccoloba (Polygonaceae) and Guapira (Nyctaginaceae) are the only potential ectomycorrhizal host symbionts.

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Research Article Mon, 3 Feb 2020 16:39:34 +0200
Integrative taxonomy confirms three species of Coniocarpon (Arthoniaceae) in Norway https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/48480/ MycoKeys 62: 27-51

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.62.48480

Authors: Andreas Frisch, Victoria Stornes Moen, Martin Grube, Mika Bendiksby

Abstract: We have studied the highly oceanic genus Coniocarpon in Norway. Our aim has been to delimit species of Coniocarpon in Norway based on an integrative taxonomic approach. The material studied comprises 120 specimens of Coniocarpon, obtained through recent collecting efforts (2017 and 2018) or received from major fungaria in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden, as well as from private collectors. We have assessed (1) species delimitations and relationships based on Bayesian and maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses of three genetic markers (mtSSU, nucITS and RPB2), (2) morphology and anatomy using standard light microscopy, and (3) secondary lichen chemistry using high-performance thin-layer chromatography. The results show three genetically distinct lineages of Coniocarpon, representing C. cinnabarinum, C. fallax and C. cuspidans comb. nov. The latter was originally described as Arthonia cinnabarina f. cuspidans and is herein raised to species level. All three species are supported by morphological, anatomical and chemical data.

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Research Article Thu, 23 Jan 2020 08:33:38 +0200
Taxonomy and phylogeny of the Leptographium olivaceum complex (Ophiostomatales, Ascomycota), including descriptions of six new species from China and Europe https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/39069/ MycoKeys 60: 93-123

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.60.39069

Authors: Mingliang Yin, Michael J. Wingfield, Xudong Zhou, Riikka Linnakoski, Z. Wilhelm de Beer

Abstract: The Leptographium olivacea complex encompasses species in the broadly defined genus Leptographium (Ophiostomatales, Ascomycota) that are generally characterized by synnematous conidiophores. Most species of the complex are associates of conifer-infesting bark beetles in Europe and North America. The aims of this study were to reconsider the delineation of known species, and to confirm the identity of several additional isolates resembling L. olivacea that have emerged from recent surveys in China, Finland, Poland, Russia, and Spain. Phylogenetic analyses of sequence data for five loci (ACT, TUB, CAL, ITS2-LSU, and TEF-1α) distinguished 14 species within the complex. These included eight known species (L. cucullatum, L. davidsonii, L. erubescens, L. francke-grosmanniae, L. olivaceum, L. olivaceapini, L. sagmatosporum, and L. vescum) and six new species (herein described as L. breviuscapum, L. conplurium, L. pseudoalbum, L. rhizoidum, L. sylvestris, and L. xiningense). New combinations are provided for L. cucullatum, L. davidsonii, L. erubescens, L. olivaceum, L. olivaceapini, L. sagmatosporum and L. vescum. New Typifications: Lectotypes are designated for L. olivaceum, L. erubescens and L. sagmatosporum. Epitypes were designated for L. olivaceapini and L. sagmatosporum. In addition to phylogenetic separation, the synnematous asexual states and ascomata with almost cylindrical necks and prominent ostiolar hyphae, distinguish the L. olivaceum complex from others in Leptographium.

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Research Article Fri, 29 Nov 2019 14:36:43 +0200
A four-locus phylogeny of rib-stiped cupulate species of Helvella (Helvellaceae, Pezizales) with discovery of three new species https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/38186/ MycoKeys 60: 45-67

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.60.38186

Authors: Xin-Cun Wang, Tie-Zhi Liu, Shuang-Lin Chen, Yi Li, Wen-Ying Zhuang

Abstract: Helvella species are ascomycetous macrofungi with saddle-shaped or cupulate apothecia. They are distributed worldwide and play an important ecological role as ectomycorrhizal symbionts. A recent multi-locus phylogenetic study of the genus suggested that the cupulate group of Helvella was in need of comprehensive revision. In this study, all the specimens of cupulate Helvella sensu lato with ribbed stipes deposited in HMAS were examined morphologically and molecularly. A four-locus phylogeny was reconstructed using partial sequences of the heat shock protein 90, nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer region 2, nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA and translation elongation factor 1-α genes. Three clades were revealed in Helvella sensu stricto. Twenty species were included in the analysis, of which 13 are distributed in China. Three new species, H. acetabuloides, H. sichuanensis and H. tianshanensis, are described and illustrated in detail. A neotype was designated for H. taiyuanensis. Helvella calycina is a new record for China, while Dissingia leucomelaena should be excluded from Chinese mycota. Hsp90 and ITS2 are recommended as useful supplementary barcodes for species identifications of the genus.

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Research Article Thu, 31 Oct 2019 11:42:46 +0200
Behind the veil – exploring the diversity in Phallus indusiatus s.l. (Phallomycetidae, Basidiomycota) https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/35324/ MycoKeys 58: 103-127

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.58.35324

Authors: Tiara S. Cabral, Bianca DB. Silva, María P. Martín, Charles R. Clement, Kentaro Hosaka, Iuri G. Baseia

Abstract: Studies have demonstrated that many cosmopolitan species actually consist of divergent clades that present high levels of morphological stasis throughout their evolutionary histories. Phallus indusiatus s.l. has been described as a circum-tropical species. However, this distribution may actually reflect the lack of taxonomic resolution due to the small number of diagnostic morphological characters, which leads to the identification of new records as populations of P. indusiatus. Here, we examine the diversity of P. indusiatus-like species in Brazilian Amazonia. We show a clear congruence between detailed morphological data and ITS, nuc-LSU and atp6 based phylogenetic analyses and three new species are described within the Brazilian indusiate clade. These results highlight the importance of more detailed investigation, with the inclusion of molecular information, in Neotropical fungi.

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Research Article Wed, 2 Oct 2019 08:46:06 +0300
Phylogeny and species delimitations in the entomopathogenic genus Beauveria (Hypocreales, Ascomycota), including the description of B. peruviensis sp. nov. https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/35764/ MycoKeys 58: 47-68

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.58.35764

Authors: Danilo E. Bustamante, Manuel Oliva, Santos Leiva, Jani E. Mendoza, Leidy Bobadilla, Geysen Angulo, Martha S. Calderon

Abstract: The genus Beauveria is considered a cosmopolitan anamorphic and teleomorphic genus of soilborne necrotrophic arthropod-pathogenic fungi that includes ecologically and economically important species. Species identification in Beauveria is difficult because of its structural simplicity and the lack of distinctive phenotypic variation. Therefore, the use of multi-locus sequence data is essential to establish robust species boundaries in addition to DNA-based species delimitation methods using genetic distance, coalescent, and genealogical concordance approaches (polyphasic approaches). In this regard, our study used multilocus phylogeny and five DNA-based methods to delimit species in Beauveria using three molecular makers. These polyphasic analyses allowed for the delimitation of 20–28 species in Beauveria, confirming cryptic diversity in five species (i.e. B. amorpha, B. bassiana, B. diapheromeriphila, and B. pseudobassiana) and supporting the description of B. peruviensis as a new taxon from northeastern Peru. The other five species were not evaluated as they did not have enough data (i.e. B. araneola, B. gryllotalpidicola, B. loeiensis, B. medogensis, and B. rudraprayagi). Our results demonstrate that the congruence among different methods in a polyphasic approach (e.g. genetic distance and coalescence methods) is more likely to show reliably supported species boundaries. Among the methods applied in this study, genetic distance, coalescent approaches, and multilocus phylogeny are crucial when establishing species boundaries in Beauveria.

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Research Article Mon, 9 Sep 2019 08:57:43 +0300
Amanita ahmadii, a new species of Amanita subgenus Amanitina section Validae from Pakistan https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/31819/ MycoKeys 56(): 81-99

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.56.31819

Authors: Sana Jabeen, Munazza Kiran, Junaid Khan, Ishtiaq Ahmad, Habib Ahmad, Hassan Sher, Abdul Nasir Khalid

Abstract: A new species from coniferous forests in Pakistan, Amanita ahmadii, is described on the basis of morpho-anatomy and molecular data set analyses. This species is characterized by its medium-sized to large basidiomata, grayish brown to brown pileal surface and rimose pileus margin with gray to dark brown verrucose veil remnants, a cream stipe with bulbous base having grayish brown or brown longitudinal striations above the annulus, a scaly surface towards the base, globose to broadly ellipsoid and amyloid basidiospores, and the absence of clamped septa in all tissues. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on ITS and LSU sequences confirmed its identity as a new taxon nested within subgen. Amanitina sect. Validae.

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Research Article Tue, 23 Jul 2019 11:58:40 +0300
Placement of Triblidiaceae in Rhytismatales and comments on unique ascospore morphologies in Leotiomycetes (Fungi, Ascomycota) https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/35697/ MycoKeys 54: 99-133

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.54.35697

Authors: Jason M. Karakehian, Luis Quijada, Gernot Friebes, Joey B. Tanney, Donald H. Pfister

Abstract: Triblidiaceae is a family of uncommonly encountered, non-lichenized discomycetes. A recent classification circumscribed the family to include Triblidium (4 spp. and 1 subsp.), Huangshania (2 spp.) and Pseudographis (2 spp. and 1 var.). The apothecia of these fungi are persistent and drought-tolerant; they possess stromatic, highly melanized covering layers that open and close with fluctuations of humidity. Triblidialean fungi occur primarily on the bark of Quercus, Pinaceae and Ericaceae, presumably as saprobes. Though the type species of Huangshania is from China, these fungi are mostly known from collections originating from Western Hemisphere temperate and boreal forests. The higher-rank classification of triblidialean fungi has been in flux due in part to an overemphasis on ascospore morphology. Muriform ascospores are observed in species of Triblidium and in Pseudographis elatina. An intense, dark blue/purple ascospore wall reaction in iodine-based reagents is observed in species of Pseudographis. These morphologies have led, in part, to these genera being shuffled among unrelated taxa in Hysteriaceae (Dothideomycetes, Hysteriales) and Graphidaceae (Lecanoromycetes, Ostropales). Triblidiaceae has been placed within the monofamilial order Triblidiales (affinity Lecanoromycetes). Here, we demonstrate with a three-gene phylogenetic approach that triblidialean fungi are related to taxa in Rhytismatales (Leotiomycetes). We synonymize Triblidiales under Rhytismatales and emend Triblidiaceae to include Triblidium and Huangshania, with Pseudographis placed within Rhytismataceae. A history of Triblidiaceae is provided along with a description of the emended family. We discuss how the inclusion of triblidialean fungi in Rhytismatales brings some rarely observed or even unique ascospore morphologies to the order and to Leotiomycetes.

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Research Article Tue, 18 Jun 2019 09:24:07 +0300
PacBio amplicon sequencing for metabarcoding of mixed DNA samples from lichen herbarium specimens https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/34761/ MycoKeys 53: 73-91

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.53.34761

Authors: Cécile Gueidan, John A. Elix, Patrick M. McCarthy, Claude Roux, Max Mallen-Cooper, Gintaras Kantvilas

Abstract: The detection and identification of species of fungi in the environment using molecular methods heavily depends on reliable reference sequence databases. However, these databases are largely incomplete in terms of taxon coverage, and a significant effort is required from herbaria and living fungal collections for the mass-barcoding of well-identified and well-curated fungal specimens or strains. Here, a PacBio amplicon sequencing approach is applied to recent lichen herbarium specimens for the sequencing of the fungal ITS barcode, allowing a higher throughput sample processing than Sanger sequencing, which often required the use of cloning. Out of 96 multiplexed samples, a full-length ITS sequence of the target lichenised fungal species was recovered for 85 specimens. In addition, sequences obtained for co-amplified fungi gave an interesting insight into the diversity of endolichenic fungi. Challenges encountered at both the laboratory and bioinformatic stages are discussed, and cost and quality are compared with Sanger sequencing. With increasing data output and reducing sequencing cost, PacBio amplicon sequencing is seen as a promising approach for the generation of reference sequences for lichenised fungi as well as the characterisation of lichen-associated fungal communities.

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Research Article Mon, 3 Jun 2019 09:35:43 +0300
Looking for Lepiota psalion Huijser & Vellinga (Agaricales, Agaricaceae) https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/34021/ MycoKeys 52: 45-69

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.52.34021

Authors: Alfredo Vizzini, Alessia Tatti, Henk A. Huijser, Jun F. Liang, Enrico Ercole

Abstract: Lepiota psalion is fully described based on a recent collection from Sardinia (Italy) and the holotype. NrITS- and nrLSU-based phylogeny demonstrates that sequences deposited in GenBank as “L. psalion” and generated from two Dutch and one Chinese collections are not conspecific with the holotype and represent two distinct, undescribed species. These species are here proposed as Lepiota recondita sp. nov. and Lepiota sinorecondita ad int.

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Research Article Thu, 9 May 2019 09:10:16 +0300
Neoboletus antillanus sp. nov. (Boletaceae), first report of a red-pored bolete from the Dominican Republic and insights on the genus Neoboletus https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/33185/ MycoKeys 49: 73-97

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.49.33185

Authors: Matteo Gelardi, Claudio Angelini, Federica Costanzo, Francesco Dovana, Beatriz Ortiz-Santana, Alfredo Vizzini

Abstract: Neoboletus antillanus sp. nov. appears to be the only red-pored bolete known from the Dominican Republic to date. It is reported as a novel species to science based on collections gathered in a neotropical lowland mixed broadleaved woodland. A detailed morphological description, color images of fresh basidiomes in habitat and line drawings of the main anatomical features are provided and relationships with phylogenetically and phenotypically similar taxa are discussed. Three genomic regions (nrITS, nrLSU/28S and rpb2) have been sequenced in order to reinforce the recognition of the new species and to elucidate its taxonomic affiliation within Neoboletus.

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Research Article Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:58:12 +0200
Six new species of Arthrinium from Europe and notes about A. caricicola and other species found in Carex spp. hosts https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/32115/ MycoKeys 49: 15-48

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.49.32115

Authors: Ángel Pintos, Pablo Alvarado, Juan Planas, Rene Jarling

Abstract: Several new Arthrinium specimens were collected from various locations in Mediterranean and temperate Europe. A collection of the type species, A. caricicola, was obtained from dead leaves of Carex ericetorum in Berlin. Sequences of four genetic markers, ITS, 28S rDNA, tef1 and tub2 were produced from almost all collections and analyzed with those available in public databases. Results are employed to support six new species: A. balearicum, A. descalsii, A. esporlense, A. ibericum, A. italicum and A. piptatheri. The type species, A. caricicola, is related to other species occurring on Carex sp.; these might represent an independent lineage from Apiospora and the remaining species of Arthrinium. Finally, the sexual morph of A. marii is described and illustrated for the first time.

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Research Article Tue, 12 Mar 2019 13:28:50 +0200
Four new corticioid species in Trechisporales (Basidiomycota) from East Asia and notes on phylogeny of the order https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/31956/ MycoKeys 48: 97-113

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.48.31956

Authors: Shi-Liang Liu, Hai-Xia Ma, Shuang-Hui He, Yu-Cheng Dai

Abstract: Four new species in Trechisporales from East Asia, Dextrinocystis calamicola, Subulicystidium acerosum, S. tropicum and Tubulicium bambusicola, are described and illustrated, based on morphological and molecular evidence. The phylogeny of Trechisporales was inferred from a combined dataset of ITS-nrLSU sequences. In the phylogenetic tree, Sistotremastrum formed a family-level clade of its own, sister to the Hydnodontaceae clade formed by all other genera. Dextrinocystis, is for the first time, confirmed as a member of Hydnodontaceae. A key to all the accepted genera in Trechisporales is given.

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Research Article Fri, 8 Mar 2019 10:25:21 +0200
Species identification of European forest pathogens of the genus Milesina (Pucciniales) using urediniospore morphology and molecular barcoding including M. woodwardiana sp. nov. https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/30350/ MycoKeys 48: 1-40

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.48.30350

Authors: Ben Bubner, Ramona Buchheit, Frank Friedrich, Volker Kummer, Markus Scholler

Abstract: Species of rust fungi of the genus Milesina (Pucciniastraceae, Pucciniales) are distributed mainly in northern temperate regions. They host-alternate between needles of fir (Abies spp.) and fronds of ferns (species of Polypodiales). Milesina species are distinguished based on host taxonomy and urediniospore morphology. In this study, 12 species of Milesina from Europe were revised. Specimens were examined by light and scanning electron microscopy for urediniospore morphology with a focus on visualising germ pores (number, size and position) and echinulation. In addition, barcode loci (ITS, nad6, 28S) were used for species delimitation and for molecular phylogenetic analyses. Barcodes of 72 Milesina specimens were provided, including 11 of the 12 species. Whereas urediniospore morphology features were sufficient to distinguish all 12 Milesina species except for 2 (M. blechni and M. kriegeriana), ITS sequences separated only 4 of 11 species. Sequencing with 28S and nad6 did not improve species resolution. Phylogenetic analysis, however, revealed four phylogenetic groups within Milesina that also correlate with specific urediniospore characters (germ pore number and position and echinulation). These groups are proposed as new sections within Milesina (sections Milesina, Vogesiacae M. Scholler & Bubner, sect. nov., Scolopendriorum M. Scholler & Bubner, sect. nov. and Carpaticae M. Scholler & Bubner, sect. nov.). In addition, Milesina woodwardiana Buchheit & M. Scholler, sp. nov. on Woodwardia radicans, a member of the type section Milesina, is newly described. An identification key for European Milesina species, based on urediniospore features, is provided.

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Research Article Tue, 5 Mar 2019 09:53:53 +0200
Neoprotoparmelia gen. nov. and Maronina (Lecanorales, Protoparmelioideae): species description and generic delimitation using DNA barcodes and phenotypical characters https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/29904/ MycoKeys 44: 19-50

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.44.29904

Authors: Garima Singh, André Aptroot, Víctor J. Rico, Jürgen Otte, Pradeep K. Divakar, Ana Crespo, Marcela Eugenia da Silva Cáceres, H. Thorsten Lumbsch, Imke Schmitt

Abstract: Multilocus phylogenetic studies revealed a high level of cryptic diversity within the lichen-forming fungal genus Maronina (Protoparmelioideae, Parmeliaceae). Coalescent-based species delimitation suggested that most of the cryptic molecular lineages warranted recognition as separate species. Here we study the morphology and chemistry of these taxa and formally describe eight new species based on phenotypical and molecular characters. Further, we evaluate the use of ITS rDNA as a DNA barcode for identifying species in this genus. For the first time, we obtained an ITS sequence of Maronina australiensis, the type species of the genus and showed that it is phylogenetically not closely related to species currently placed in Maronina or Protoparmelia. We assembled a dataset of 66 ITS sequences to assess the interspecies genetic distances amongst the twelve Maronina species using ITS as DNA barcode. We found that Maronina and Protoparmelia form a supported monophyletic group whereas M. australiensis is sister to both. We therefore propose a new genus Neoprotoparmelia to accommodate the tropical-subtropical species within Protoparmelioideae, with Neoprotoparmelia corallifera as the type, N. amerisidiata, N. australisidiata, N. brasilisidiata, N. capensis, N. crassa, N. pauli, N. plurisporibadia and N. siamisidiata as new species and N. capitata, N. isidiata, N. multifera, N. orientalis and N. pulchra as new proposed combinations. We provide a key to Neoprotoparmelia and confirm the use of ITS for accurately identifying species in this group.

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Research Article Fri, 14 Dec 2018 16:12:44 +0200
Two new African siblings of Pulveroboletus ravenelii (Boletaceae) https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/30776/ MycoKeys 43: 115-130

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.43.30776

Authors: Sylvestre A. Badou, André De Kesel, Olivier Raspé, Martin K. Ryberg, Atsu K. Guelly, Nourou S. Yorou

Abstract: This paper sorts out the taxonomy of species affiliated with Pulveroboletus ravenelii in the Guineo-soudanian and Zambezian woodlands of Africa. Morphological and genetic characters of African Pulveroboletus collections were studied and compared to those of North American and Asian species. A phylogenetic analysis showed that the African specimens form a subclade, sister to the Asian and American taxa. Although clamp connections have previously never been reported from Pulveroboletus, all specimens of the African subclade show very small clamp connections. Two new African species, Pulveroboletus africanus sp. nov. and P. sokponianus sp. nov., are described and illustrated. Comments concerning morphology and identification, as well as distribution and ecology, are given for both species.

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Research Article Wed, 12 Dec 2018 16:22:52 +0200
Corrigendum for: “Oomycete-specific ITS primers for identification and metabarcoding” published in MycoKeys, doi: 10.3897/mycokeys.14.9244 https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/30558/ MycoKeys 41: 119-120

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.41.30558

Authors: Taavi Riit, Leho Tedersoo, Rein Drenkhan, Eve Runno-Paurson, Harri Kokko, Sten Anslan

Abstract: The oomycete-specific ITS primers published by Riit et al. (2016) have been put to use in the scientific community working with oomycetes. Recently, however, it has been brought to our attention that the sequences of the primers ITS1oo and ITS3oo shown in the first Figure of the published manuscript are incomplete, when compared to the sequences of the same primers as listed on the UNITE website. This discrepancy is derived from re-checking primer sequences from tube labels that are restricted to the first 18 bases.Closer examination revealed that the sequence of primer ITS1oo in Figure 1 is missing one nucleotide from the 3’ end and the primer ITS3oo is missing two nucleotides from the 3’ end. These errors are expected to reduce relative primer specificity to Oomycetes, which probably results in lower proportion of this group in metabarcoding studies. We hereby provide the updated figure (Figure 1) with correct information. We apologize to all users of these erroneous primers for their suboptimal performance. We are grateful to Dr. Diana Marčiulynienė and Dr. Sannakajsa Velmala for pointing out these problems.

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Corrigenda Mon, 5 Nov 2018 16:41:15 +0200
Three new species of Phanerochaete (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/29070/ MycoKeys 41: 91-106

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.41.29070

Authors: Sheng-Hua Wu, Che-Chih Chen, Chia-Ling Wei

Abstract: Phanerochaete canobrunnea, P. cystidiata and P. fusca are presented as new species, supported by morphological studies and two sets of phylogenetic analyses. The 5.8S+nuc 28S+rpb1 dataset shows the generic placement of the three species within the phlebioid clade of Polyporales. The ITS+nuc 28S dataset displays relationships for the new taxa within Phanerochaete s.s. Phanerochaete canobrunnea grew on angiosperm branches in subtropical Taiwan and is characterised by greyish brown hymenial surface, brown generative hyphae and skeletal hyphae and absence of cystidia. Phanerochaete cystidiata grew on angiosperm branches above 1000 m in montane Taiwan and SW Yunnan Province of China and is characterised by cream to yellowish hymenial surface and more or less encrusted leptocystidia. Phanerochaete fusca grew on angiosperm branches at 1700 m in Hubei Province of China and is characterised by dark brown hymenial surface, leptocystidia, brown subicular hyphae and colourless to brownish basidiospores.

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Research Article Fri, 26 Oct 2018 09:09:22 +0300
Taxonomy and phylogeny of Dichostereum (Russulales), with descriptions of three new species from southern China https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/28700/ MycoKeys 40: 111-126

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.40.28700

Authors: Shi-Liang Liu, Shuang-Hui He

Abstract: Nine species of Dichostereum were subjected to phylogenetic analyses, based on a combined dataset of ITS1-5.8S-ITS2-nrLSU-tef1 sequences. The morphology of specimens collected from China and Australia were studied. Three species, D. austrosinense, D. boidinii and D. eburneum, collected from southern China, are described and illustrated as new to science, based on the morphological and molecular evidence. Dichostereum austrosinense is characterised by the relatively large gloeocystidia (80–130 × 8–15 µm) and basidiospores (7.3–8 µm in diam.) with large warts and crests. Dichostereum boidinii is distinguished by its thick basidiomata and relatively small basidiospores (5.5–6.5 µm in diam.) with large warts and crests. Dichostereum eburneum is unique in having pale basidiomata growing on bark of living Castanopsis, abundant crystals in the context and basidiospores with dense and large ornamentations. A key to the 5 species of Dichostereum in China is given.

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Research Article Wed, 10 Oct 2018 09:26:21 +0300
Hydnophanerochaete and Odontoefibula, two new genera of phanerochaetoid fungi (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) from East Asia https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/28010/ MycoKeys 39: 75-96

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.39.28010

Authors: Che-Chih Chen, Sheng-Hua Wu, Chi-Yu Chen

Abstract: Two new genera with phylogenetic affinities to Phanerochaete s.l. are presented, namely Hydnophanerochaete and Odontoefibula. The generic type of Hydnophanerochaete is Phanerochaete odontoidea. Odontoefibula is established based on a new species: O. orientalis (generic type). Both genera have effused basidiocarps with odontioid hymenial surface, simple-septate generative hyphae, cystidia lacking, clavate basidia and ellipsoid basidiospores that are smooth, thin-walled, inamyloid, non-dextrinoid and acyanophilous. Hydnophanerochaete is additionally characterised by a compact texture in the subiculum with thick-walled generative hyphae and quasi-binding hyphae. Odontoefibula has a dense texture of subiculum with thin- to slightly thick-walled hyphae and further a dark reddish reaction of basidiocarps when treated with KOH. Multi-marker phylogenetic analyses based on sequences, inferred from the ITS+nuc 28S+rpb1+rpb2+tef1 dataset, indicate that Hydnophanerochaete and Odontoefibula are placed in the Meruliaceae and Donkia clades of Phanerochaetaceae, respectively. Phanerochaete subodontoidea is a synonym of P. odontoidea, according to morphological and molecular evidence.

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Research Article Mon, 17 Sep 2018 16:59:50 +0300
High diversity of Diaporthe species associated with dieback diseases in China, with twelve new species described https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/26914/ MycoKeys 39: 97-149

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.39.26914

Authors: Qin Yang, Xin-Lei Fan, Vladimiro Guarnaccia, Cheng-Ming Tian

Abstract: Diaporthe species have often been reported as important plant pathogens, saprobes and endophytes on a wide range of plant hosts. Although several Diaporthe species have been recorded in China, little is known about species able to infect forest trees. Therefore, extensive surveys were recently conducted in Beijing, Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi and Zhejiang Provinces. The current results emphasised on 15 species from 42 representative isolates involving 16 host genera using comparisons of DNA sequence data for the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS), calmodulin (cal), histone H3 (his3), partial translation elongation factor-1α (tef1) and β-tubulin (tub2) gene regions, as well as their morphological features. Three known species, D. biguttulata, D. eres and D. unshiuensis, were identified. In addition, twelve novel taxa were collected and are described as D. acerigena, D. alangii, D. betulina, D. caryae, D. cercidis, D. chensiensis, D. cinnamomi, D. conica, D. fraxinicola, D. kadsurae, D. padina and D. ukurunduensis. The current study improves the understanding of species causing diebacks on ecological and economic forest trees and provides useful information for the effective disease management of these hosts in China.

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Research Article Mon, 17 Sep 2018 09:24:14 +0300
Great differences in performance and outcome of high-throughput sequencing data analysis platforms for fungal metabarcoding https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/28109/ MycoKeys 39: 29-40

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.39.28109

Authors: Sten Anslan, R. Henrik Nilsson, Christian Wurzbacher, Petr Baldrian, Leho Tedersoo, Mohammad Bahram

Abstract: Along with recent developments in high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies and thus fast accumulation of HTS data, there has been a growing need and interest for developing tools for HTS data processing and communication. In particular, a number of bioinformatics tools have been designed for analysing metabarcoding data, each with specific features, assumptions and outputs. To evaluate the potential effect of the application of different bioinformatics workflow on the results, we compared the performance of different analysis platforms on two contrasting high-throughput sequencing data sets. Our analysis revealed that the computation time, quality of error filtering and hence output of specific bioinformatics process largely depends on the platform used. Our results show that none of the bioinformatics workflows appears to perfectly filter out the accumulated errors and generate Operational Taxonomic Units, although PipeCraft, LotuS and PIPITS perform better than QIIME2 and Galaxy for the tested fungal amplicon dataset. We conclude that the output of each platform requires manual validation of the OTUs by examining the taxonomy assignment values.

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Short Communication Mon, 10 Sep 2018 09:16:48 +0300
Multilocus phylogeny reveals taxonomic misidentification of the Schizopora paradoxa (KUC8140) representative genome https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/28497/ MycoKeys 38: 121-127

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.38.28497

Authors: Javier Fernández-López, María P. Martín, Margarita Dueñas, M. Teresa Telleria

Abstract: Schizopora paradoxa, current name Xylodon paradoxus, is a white-rot fungus with certain useful biotechnological properties. The representative genome of Schizopora paradoxa strain KUC8140 was published in 2015 as part of the 1000 Fungal Genomes Project. Multilocus phylogenetic analyses, based on three nuclear regions (ITS, LSU and rpb2), confirmed a misidentification of S. paradoxa strain KUC8140 which should be identified as Xylodon ovisporus. This wrong identification explains the unexpected geographical distribution of S. paradoxa, since this species has a European distribution, whereas the strain KUC8140 was recorded from Korea, Eastern Asia.

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Short Communication Tue, 28 Aug 2018 13:25:04 +0300
Three new species of Aleurodiscus s.l. (Russulales, Basidiomycota) from southern China https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/25901/ MycoKeys 37: 93-107

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.37.25901

Authors: Yan Tian, Masoomeh Ghobad-Nejhad, Shuang-Hui He, Yu-Cheng Dai

Abstract: Three new species of Aleurodiscus s.l. with corticioid basidiomata are described and illustrated from southern China based on morphological evidence and phylogenetic analyses of ITS and nrLSU sequence data. Aleurodiscus bambusinus was collected from Jiangxi Province on bamboo and is distinct by having a compact texture, simple-septate generative hyphae, abundant acanthophyses, basidia with acanthophysoid appendages and smooth basidiospores. Aleurodiscus isabellinus was collected from Yunnan Province on both angiosperm wood and bamboo and is distinct by having soft basidiomata with yellow to yellowish-brown hymenophore, yellow acanthophyses, simple-septate generative hyphae and smooth basidiospores. Aleurodiscus subroseus was collected from Guangxi Autonomous Region and Guizhou Province on angiosperm wood and is distinct by having pinkish basidiomata when fresh, clamped generative hyphae, clavate acanthophyses and echinulate basidiospores. In the phylogenetic tree, A. bambusinus and A. isabellinus were nested within the A. cerussatus group, whilst A. subroseus was clustered with A. wakefieldiae. An identification key to 26 species of Aleurodiscus s.l. in China is provided.

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Research Article Fri, 3 Aug 2018 13:45:21 +0300
Short-spored Subulicystidium (Trechisporales, Basidiomycota): high morphological diversity and only partly clear species boundaries https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/25678/ MycoKeys 35: 41-99

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.35.25678

Authors: Alexander Ordynets, David Scherf, Felix Pansegrau, Jonathan Denecke, Ludmila Lysenko, Karl-Henrik Larsson, Ewald Langer

Abstract: Diversity of corticioid fungi (resupinate Basidiomycota), especially outside the northern temperate climatic zone, remains poorly explored. Furthermore, most of the known species are delimited by morphological concepts only and, not rarely, these concepts are too broad and need to be tested by molecular tools. For many decades, the delimitation of species in the genus Subulicystidium (Hydnodontaceae, Trechisporales) was a challenge for mycologists. The presence of numerous transitional forms as to basidiospore size and shape hindered species delimitation and almost no data on molecular diversity have been available. In this study, an extensive set of 144 Subulicystidium specimens from Paleo- and Neotropics was examined. Forty-nine sequences of ITS nuclear ribosomal DNA region and 51 sequences of 28S nuclear ribosomal DNA region from fruit bodies of Subulicystidium were obtained and analysed within the barcoding gap framework and with phylogenetic Bayesian and Maximum likelihood approaches. Eleven new species of Subulicystidium are described based on morphology and molecular analyses: Subulicystidium boidinii, S. fusisporum, S. grandisporum, S. harpagum, S. inornatum, S. oberwinkleri, S. parvisporum, S. rarocrystallinum, S. robustius, S. ryvardenii and S. tedersooi. Morphological and DNA-evidenced borders were revised for the five previously known species: S. naviculatum, S. nikau, S. obtusisporum, S. brachysporum and S. meridense. Species-level variation in basidiospore size and shape was estimated based on systematic measurements of 2840 spores from 67 sequenced specimens. An updated identification key to all known species of Subulicystidium is provided.

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Research Article Wed, 27 Jun 2018 09:49:00 +0300
Taxonomy and phylogeny of Lopharia s.s., Dendrodontia, Dentocorticium and Fuscocerrena (Basidiomycota, Polyporales) https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/23641/ MycoKeys 32: 25-48

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.32.23641

Authors: Shi-Liang Liu, Karen K. Nakasone, Sheng-Hua Wu, Shuang-Hui He, Yu-Cheng Dai

Abstract: Eleven taxa of Lopharia s.s., Dendrodontia, Dentocorticium and Fuscocerrena in Polyporales are included in the phylogenetic analyses of nuc rDNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS), D1-D2 domains of nuc 28S rDNA (28S) and RNA polymerase II second-largest subunit (rpb2) sequences. New species Lopharia resupinata and L. sinensis are described and illustrated. Lopharia resupinata, from south-eastern China, is closely related to L. ayresii, and L. sinensis, from northern China, is related to L. cinerascens and L. mirabilis. Lopharia mirabilis specimens from temperate to tropical areas with varied hymenophore configurations all cluster together in a fully supported clade. Dendrodontia and Fuscocerrena are shown to be synonyms of Dentocorticium, which is phylogenetically related to Lopharia. Four new combinations, Dentocorticium bicolor, D. hyphopaxillosum, D. portoricense and D. taiwanianum, are proposed. Revised generic descriptions of Lopharia and Dentocorticium are provided with keys to the six accepted species in each genus. A list of all names in Lopharia and Dentocorticium are presented with their current taxonomic status. Type specimens of Dentocorticium brasiliense and D. irregulare were examined and determined to be later synonyms of Punctularia subhepatica and Diplomitoporus daedaleiformis, respectively.

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Research Article Thu, 15 Mar 2018 09:35:51 +0200