Latest Articles from MycoKeys Latest 47 Articles from MycoKeys https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/ Fri, 29 Mar 2024 15:11:44 +0200 Pensoft FeedCreator https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/i/logo.jpg Latest Articles from MycoKeys https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/ Rostrupomyces, a new genus to accommodate Xerocomus sisongkhramensis, and a new Hemileccinum species (Xerocomoideae, Boletaceae) from Thailand https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/107935/ MycoKeys 103: 129-165

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.103.107935

Authors: Santhiti Vadthanarat, Bhavesh Raghoonundon, Saisamorn Lumyong, Olivier Raspé

Abstract: A new genus, Rostrupomyces is established to accommodate Xerocomus sisongkhramensis based on multiple protein-coding genes (atp6, cox3, tef1, and rpb2) analyses of a wide taxon sampling of Boletaceae. In our phylogeny, the new genus was sister to Rubinosporus in subfamily Xerocomoideae, phylogenetically distant from Xerocomus, which was highly supported as sister to Phylloporus in the same subfamily Xerocomoideae. Rostrupomyces is different from other genera in Boletaceae by the following combination of characters: rugulose to subrugulose pileus surface, white pores when young becoming pale yellow in age, subscabrous stipe surface scattered with granulose squamules, white basal mycelium, unchanging color in any parts, yellowish brown spore print, and broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid, smooth basidiospores. In addition, Hemileccinum inferius, also from subfamily Xerocomoideae, is newly described. Detailed descriptions and illustrations of the new genus and new species are presented.

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Research Article Thu, 28 Mar 2024 18:08:02 +0200
Hidden diversity of Pestalotiopsis and Neopestalotiopsis (Amphisphaeriales, Sporocadaceae) species allied with the stromata of entomopathogenic fungi in Taiwan https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/113090/ MycoKeys 101: 275-312

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.101.113090

Authors: Sheng-Yu Hsu, Yuan-Cheng Xu, Yu-Chen Lin, Wei-Yu Chuang, Shiou-Ruei Lin, Marc Stadler, Narumon Tangthirasunun, Ratchadawan Cheewangkoon, Hind A. AL-Shwaiman, Abdallah M. Elgorban, Hiran A. Ariyawansa

Abstract: Pestalotiopsis sensu lato, commonly referred to as pestalotiopsis-like fungi, exhibit a broad distribution and are frequently found as endophytes, saprobes and pathogens across various plant hosts. The taxa within pestalotiopsis-like fungi are classified into three genera viz. Pestalotiopsis, Pseudopestalotiopsis and Neopestalotiopsis, based on the conidial colour of their median cells and multi-locus molecular phylogenies. In the course of a biodiversity investigation focusing on pestalotiopsis-like fungi, a total of 12 fungal strains were identified. These strains were found to be associated with stromata of Beauveria, Ophiocordyceps and Tolypocladium in various regions of Taiwan from 2018 to 2021. These strains were evaluated morphologically and multi-locus phylogenetic analyses of the ITS (internal transcribed spacer), tef1-α (translation elongation factor 1-α) and tub2 (beta-tubulin) gene regions were conducted for genotyping. The results revealed seven well-classified taxa and one tentative clade in Pestalotiopsis and Neopestalotiopsis. One novel species, Pestalotiopsis manyueyuanani and four new records, N. camelliae-oleiferae, N. haikouensis, P. chamaeropis and P. hispanica, were reported for the first time in Taiwan. In addition, P. formosana and an unclassified strain of Neopestalotiopsis were identified, based on similarities of phylogeny and morphology. However, the data obtained in the present study suggest that the currently recommended loci for species delimitation of pestalotiopsis-like fungi do not deliver reliable or adequate resolution of tree topologies. The in-vitro mycelial growth rates of selected strains from these taxa had an optimum temperature of 25 °C, but growth ceased at 5 °C and 35 °C, while all the strains grew faster under alkaline than acidic or neutral pH conditions. This study provides the first assessment of pestalotiopsis-like fungi, associated with entomopathogenic taxa.

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Research Article Wed, 31 Jan 2024 11:56:12 +0200
Taxonomic novelties and global biogeography of Montagnula (Ascomycota, Didymosphaeriaceae) https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/113259/ MycoKeys 101: 191-232

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.101.113259

Authors: Dhanushka N. Wanasinghe, Thilina S. Nimalrathna, Li Qin Xian, Turki Kh. Faraj, Jianchu Xu, Peter E. Mortimer

Abstract: Whilst conducting surveys of lignicolous microfungi in Yunnan Province, we collected a large number of taxa that resemble Montagnula (Didymosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales). Our phylogenetic study on Montagnula involved analysing sequence data from ribosomal RNA genes (nc18S, nc28S, ITS) and protein-coding genes (rpb2, tef1-α). We present a biphasic approach (morphological and molecular phylogenetic evidence) that supports the recognition of four new species in Montagnula viz., M. lijiangensis, M. menglaensis, M. shangrilana and M. thevetiae. The global diversity of Montagnula is also inferred from metabarcoding data and published records based on field observations. Metabarcoding data from GlobalFungi and field observations provided insights into the global diversity and distribution patterns of Montagnula. Studies conducted in Asia, Australia, Europe, and North America revealed a concentration of Montagnula species, suggesting regional variations in ecological preferences and distribution. Montagnula species were found on various substrates, with sediments yielding a high number of sequences. Poaceae emerged as a significant contributor, indicating a potential association between Montagnula species and grasses. Culture-based investigations from previously published data revealed Montagnula species associations with 105 plant genera (in 45 plant families), across 55 countries, highlighting their wide ecological range and adaptability. This study enhances our understanding of the taxonomy, distribution, and ecological preferences of Montagnula species. It emphasizes their role in the decomposition of organic matter in grasslands and savannah systems and suggests further investigation into their functional roles in ecosystem processes. The global distribution patterns and ecological interactions of Montagnula species underscore the need for continued research and conservation efforts.

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Research Article Fri, 19 Jan 2024 10:12:55 +0200
Two new species of Samsoniella (Cordycipitaceae, Hypocreales) from the Mayao River Valley, Guizhou, China https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/109961/ MycoKeys 99: 209-226

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.99.109961

Authors: Wan-Hao Chen, Jian-Dong Liang, Xiu-Xiu Ren, Jie-Hong Zhao, Yan-Feng Han

Abstract: Samsoniella species have been often found in the forest habitat and rarely found in special karst eco-environments, such as Tiankeng, valleys and caves. In this research, eleven cordyceps specimens were collected from Mayao River Valley. A known species (S. haniana) and two new species (S. duyunensis and S. vallis) were established and described according to a multilocus phylogenetic analysis and morphological characteristics. Our results provide insight that the richness of Samsoniella species in karst eco-environments and further attention should be paid to entomopathogenic fungi in such habitats.

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Research Article Fri, 15 Sep 2023 13:50:07 +0300
Botryosphaerialean fungi associated with woody oil plants cultivated in Sichuan Province, China https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/103118/ MycoKeys 97: 71-116

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.97.103118

Authors: Wen-Li Li, Rui-Ru Liang, Asha J. Dissanayake, Jian-Kui Liu

Abstract: Woody oil plants are important economic trees which are widely cultivated and distributed throughout China. Surveys conducted during 2020 and 2021 on several woody oil plantations from five regions of Sichuan Province, China, revealed a high diversity of Botryosphaerialean fungi. The identification of 50 botryosphaeriaceous isolates was carried out based on both morphology and multi-gene phylogenetic analysis of internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene (tef1) and β-tubulin gene (tub2). This allowed the identification of twelve previously known Botryosphaeriales species: Aplosporella prunicola, A. ginkgonis, Barriopsis tectonae, Botryosphaeria dothidea, Bo. fabicerciana, Diplodia mutila, Di. seriata, Dothiorella sarmentorum, Neofusicoccum parvum, Sardiniella guizhouensis, Sphaeropsis citrigena, and Sp. guizhouensis, and four novel species belonging to the genera Diplodia and Dothiorella, viz. Di. acerigena, Di. pistaciicola, Do. camelliae and Do. zanthoxyli. The dominant species isolated across the surveyed regions were Botryosphaeria dothidea, Sardiniella guizhouensis and Diplodia mutila, representing 20%, 14% and 12% of the total isolates, respectively. In addition, most isolates were obtained from Pistacia chinensis (14 isolates), followed by Camellia oleifera (10 isolates). The present study enhances the understanding of Botryosphaeriales species diversity on woody oil plants in Sichuan Province, China.

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Research Article Tue, 23 May 2023 14:38:16 +0300
How, not if, is the question mycologists should be asking about DNA-based typification https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/102669/ MycoKeys 96: 143-157

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.96.102669

Authors: R. Henrik Nilsson, Martin Ryberg, Christian Wurzbacher, Leho Tedersoo, Sten Anslan, Sergei Põlme, Viacheslav Spirin, Vladimir Mikryukov, Sten Svantesson, Martin Hartmann, Charlotte Lennartsdotter, Pauline Belford, Maryia Khomich, Alice Retter, Natàlia Corcoll, Daniela Gómez Martinez, Tobias Jansson, Masoomeh Ghobad-Nejhad, Duong Vu, Marisol Sanchez-Garcia, Erik Kristiansson, Kessy Abarenkov

Abstract: Fungal metabarcoding of substrates such as soil, wood, and water is uncovering an unprecedented number of fungal species that do not seem to produce tangible morphological structures and that defy our best attempts at cultivation, thus falling outside the scope of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants. The present study uses the new, ninth release of the species hypotheses of the UNITE database to show that species discovery through environmental sequencing vastly outpaces traditional, Sanger sequencing-based efforts in a strongly increasing trend over the last five years. Our findings challenge the present stance of some in the mycological community – that the current situation is satisfactory and that no change is needed to “the code” – and suggest that we should be discussing not whether to allow DNA-based descriptions (typifications) of species and by extension higher ranks of fungi, but what the precise requirements for such DNA-based typifications should be. We submit a tentative list of such criteria for further discussion. The present authors hope for a revitalized and deepened discussion on DNA-based typification, because to us it seems harmful and counter-productive to intentionally deny the overwhelming majority of extant fungi a formal standing under the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants.

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Forum Paper Mon, 10 Apr 2023 10:59:55 +0300
Corrigendum: Pintos Á, Alvarado P (2022) New studies on Apiospora (Amphisphaeriales, Apiosporaceae): epitypification of Sphaeria apiospora, proposal of Ap. marianiae sp. nov. and description of the asexual morph of Ap. sichuanensis. MycoKeys 92: 63–78. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.92.87593 https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/94104/ MycoKeys 92: 165-166

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.92.94104

Authors: Ángel Pintos, Pablo Alvarado

Abstract: In the published version of the article “New studies on Apiospora (Amphisphaeriales, Apiosporaceae): epitypification of Sphaeria apiospora, proposal of Ap. marianiae sp. nov. and description of the asexual morph of Ap. sichuanensis” by Pintos & Alvarado, MycoKeys 92: 63–78 (2022) the culture designated as holotype of Apiospora marianiae was not indicated as being preserved in a metabolically inactive state. As a consequence, the proposed new species name is invalid due to Art. 40.8 of the Shenzhen Code. In addition, the epitypification of Sphaeria apiospora was published without an identifier and is therefore not Code compliant (Art. F.5.4, Shenzhen Code). The species is here validated, and the epitype designated again.

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Corrigenda Tue, 13 Sep 2022 10:32:28 +0300
Two new species in Capillidium (Ancylistaceae, Entomophthorales) from China, with a proposal for a new combination https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/79537/ MycoKeys 89: 139-153

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.89.79537

Authors: Yong Nie, Heng Zhao, ZiMin Wang, ZhengYu Zhou, XiaoYong Liu, Bo Huang

Abstract: A taxonomic revision of Conidiobolus s.l. (Ancylistaceae, Entomophthorales) delimited all members that form capilliconidia into the genus Capillidium. In this study, we report two new species of Capillidium that were isolated in China. Capillidium macrocapilliconidium sp. nov. is characterised by large capilliconidia. Capillidium jiangsuense sp. nov. is differentiated by large capilliconidia and long, slender secondary conidiophores. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using sequences from the nuclear large subunit of rDNA (nucLSU), the mitochondrial small subunit of rDNA (mtSSU) and elongation-factor-like (EFL). The analyses revealed sister relationships between Ca. macrocapilliconidium sp. nov. and Ca. globuliferus / Ca. pumilum and between Ca. jiangsuense sp. nov. and Ca. denaeosporum. Additionally, a new combination of Ca. rugosum (Drechsler) B. Huang & Y. Nie comb. nov. is proposed herein. An identification key is provided for the ten accepted Capillidium species.

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Research Article Fri, 29 Apr 2022 10:29:45 +0300
Revision of Immersaria and a new lecanorine genus in Lecideaceae (lichenised Ascomycota, Lecanoromycetes) https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/72614/ MycoKeys 87: 99-132

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.87.72614

Authors: Cong-Miao Xie, Li-Song Wang, Zun-Tian Zhao, Yan-Yun Zhang, Xin-Yu Wang, Lu-Lu Zhang

Abstract: The species Immersaria cupreoatra has been included in Bellemerea. This caused us to reconsider the relationships between Bellemerea and the lecanorine species of Immersaria and to question the monophyly of Immersaria. Amongst 25 genera of the family Lecideaceae, most have lecideine apothecia, the exceptions being Bellemerea and Koerberiella, which have lecanorine apothecia. According to previous classifications, Immersaria included species with both lecanorine and lecideine apothecia. A five-loci phylogenetic tree (nrITS, nrLSU, RPB1, RPB2, and mtSSU) for Lecideaceae showed that Immersaria was split into two clades: firstly, all the lecideine apotheciate species and secondly, all the lecanorine apotheciate species. The latter clade was closely related to the remaining lecanorine apotheciate genera: Bellemerea and Koerberiella. Therefore, the genus concept of Immersaria is revised accordingly and a new lecanorine genus Lecaimmeria is proposed. Furthermore, four new species for Immersaria and seven new species and three new combinations for the new genus Lecaimmeria are proposed. Keys to Immersaria and the new genus Lecaimmeria are provided.

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Research Article Tue, 15 Feb 2022 11:09:19 +0200
The curse of the uncultured fungus https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/76053/ MycoKeys 86: 177-194

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.86.76053

Authors: Kessy Abarenkov, Erik Kristiansson, Martin Ryberg, Sandra Nogal-Prata, Daniela Gómez-Martínez, Katrin Stüer-Patowsky, Tobias Jansson, Sergei Põlme, Masoomeh Ghobad-Nejhad, Natàlia Corcoll, Ruud Scharn, Marisol Sánchez-García, Maryia Khomich, Christian Wurzbacher, R. Henrik Nilsson

Abstract: The international DNA sequence databases abound in fungal sequences not annotated beyond the kingdom level, typically bearing names such as “uncultured fungus”. These sequences beget low-resolution mycological results and invite further deposition of similarly poorly annotated entries. What do these sequences represent? This study uses a 767,918-sequence corpus of public full-length fungal ITS sequences to estimate what proportion of the 95,055 “uncultured fungus” sequences that represent truly unidentifiable fungal taxa – and what proportion of them that would have been straightforward to annotate to some more meaningful taxonomic level at the time of sequence deposition. Our results suggest that more than 70% of these sequences would have been trivial to identify to at least the order/family level at the time of sequence deposition, hinting that factors other than poor availability of relevant reference sequences explain the low-resolution names. We speculate that researchers’ perceived lack of time and lack of insight into the ramifications of this problem are the main explanations for the low-resolution names. We were surprised to find that more than a fifth of these sequences seem to have been deposited by mycologists rather than researchers unfamiliar with the consequences of poorly annotated fungal sequences in molecular repositories. The proportion of these needlessly poorly annotated sequences does not decline over time, suggesting that this problem must not be left unchecked.

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Research Article Wed, 2 Feb 2022 10:49:31 +0200
Unravelling unexplored diversity of cercosporoid fungi (Mycosphaerellaceae, Mycosphaerellales, Ascomycota) in tropical Africa https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/67850/ MycoKeys 81: 69-138

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.81.67850

Authors: Yalemwork Meswaet, Ralph Mangelsdorff, Nourou S. Yorou, Meike Piepenbring

Abstract: Cercosporoid fungi (Mycosphaerellaceae, Mycosphaerellales, Ascomycota) are one of the largest and most diverse groups of hyphomycetes causing a wide range of diseases of economically important plants as well as of plants in the wild. Although more than 6000 species are known for this group, the documentation of this fungal group is far from complete. Especially in the tropics, the diversity of cercosporoid fungi is poorly known. The present study aims to identify and characterise cercosporoid fungi collected on host plants belonging to Fabaceae in Benin, West Africa. Information on their morphology, host species and DNA sequence data (18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, ITS and tef1) is provided. DNA sequence data were obtained by a simple and non-culture-based method for DNA isolation which has been applied for cercosporoid fungi for the first time in the context of the present study. Among the loci used for the phylogenetic analysis, tef1 provided the best resolution together with the multigene dataset. Species delimitation in many cases, however, was only possible by combining molecular sequence data with morphological characteristics. Based on forty specimens recently collected in Benin, 18 species are presented with morphological descriptions, illustrations and sequence data. Among these, six species in the genus Cercospora and two species in Pseudocercospora are proposed as species new to science. The newly described species are Cercospora (C.) beninensis on Crotalaria macrocalyx, C. parakouensis on Desmodium tortuosum, C. rhynchophora on Vigna unguiculata, C. vignae-subterraneae on Vigna subterranea, C. tentaculifera on Vigna unguiculata, C. zorniicola on Zornia glochidiata, Pseudocercospora sennicola on Senna occidentalis and Pseudocercospora tabei on Vigna unguiculata. Eight species of cercosporoid fungi are reported for Benin for the first time, three of them, namely C. cf. canscorina, C. cf. fagopyri and C. phaseoli-lunati are new for West Africa. The presence of two species of cercosporoid fungi on Fabaceae previously reported from Benin, namely Nothopassalora personata and Passalora arachidicola, is confirmed.

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Research Article Thu, 17 Jun 2021 08:13:43 +0300
Multi-gene phylogenetic evidence indicates that Pleurodesmospora belongs in Cordycipitaceae (Hypocreales, Hypocreomycetidae) and Pleurodesmospora lepidopterorum sp. nov. on pupa from China https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/66794/ MycoKeys 80: 45-55

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.80.66794

Authors: Wan-Hao Chen, Yan-Feng Han, Jian-Dong Liang, Wei-Yi Tian, Zong-Qi Liang

Abstract: A new species, Pleurodesmospora lepidopterorum, isolated from a pupa, is introduced. Morphological comparisons and phylogenetic analyses based on multigene datasets (ITS+RPB1+RPB2+TEF) support the establishment of the new species. Pleurodesmospora lepidopterorum is distinguished from P. coccorum by its longer conidiogenous pegs located in the terminal or lateral conidiophores, and smaller subglobose or ellipsoidal conidia. A combined dataset of RPB1, RPB2, and TEF confirmed the taxonomic placement of Pleurodesmospora in Cordycipitaceae for the first time.

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Research Article Fri, 7 May 2021 12:52:08 +0300
Morpho-molecular characterization of Discosia ravennica sp. nov. and a new host record for Sporocadus rosigena https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/60662/ MycoKeys 79: 173-192

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.79.60662

Authors: Digvijayini Bundhun, Rajesh Jeewon, Indunil C. Senanayake, Erio Camporesi, Janith V. S. Aluthmuhandiram, Alvin M. C. Tang, Ji-Chuan Kang, Vishwakalyan Bhoyroo, Kevin D. Hyde

Abstract: Collections of fungal samples from two dead leaf specimens from Italy were subjected to morphological examination and phylogenetic analyses. Two coelomycetous taxa belonging to two different genera in Xylariomycetidae, Sordariomycetes, namely Discosia and Sporocadus, were identified. The Discosia taxon is revealed as a new species and is herein introduced as Discosia ravennica sp. nov. while the Sporocadus taxon is identified as Sporocadus rosigena. Multi-locus phylogeny based on DNA sequence data of the large subunit (LSU) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal genes, β-tubulin (β-tub) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2) showed that D. ravennica is related to D. neofraxinea but it forms an independent lineage that supports its new species status. The new taxon also differs from other Discosia species by its unilocular to bilocular, superficial and applanate conidiomata with basal stroma composed of cells of textura angularis, elongate-ampulliform conidiogenous cells and conidia smaller in size. Sporocadus rosigena is here reported as a new host record from Quercus ilex from Italy. Descriptions, illustrations and molecular data for both species are provided in this paper.

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Research Article Tue, 27 Apr 2021 07:54:51 +0300
A survey of Hebeloma (Hymenogastraceae) in Greenland https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/63363/ MycoKeys 79: 17-118

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.79.63363

Authors: Ursula Eberhardt, Henry J. Beker, Torbjørn Borgen, Henning Knudsen, Nicole Schütz, Steen A. Elborne

Abstract: This is the first study exclusively dedicated to the study of Hebeloma in Greenland. It is based on almost 400 collections, the great majority of which were collected by three of the co-authors over a period of 40 years and were lodged in the fungarium of the Natural History Museum in Copenhagen. The material was identified using molecular and morphological methods. In total, 28 species were recognized, 27 belonging to three sections, H. sects Hebeloma, Denudata and Velutipes. One species sampled was new to science and is here described as H. arcticum. For all species, a description, a distribution map within Greenland and macro and microphotographs are presented. A key is provided for the 28 species. The distribution of species within Greenland is discussed. The findings are placed in the context of studies of arctic and alpine Hebeloma from other parts of the world where comparable data exist. Notably, H. grandisporum, H. louiseae and H. islandicum, previously only known from Romania, Svalbard, Iceland or Norway, respectively, have been found in Greenland. The latter is also the only species encountered that does not belong to any of the above sections. Hebeloma excedens and H. colvinii – for the latter we here publish the first modern description – are to date only known from continental North America and now Greenland.

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Monograph Mon, 19 Apr 2021 12:00:18 +0300
Hebeloma in the Malay Peninsula: Masquerading within Psathyrella https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/57394/ MycoKeys 77: 117-141

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.77.57394

Authors: Ursula Eberhardt, Nicole Schütz, Henry J. Beker, Su See Lee, Egon Horak

Abstract: In 1994 Corner published five new species within the genus Psathyrella, all having been collected on the Malay Peninsula between 1929 and 1930. Three of these species belong to the genus Hebeloma and with their vinaceous colored lamellae and spore print, when fresh, they belong to H. sect. Porphyrospora. Of these three species, only one, P. flavidifolia, was validly published and thus we herewith recombine it as H. flavidifolium. The other two species, P. splendens and P. verrucispora, are synonyms of H. parvisporum and H. lactariolens, respectively. We also describe a new Malayan species, H. radicans, which also belongs to H. sect. Porphyrospora. These findings confirm the western Pacific Rim as a diversity hotspot for H. sect. Porphyrospora. The records described within this paper, represent the first recognition that the genus Hebeloma, and indeed that members of the ectomycorrhizal Hymenogastraceae, are present on the Malay Peninsula.

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Research Article Thu, 28 Jan 2021 13:36:21 +0200
Corrigendum: Spjut R, Simon A, Guissard M, Magain N, Sérusiaux E (2020) The fruticose genera in the Ramalinaceae (Ascomycota, Lecanoromycetes): their diversity and evolutionary history. MycoKeys 73: 1–68. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.73.47287 https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/59175/ MycoKeys 74: 109-110

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.74.59175

Authors: Richard Spjut, Antoine Simon, Martin Guissard, Nicolas Magain, Emmanuël Sérusiaux

Abstract: None

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Corrigenda Fri, 30 Oct 2020 08:55:29 +0200
The fruticose genera in the Ramalinaceae (Ascomycota, Lecanoromycetes): their diversity and evolutionary history https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/47287/ MycoKeys 73: 1-68

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.73.47287

Authors: Richard Spjut, Antoine Simon, Martin Guissard, Nicolas Magain, Emmanuël Sérusiaux

Abstract: We present phylogenetic analyses of the fruticose Ramalinaceae based on extensive collections from many parts of the world, with a special focus on the Vizcaíno deserts in north-western Mexico and the coastal desert in Namibia. We generate a four-locus DNA sequence dataset for accessions of Ramalina and two additional loci for Niebla and Vermilacinia. Four genera are strongly supported: the subcosmopolitan Ramalina, the new genus Namibialina endemic to SW Africa, and a duo formed by Niebla and Vermilacinia, endemic to the New World except the sorediate V. zebrina that disjunctly occurs in Namibia. The latter three genera are restricted to coastal desert and chaparral where vegetation depends on moisture from ocean fog. Ramalina is subcosmopolitan and much more diverse in its ecology. We show that Ramalina and its sister genus Namibialina diverged from each other at c. 48 Myrs, whereas Vermilacinia and Niebla split at c. 30 Myrs. The phylogeny of the fruticose genera remains unresolved to their ancestral crustose genera. Species delimitation within Namibialina and Ramalina is rather straightforward. The phylogeny and taxonomy of Vermilacinia are fully resolved, except for the two youngest clades of corticolous taxa, and support current taxonomy, including four new taxa described here. Secondary metabolite variation in Niebla generally coincides with major clades which are comprised of species complexes with still unresolved phylogenetic relationships. A micro-endemism pattern of allopatric species is strongly suspected for both genera, except for the corticolous taxa within Vermilacinia. Both Niebla and saxicolous Vermilacinia have chemotypes unique to species clades that are largely endemic to the Vizcaíno deserts. The following new taxa are described: Namibialina gen. nov. with N. melanothrix (comb. nov.) as type species, a single new species of Ramalina (R. krogiae) and four new species of Vermilacinia (V. breviloba, V. lacunosa, V. pustulata and V. reticulata). The new combination V. granulans is introduced. Two epithets are re-introduced for European Ramalina species: R. crispans (= R. peruviana auct. eur.) and R. rosacea (= R. bourgeana auct. p.p). A lectotype is designated for Vermilacinia procera. A key to saxicolous species of Vermilacinia is presented.

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Research Article Fri, 11 Sep 2020 14:49:22 +0300
Phylogeny- and morphology-based recognition of new species in the spider-parasitic genus Gibellula (Hypocreales, Cordycipitaceae) from Thailand https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/55088/ MycoKeys 72: 17-42

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.72.55088

Authors: Wilawan Kuephadungphan, Kanoksri Tasanathai, Booppa Petcharad, Artit Khonsanit, Marc Stadler, J. Jennifer Luangsa-ard

Abstract: Thailand is known to be a part of what is called the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot, hosting a vast array of organisms across its diverse ecosystems. This is reflected by the increasing number of new species described over time, especially fungi. However, a very few fungal species from the specialized spider-parasitic genus Gibellula have ever been reported from this region. A survey of invertebrate-pathogenic fungi in Thailand over several decades has led to the discovery of a number of fungal specimens with affinities to this genus. Integration of morphological traits into multi-locus phylogenetic analysis uncovered four new species: G. cebrennini, G. fusiformispora, G. pigmentosinum, and G. scorpioides. All these appear to be exclusively linked with torrubiella-like sexual morphs with the presence of granulomanus-like asexual morph in G. pigmentosinum and G. cebrennini. A remarkably high host specificity of these new species towards their spider hosts was revealed, and for the first time, evidence is presented for manipulation of host behavior in G. scorpioides.

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Research Article Wed, 2 Sep 2020 08:23:13 +0300
Multi-gene phylogenetic evidence suggests Dictyoarthrinium belongs in Didymosphaeriaceae (Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes) and Dictyoarthrinium musae sp. nov. on Musa from Thailand https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/55493/ MycoKeys 71: 101-118

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.71.55493

Authors: Binu C. Samarakoon, Dhanushka N. Wanasinghe, Milan C. Samarakoon, Rungtiwa Phookamsak, Eric H.C. McKenzie, Putarak Chomnunti, Kevin D. Hyde, Saisamorn Lumyong, Samantha C. Karunarathna

Abstract: Dead leaves of Musa sp. (banana) were collected in northern Thailand during an investigation of saprobic fungi. Preliminary morphological observations revealed that three specimens belong to Dictyoarthrinium. Phylogenetic analyses of combined SSU, LSU, ITS and tef1-α sequence data revealed that Dictyoarthrinium forms a clade in Didymosphaeriaceae (Massarineae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes) sister to Spegazzinia. Based on contrasting morphological features with the extant taxa of Dictyoarthrinium, coupled with the multigene analyses, Dictyoarthrinium musae sp. nov. is introduced herein. Our study provides the first detailed molecular investigation for Dictyoarthrinium and supports its placement in Didymosphaeriaceae (Massarineae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes). Previously, Dictyoarthrinium was classified in Apiosporaceae (Xylariales, Sordariomycetes).

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Research Article Wed, 5 Aug 2020 08:19:27 +0300
Morpho-molecular diversity of Linocarpaceae (Chaetosphaeriales): Claviformispora gen. nov. from decaying branches of Phyllostachys heteroclada https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/54231/ MycoKeys 70: 1-17

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.70.54231

Authors: Xiu-Lan Xu, Chun-Lin Yang, Rajesh Jeewon, Dhanushka N. Wanasinghe, Ying-Gao Liu, Qian-Gang Xiao

Abstract: In this paper, Claviformispora gen. nov. in Linocarpaceae is introduced from Phyllostachys heteroclada in Sichuan Province, China. The new genus is characterised by its distinct morphological characters, such as ostiole with periphyses, asci with a thick doughnut-shaped, J- apical ring and clavate ascospore without septum-like band and appendage. Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference phylogenetic analyses, based on DNA sequence data from ITS, LSU, SSU and TEF-1α regions, provide further evidence that the fungus is a distinct genus within this family. The new genus is compared with similar genera, such as Linocarpon and Neolinocarpon. Descriptions, illustrations and notes are provided for the new taxon.

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Research Article Thu, 16 Jul 2020 11:12:51 +0300
Corrigendum: Bien S, Damm U (2020) Arboricolonus simplex gen. et sp. nov. and novelties in Cadophora, Minutiella and Proliferodiscus from Prunus wood in Germany. MycoKeys 63: 163–172. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.63.46836 https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/55264/ MycoKeys 69: 111-112

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.69.55264

Authors: Steffen Bien, Ulrike Damm

Abstract: In the original article the herbarium code of the Senckenberg Mu­seum of Natural History Görlitz, Germany, was wrongly cited as GLMC. The correct herbarium code of the institution is GLM.We combined Margarinomyces bubakii in the genus Cadophora. This was not compliant with the International Code of Nomen­clature for algae, fungi, and plants article F.5.1 (Turland et al. 2018), because a registration identifier was lacking, which is compulsory since 1 January 2013. The combination is now validated by providing the MycoBank number below.

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Corrigenda Tue, 14 Jul 2020 10:47:46 +0300
Morphological and molecular identification of four new resupinate species of Lyomyces (Hymenochaetales) from southern China https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/48660/ MycoKeys 65: 101-118

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.65.48660

Authors: Jun-Zhu Chen, Chang-Lin Zhao

Abstract: Four new wood-inhabiting fungal species, Lyomyces bambusinus, L. cremeus, L. macrosporus and L. wuliangshanensis, are proposed based on a combination of morphological and molecular evidence. Lyomyces bambusinus is characterized by resupinate basidiomata with colliculose to tuberculate hymenial surface and broadly ellipsoid, hyaline, slightly thick-walled, smooth basidiospores. Lyomyces cremeus is characterised by resupinate basidiomata with smooth, cream hymenial surface and ellipsoid, hyaline, thin-walled to slightly thick-walled basidiospores. Lyomyces macrosporus is characterized by pruinose basidiomata with reticulate hymenial surface, presence of three kinds of cystidia and larger basidiospores (6.7–8.9 × 4.4–5.4 µm). Lyomyces wuliangshanensis is characterized by coriaceous basidiomata and ellipsoid, hyaline, slightly thick-walled, smooth basidiospores. The phylogenetic analyses based on molecular data of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequences revealed that the four new species belonged to Lyomyces. Lyomyces bambusinus grouped with L. sambuci. Lyomyces cremeus clade was sister to a clade comprised of L. microfasciculatus. Lyomyces macrosporus was sister to L. allantosporus. Lyomyces wuliangshanensis was closely related to L. mascarensis.

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Research Article Thu, 26 Mar 2020 14:24:46 +0200
The smut fungi of Greenland https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/47380/ MycoKeys 64: 1-164

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.64.47380

Authors: Teodor T. Denchev, Henning Knudsen, Cvetomir M. Denchev

Abstract: The first taxonomic treatment of the smut fungi in Greenland is provided. A total of 43 species in 11 genera are treated and illustrated by photographs of sori, microphotographs of spores in LM and SEM, and distribution maps. Two species, Anthracoidea pseudofoetidae and Urocystis tothii, are recorded as new from North America. Thirteen species, Anthracoidea altera, A. capillaris, A. limosa, A. liroi, A. pseudofoetidae, A. scirpoideae, A. turfosa, Microbotryum lagerheimii, M. stellariae, Schizonella elynae, Stegocintractia luzulae, Urocystis fischeri, and U. tothii, are reported for the first time from Greenland. Three new fungus-host combinations, Anthracoidea capillaris on Carex boecheriana, Anthracoidea pseudofoetidae on Carex maritima, and Urocystis tothii on Juncus biglumis, are given. Five plant species are reported as new hosts of smut fungi in Greenland, namely, Carex nigra for Anthracoidea heterospora, C. canescens for Anthracoidea karii, C. fuliginosa subsp. misandra for Anthracoidea misandrae, C. maritima for Orphanomyces arcticus, and C. fuliginosa subsp. misandra for Schizonella melanogramma. Three species, Microbotryum violaceum s. str. (recorded as ‘Ustilago violacea’), Urocystis anemones, and U. junci, which were previously reported from Greenland, are considered wrongly identified. Additional distribution records are given for 12 species from Greenland: Anthracoidea bigelowii, A. caricis, A. elynae, A. lindebergiae, A. misandrae, A. nardinae, A. rupestris, A. scirpi, Schizonella melanogramma, Stegocintractia hyperborea, Urocystis agropyri, and U. sorosporioides. The most numerous distribution groups are the following: circumpolar–alpine and Arctic–alpine species – 14; circumboreal–polar species – 10; and circumpolar and Arctic species – 6. The most widely distributed smut fungi in Greenland were Anthracoidea bigelowii, A. elynae, Microbotryum bistortarum, and M. vinosum. Most species were found in the High Arctic zone (29 species), while from the Low Arctic zone and the Subarctic zone, 26 and 19 species were known, respectively. Ten species, Anthracoidea bigelowii, A. capillaris, A. elynae, Microbotryum bistortarum, M. koenigiae, M. pustulatum, M. silenes-acaulis, M. vinosum, Schizonella elynae, and Urocystis sorosporioides, were recorded from all three zones. Only plants belonging to six families, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, Juncaceae, Ranunculaceae, Caryophyllaceae, and Polygonaceae, out of a total of 55 in the flora of Greenland, hosted smut fungi. Cyperaceae was the plant family with most host species (23). Carex was the genus with the highest number of host species (22). The total number of the host plants (45 species) was 8.5 % out of a total of 532 vascular plants in the flora of Greenland. A new combination in Carex, C. macroprophylla subsp. subfilifolia, is proposed for Kobresia filifolia subsp. subfilifolia.

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Monograph Thu, 5 Mar 2020 10:51:55 +0200
Integrative taxonomy confirms three species of Coniocarpon (Arthoniaceae) in Norway https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/48480/ MycoKeys 62: 27-51

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.62.48480

Authors: Andreas Frisch, Victoria Stornes Moen, Martin Grube, Mika Bendiksby

Abstract: We have studied the highly oceanic genus Coniocarpon in Norway. Our aim has been to delimit species of Coniocarpon in Norway based on an integrative taxonomic approach. The material studied comprises 120 specimens of Coniocarpon, obtained through recent collecting efforts (2017 and 2018) or received from major fungaria in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden, as well as from private collectors. We have assessed (1) species delimitations and relationships based on Bayesian and maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses of three genetic markers (mtSSU, nucITS and RPB2), (2) morphology and anatomy using standard light microscopy, and (3) secondary lichen chemistry using high-performance thin-layer chromatography. The results show three genetically distinct lineages of Coniocarpon, representing C. cinnabarinum, C. fallax and C. cuspidans comb. nov. The latter was originally described as Arthonia cinnabarina f. cuspidans and is herein raised to species level. All three species are supported by morphological, anatomical and chemical data.

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Research Article Thu, 23 Jan 2020 08:33:38 +0200
Morphology and secondary chemistry in species recognition of Parmelia omphalodes group – evidence from molecular data with notes on the ecological niche modelling and genetic variability of photobionts https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/38175/ MycoKeys 61: 39-74

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.61.38175

Authors: Emilia Ossowska, Beata Guzow-Krzemińska, Marta Kolanowska, Katarzyna Szczepańska, Martin Kukwa

Abstract: To evaluate the importance of morphological and chemical characters used in the recognition of species within the Parmelia omphalodes group, we performed phylogenetic, morphological and chemical analyses of 335 specimens, of which 34 were used for molecular analyses. Phylogenetic analyses, based on ITS rDNA sequences, show that P. pinnatifida is distinct from P. omphalodes and the most important difference between those species is the development of pseudocyphellae. In P. pinnatifida, they are mostly marginal and form white rims along lobes margins, but laminal pseudocyphellae can develop in older parts of thalli and are predominantly connected with marginal pseudocyphellae. In contrast, in P. omphalodes laminal pseudocyphellae are common and are predominantly not connected to marginal pseudocyphellae. Chemical composition of secondary lichen metabolites in both analysed species is identical and therefore this feature is not diagnostic in species recognition. Few samples of P. discordans, species morphologically similar to P. omphalodes and P. pinnatifida, were also included in the analyses and they are nested within the clade of P. omphalodes, despite the different chemistry (protocetraric acid present versus salazinic acid in P. omphalodes). All taxa of the P. omphalodes group occupy similar niches, but their potential distributions are wider than those currently known. The absence of specimens in some localities may be limited by the photobiont availability. Parmelia omphalodes and P. pinnatifida are moderately selective in photobiont choice as they form associations with at least two or three lineages of Trebouxia clade S. Parmelia pinnatifida, as well as P. discordans are associated with Trebouxia OTU S02 which seems to have a broad ecological amplitude. Other lineages of Trebouxia seem to be rarer, especially Trebouxia sp. OTU S04, which is sometimes present in P. pinnatifida. This study indicates the importance of extensive research including morphology, chemistry and analysis of molecular markers of both bionts in taxonomical studies of lichens.

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Research Article Wed, 11 Dec 2019 08:47:09 +0200
The Ganoderma weberianum-resinaceum lineage: multilocus phylogenetic analysis and morphology confirm G. mexicanum and G. parvulum in the Neotropics https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/33182/ MycoKeys 59: 95-131

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.59.33182

Authors: Milay Cabarroi-Hernández, Alma Rosa Villalobos-Arámbula, Mabel Gisela Torres-Torres, Cony Decock, Laura Guzmán-Dávalos

Abstract: Many species of Ganoderma exhibit a high phenotypic plasticity. Hence, particularly among them, the morphological species concept remains difficult to apply, resulting in a currently confused taxonomy; as a consequence, the geographical distribution range of many species also remains very uncertain. One of the areas with a strong uncertainty, as far as morphological species concept is concerned, is the Neotropics. It is common that names of species described from other regions, mainly from northern temperate areas, have been applied to Neotropical species. The aim of the present study was to determine which species might lay behind the G. weberianum complex in the Neotropics, using morphological studies and phylogenetic inferences based on both single (ITS) and multilocus (ITS, rpb2, and tef1-α) sequences. The results indicated that G. weberianum sensu Steyaert, which is the usually accepted concept for this taxon, was absent from the Neotropics. In this area, G. weberianum sensu Steyaert encompassed at least two phylogenetic species, which are tentatively, for the time being, identified as belonging to G. mexicanum and G. parvulum. These two species could be distinguished morphologically, notably by the ornamentation or its absence on their chlamydospores. The results also showed that additional species from the Neotropics might still exist, including, e.g., G. perzonatum, but their circumscription remains uncertain until now because of the paucity of material available. Furthermore, it was found that the current concept of G. resinaceum embraced a complex of species.

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Research Article Tue, 29 Oct 2019 12:31:28 +0200
Behind the veil – exploring the diversity in Phallus indusiatus s.l. (Phallomycetidae, Basidiomycota) https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/35324/ MycoKeys 58: 103-127

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.58.35324

Authors: Tiara S. Cabral, Bianca DB. Silva, María P. Martín, Charles R. Clement, Kentaro Hosaka, Iuri G. Baseia

Abstract: Studies have demonstrated that many cosmopolitan species actually consist of divergent clades that present high levels of morphological stasis throughout their evolutionary histories. Phallus indusiatus s.l. has been described as a circum-tropical species. However, this distribution may actually reflect the lack of taxonomic resolution due to the small number of diagnostic morphological characters, which leads to the identification of new records as populations of P. indusiatus. Here, we examine the diversity of P. indusiatus-like species in Brazilian Amazonia. We show a clear congruence between detailed morphological data and ITS, nuc-LSU and atp6 based phylogenetic analyses and three new species are described within the Brazilian indusiate clade. These results highlight the importance of more detailed investigation, with the inclusion of molecular information, in Neotropical fungi.

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Research Article Wed, 2 Oct 2019 08:46:06 +0300
Neotypification of Protoparmeliopsis garovaglii and molecular evidence of its occurrence in Poland and South America https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/34501/ MycoKeys 57: 31-46

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.57.34501

Authors: Katarzyna Szczepańska, Pamela Rodriguez-Flakus, Jacek Urbaniak, Lucyna Śliwa

Abstract: Protoparmeliopsis garovaglii is a widely distributed placodioid lichen, which develops a distinctly rosette thallus, composed of elongated and strongly inflated to sinuous-plicate lobes. The taxon is characterised by high morphological plasticity and varied composition of secondary metabolites. However, the epithet was never typified. As such, the identity of P. garovaglii, in its strict sense, was unknown for a long time. Our phylogenetic ITS rDNA analyses, including newly generated sequences, show that European (Austria, Poland), North American (USA) and South American (Bolivia, Peru) specimens of P. garovaglii are placed in a strongly supported monophyletic clade, sister to P. muralis. We provide the first molecular evidence of the occurrence of P. garovaglii in South America (Bolivia and Peru) and the second record in Central Europe (Poland) was also provided. Furthermore, we neotypify P. garovaglii and it is reported here for the first time from Poland.

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Research Article Thu, 1 Aug 2019 10:07:23 +0300
Amanita ahmadii, a new species of Amanita subgenus Amanitina section Validae from Pakistan https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/31819/ MycoKeys 56(): 81-99

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.56.31819

Authors: Sana Jabeen, Munazza Kiran, Junaid Khan, Ishtiaq Ahmad, Habib Ahmad, Hassan Sher, Abdul Nasir Khalid

Abstract: A new species from coniferous forests in Pakistan, Amanita ahmadii, is described on the basis of morpho-anatomy and molecular data set analyses. This species is characterized by its medium-sized to large basidiomata, grayish brown to brown pileal surface and rimose pileus margin with gray to dark brown verrucose veil remnants, a cream stipe with bulbous base having grayish brown or brown longitudinal striations above the annulus, a scaly surface towards the base, globose to broadly ellipsoid and amyloid basidiospores, and the absence of clamped septa in all tissues. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on ITS and LSU sequences confirmed its identity as a new taxon nested within subgen. Amanitina sect. Validae.

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Research Article Tue, 23 Jul 2019 11:58:40 +0300
Placement of Triblidiaceae in Rhytismatales and comments on unique ascospore morphologies in Leotiomycetes (Fungi, Ascomycota) https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/35697/ MycoKeys 54: 99-133

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.54.35697

Authors: Jason M. Karakehian, Luis Quijada, Gernot Friebes, Joey B. Tanney, Donald H. Pfister

Abstract: Triblidiaceae is a family of uncommonly encountered, non-lichenized discomycetes. A recent classification circumscribed the family to include Triblidium (4 spp. and 1 subsp.), Huangshania (2 spp.) and Pseudographis (2 spp. and 1 var.). The apothecia of these fungi are persistent and drought-tolerant; they possess stromatic, highly melanized covering layers that open and close with fluctuations of humidity. Triblidialean fungi occur primarily on the bark of Quercus, Pinaceae and Ericaceae, presumably as saprobes. Though the type species of Huangshania is from China, these fungi are mostly known from collections originating from Western Hemisphere temperate and boreal forests. The higher-rank classification of triblidialean fungi has been in flux due in part to an overemphasis on ascospore morphology. Muriform ascospores are observed in species of Triblidium and in Pseudographis elatina. An intense, dark blue/purple ascospore wall reaction in iodine-based reagents is observed in species of Pseudographis. These morphologies have led, in part, to these genera being shuffled among unrelated taxa in Hysteriaceae (Dothideomycetes, Hysteriales) and Graphidaceae (Lecanoromycetes, Ostropales). Triblidiaceae has been placed within the monofamilial order Triblidiales (affinity Lecanoromycetes). Here, we demonstrate with a three-gene phylogenetic approach that triblidialean fungi are related to taxa in Rhytismatales (Leotiomycetes). We synonymize Triblidiales under Rhytismatales and emend Triblidiaceae to include Triblidium and Huangshania, with Pseudographis placed within Rhytismataceae. A history of Triblidiaceae is provided along with a description of the emended family. We discuss how the inclusion of triblidialean fungi in Rhytismatales brings some rarely observed or even unique ascospore morphologies to the order and to Leotiomycetes.

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Research Article Tue, 18 Jun 2019 09:24:07 +0300
Solving the taxonomic identity of Pseudotomentella tristis s.l. (Thelephorales, Basidiomycota) – a multi-gene phylogeny and taxonomic review, integrating ecological and geographical data https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/32432/ MycoKeys 50: 1-77

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.50.32432

Authors: Sten Svantesson, Karl-Henrik Larsson, Urmas Kõljalg, Tom W. May, Patrik Cangren, R. Henrik Nilsson, Ellen Larsson

Abstract: P. tristis is an ectomycorrhizal, corticioid fungus whose name is frequently assigned to collections of basidiomata as well as root tip and soil samples from a wide range of habitats and hosts across the northern hemisphere. Despite this, its identity is unclear; eight heterotypic taxa have in major reviews of the species been considered synonymous with or morphologically similar to P. tristis, but no sequence data from type specimens have been available. With the aim to clarify the taxonomy, systematics, morphology, ecology and geographical distribution of P. tristis and its morphologically similar species, we studied their type specimens as well as 147 basidiomata collections of mostly North European material. We used gene trees generated in BEAST 2 and PhyML and species trees estimated in STACEY and ASTRAL to delimit species based on the ITS, LSU, Tef1α and mtSSU regions. We enriched our sampling with environmental ITS sequences from the UNITE database. We found the P. tristis group to contain 13 molecularly and morphologically distinct species. Three of these, P. tristis, P. umbrina and P. atrofusca, are already known to science, while ten species are here described as new: P. sciastra sp. nov., P. tristoides sp. nov., P. umbrinascens sp. nov., P. pinophila sp. nov., P. alnophila sp. nov., P. alobata sp. nov., P. pluriloba sp. nov., P. abundiloba sp. nov., P. rotundispora sp. nov. and P. media sp. nov. We discovered P. rhizopunctata and P. atrofusca to form a sister clade to all other species in P. tristis s.l. These two species, unlike all other species in the P. tristis complex, are dimitic. In this study, we designate epitypes for P. tristis, P. umbrina and Hypochnopsis fuscata and lectotypes for Auricularia phylacteris and Thelephora biennis. We show that the holotype of Hypochnus sitnensis and the lectotype of Hypochnopsis fuscata are conspecific with P. tristis, but in the absence of molecular information we regard Pseudotomentella longisterigmata and Hypochnus rhacodium as doubtful taxa due to their aberrant morphology. We confirm A. phylacteris, Tomentella biennis and Septobasidium arachnoideum as excluded taxa, since their morphology clearly show that they belong to other genera. A key to the species of the P. tristis group is provided. We found P. umbrina to be a common species with a wide, Holarctic distribution, forming ectomycorrhiza with a large number of host species in habitats ranging from tropical forests to the Arctic tundra. The other species in the P. tristis group were found to be less common and have narrower ecological niches.

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Research Article Thu, 4 Apr 2019 09:18:27 +0300
Striatiguttulaceae, a new pleosporalean family to accommodate Longicorpus and Striatiguttula gen. nov. from palms https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/30886/ MycoKeys 49: 99-129

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.49.30886

Authors: Sheng-Nan Zhang, Kevin D. Hyde, E.B. Gareth Jones, Rajesh Jeewon, Ratchadawan Cheewangkoon, Jian-Kui Liu

Abstract: Palms represent the most morphological diverse monocotyledonous plants and support a vast array of fungi. Recent examinations of palmicolous fungi in Thailand led to the discovery of a group of morphologically similar and interesting taxa. A polyphasic approach based on morphology, multi-gene phylogenetic analyses and divergence time estimates supports the establishment of a novel pleosporalean family Striatiguttulaceae, which diversified approximately 39 (20–63) MYA (crown age) and 60 (35–91) MYA (stem age). Striatiguttulaceae is characterized by stromata or ascomata with a short to long neck, trabeculate pseudoparaphyses and fusiform to ellipsoidal, 1–3-septate ascospores, with longitudinal striations and paler end cells, surrounded by a mucilaginous sheath. Multi-gene phylogenetic analysis showed that taxa of Striatiguttulaceae form a well-supported and distinct monophyletic clade in Pleosporales, and related to Ligninsphaeriaceae and Pseudoastrosphaeriellaceae. However, these families can be morphologically demarcated by the slit-like ascomata and extremely large ascospores in Ligninsphaeriaceae and the rather narrow fusiform ascospores in Pseudoastrosphaeriellaceae. Eight strains of Striatiguttulaceae formed two monophyletic sub-clades, which can be recognized as Longicorpus gen. nov. and Striatiguttula gen. nov. Morphologically, the genus Longicorpus can be differentiated from Striatiguttula by its elongated immersed ascomata and fusiform ascospores with relatively larger middle cells and paler end cells. Two new species Striatiguttula nypae and S. phoenicis, and one new combination, Longicorpus striataspora are introduced with morphological details, and phylogenetic relationships are discussed based on DNA sequence data.

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Research Article Mon, 1 Apr 2019 10:50:54 +0300
Morphology and multigene phylogeny of Talaromyces amyrossmaniae, a new synnematous species belonging to the section Trachyspermi from India https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/32549/ MycoKeys 45: 41-56

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.45.32549

Authors: Kunhiraman C. Rajeshkumar, Neriman Yilmaz, Sayali D. Marathe, Keith A. Seifert

Abstract: A new Talaromyces species, T. amyrossmaniae, isolated from decaying fruit and litter of Terminalia bellerica, is described and illustrated. On the natural substrate, the new species produces determinate synnemata, with a well-defined, vivid orange red to orange red cylindrical stipe, and a greyish green capitulum. Conidiophores are typically biverticillate, or sometimes have subterminal branches, with acerose phialides that produce globose to subglobose, smooth to slightly roughened conidia. Multigene phylogenetic analyses based on the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), and partial sequences of β-tubulin (BenA), calmodulin (CaM), and DNA directed RNA polymerase second large subunit (RPB2) genes, along with morphological characterization, revealed that these isolates are distinct and form a unique lineage of Talaromyces in section Trachyspermi, closely allied to T. aerius, T. albobiverticillius, T. heiheensis, T. erythromellis, and T. solicola. The new species T. amyrossmaniae is the first species in section Trachyspermi with determinate synnemata.

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Research Article Mon, 28 Jan 2019 10:00:00 +0200
Neoprotoparmelia gen. nov. and Maronina (Lecanorales, Protoparmelioideae): species description and generic delimitation using DNA barcodes and phenotypical characters https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/29904/ MycoKeys 44: 19-50

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.44.29904

Authors: Garima Singh, André Aptroot, Víctor J. Rico, Jürgen Otte, Pradeep K. Divakar, Ana Crespo, Marcela Eugenia da Silva Cáceres, H. Thorsten Lumbsch, Imke Schmitt

Abstract: Multilocus phylogenetic studies revealed a high level of cryptic diversity within the lichen-forming fungal genus Maronina (Protoparmelioideae, Parmeliaceae). Coalescent-based species delimitation suggested that most of the cryptic molecular lineages warranted recognition as separate species. Here we study the morphology and chemistry of these taxa and formally describe eight new species based on phenotypical and molecular characters. Further, we evaluate the use of ITS rDNA as a DNA barcode for identifying species in this genus. For the first time, we obtained an ITS sequence of Maronina australiensis, the type species of the genus and showed that it is phylogenetically not closely related to species currently placed in Maronina or Protoparmelia. We assembled a dataset of 66 ITS sequences to assess the interspecies genetic distances amongst the twelve Maronina species using ITS as DNA barcode. We found that Maronina and Protoparmelia form a supported monophyletic group whereas M. australiensis is sister to both. We therefore propose a new genus Neoprotoparmelia to accommodate the tropical-subtropical species within Protoparmelioideae, with Neoprotoparmelia corallifera as the type, N. amerisidiata, N. australisidiata, N. brasilisidiata, N. capensis, N. crassa, N. pauli, N. plurisporibadia and N. siamisidiata as new species and N. capitata, N. isidiata, N. multifera, N. orientalis and N. pulchra as new proposed combinations. We provide a key to Neoprotoparmelia and confirm the use of ITS for accurately identifying species in this group.

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Research Article Fri, 14 Dec 2018 16:12:44 +0200
Three new species of Phanerochaete (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/29070/ MycoKeys 41: 91-106

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.41.29070

Authors: Sheng-Hua Wu, Che-Chih Chen, Chia-Ling Wei

Abstract: Phanerochaete canobrunnea, P. cystidiata and P. fusca are presented as new species, supported by morphological studies and two sets of phylogenetic analyses. The 5.8S+nuc 28S+rpb1 dataset shows the generic placement of the three species within the phlebioid clade of Polyporales. The ITS+nuc 28S dataset displays relationships for the new taxa within Phanerochaete s.s. Phanerochaete canobrunnea grew on angiosperm branches in subtropical Taiwan and is characterised by greyish brown hymenial surface, brown generative hyphae and skeletal hyphae and absence of cystidia. Phanerochaete cystidiata grew on angiosperm branches above 1000 m in montane Taiwan and SW Yunnan Province of China and is characterised by cream to yellowish hymenial surface and more or less encrusted leptocystidia. Phanerochaete fusca grew on angiosperm branches at 1700 m in Hubei Province of China and is characterised by dark brown hymenial surface, leptocystidia, brown subicular hyphae and colourless to brownish basidiospores.

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Research Article Fri, 26 Oct 2018 09:09:22 +0300
Liebetanzomyces polymorphus gen. et sp. nov., a new anaerobic fungus (Neocallimastigomycota) isolated from the rumen of a goat https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/28337/ MycoKeys 40: 89-110

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.40.28337

Authors: Akshay Joshi, Vikram B. Lanjekar, Prashant K. Dhakephalkar, Tony M. Callaghan, Gareth W. Griffith, Sumit Singh Dagar

Abstract: An extended incubation strategy to culture slow growing members of anaerobic fungi resulted in the isolation of a novel anaerobic fungus from the rumen of a goat after 15 days. The novel genus, represented by type strain G1SC, showed filamentous monocentric thallus development and produced uniflagellate zoospores, hence, showing morphological similarity to the genera Piromyces, Buwchfawromyces, Oontomyces and Pecoramyces. However, strain G1SC showed genetic similarity to the genus Anaeromyces, which, though produces uniflagellate zoospore, also exhibits polycentric thallus development. Moreover, unlike Anaeromyces, strain G1SC did not show hyphal constrictions, instead produced a branched, determinate and anucleate rhizoidal system. This fungus also displayed extensive sporangial variations, both exogenous and endogenous type of development, short and long sporangiophores and produced septate sporangia. G1SC utilised various complex and simple substrates, including rice straw and wheat straw and produced H2, CO2, formate, acetate, lactate, succinate and ethanol. Phylogenetic analysis, using internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) and D1/D2 domain of large-subunit (LSU) rRNA locus, clearly showed a separate lineage for this strain, near Anaeromyces. The ITS1 based geographical distribution studies indicated detection of environmental sequences similar (93–96%) to this strain from cattle faeces. Based on morphological and molecular characterisation results of strain G1SC, we propose a novel anaerobic fungus Liebetanzomyces polymorphus gen. et sp. nov., in the phylum Neocallimastigomycota.

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Research Article Wed, 10 Oct 2018 10:34:59 +0300
Hydnophanerochaete and Odontoefibula, two new genera of phanerochaetoid fungi (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) from East Asia https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/28010/ MycoKeys 39: 75-96

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.39.28010

Authors: Che-Chih Chen, Sheng-Hua Wu, Chi-Yu Chen

Abstract: Two new genera with phylogenetic affinities to Phanerochaete s.l. are presented, namely Hydnophanerochaete and Odontoefibula. The generic type of Hydnophanerochaete is Phanerochaete odontoidea. Odontoefibula is established based on a new species: O. orientalis (generic type). Both genera have effused basidiocarps with odontioid hymenial surface, simple-septate generative hyphae, cystidia lacking, clavate basidia and ellipsoid basidiospores that are smooth, thin-walled, inamyloid, non-dextrinoid and acyanophilous. Hydnophanerochaete is additionally characterised by a compact texture in the subiculum with thick-walled generative hyphae and quasi-binding hyphae. Odontoefibula has a dense texture of subiculum with thin- to slightly thick-walled hyphae and further a dark reddish reaction of basidiocarps when treated with KOH. Multi-marker phylogenetic analyses based on sequences, inferred from the ITS+nuc 28S+rpb1+rpb2+tef1 dataset, indicate that Hydnophanerochaete and Odontoefibula are placed in the Meruliaceae and Donkia clades of Phanerochaetaceae, respectively. Phanerochaete subodontoidea is a synonym of P. odontoidea, according to morphological and molecular evidence.

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Research Article Mon, 17 Sep 2018 16:59:50 +0300
Short-spored Subulicystidium (Trechisporales, Basidiomycota): high morphological diversity and only partly clear species boundaries https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/25678/ MycoKeys 35: 41-99

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.35.25678

Authors: Alexander Ordynets, David Scherf, Felix Pansegrau, Jonathan Denecke, Ludmila Lysenko, Karl-Henrik Larsson, Ewald Langer

Abstract: Diversity of corticioid fungi (resupinate Basidiomycota), especially outside the northern temperate climatic zone, remains poorly explored. Furthermore, most of the known species are delimited by morphological concepts only and, not rarely, these concepts are too broad and need to be tested by molecular tools. For many decades, the delimitation of species in the genus Subulicystidium (Hydnodontaceae, Trechisporales) was a challenge for mycologists. The presence of numerous transitional forms as to basidiospore size and shape hindered species delimitation and almost no data on molecular diversity have been available. In this study, an extensive set of 144 Subulicystidium specimens from Paleo- and Neotropics was examined. Forty-nine sequences of ITS nuclear ribosomal DNA region and 51 sequences of 28S nuclear ribosomal DNA region from fruit bodies of Subulicystidium were obtained and analysed within the barcoding gap framework and with phylogenetic Bayesian and Maximum likelihood approaches. Eleven new species of Subulicystidium are described based on morphology and molecular analyses: Subulicystidium boidinii, S. fusisporum, S. grandisporum, S. harpagum, S. inornatum, S. oberwinkleri, S. parvisporum, S. rarocrystallinum, S. robustius, S. ryvardenii and S. tedersooi. Morphological and DNA-evidenced borders were revised for the five previously known species: S. naviculatum, S. nikau, S. obtusisporum, S. brachysporum and S. meridense. Species-level variation in basidiospore size and shape was estimated based on systematic measurements of 2840 spores from 67 sequenced specimens. An updated identification key to all known species of Subulicystidium is provided.

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Research Article Wed, 27 Jun 2018 09:49:00 +0300
Two novel species of Neoaquastroma (Parabambusicolaceae, Pleosporales) with their phoma-like asexual morphs https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/25124/ MycoKeys 34: 47-62

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.34.25124

Authors: Chayanard Phukhamsakda, Darbhe J. Bhat, Sinang Hongsanan, Jian-Chu Xu, Marc Stadler, Kevin D. Hyde

Abstract: The monotypic genus Neoaquastroma (Parabambusicolaceae, Pleosporales) was introduced for a microfungus isolated from a collection of dried stems of a dicotyledonous plant in Thailand. In this paper, we introduce two novel species, N. bauhiniae and N. krabiense, in this genus. Their asexual morphs comprise conidiomata with aseptate and hyaline conidia. Neoaquastroma bauhiniae has ascomata, asci and ascospores that are smaller than those of N. krabiense. Descriptions and illustrations of N. bauhiniae and N. krabiense are provided and the two species compared with the type species of the genus, N. guttulatum. Evidence for the introduction of the new taxa is also provided from phylogenetic analysis of a combined dataset of partial LSU, SSU, ITS and tef1 sequence data. The phylogenetic analysis revealed a distinct lineage for N. bauhiniae and N. krabiense within the family Parabambusicolaceae.

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Research Article Wed, 23 May 2018 10:08:03 +0300
Taxonomy and phylogeny of Lopharia s.s., Dendrodontia, Dentocorticium and Fuscocerrena (Basidiomycota, Polyporales) https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/23641/ MycoKeys 32: 25-48

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.32.23641

Authors: Shi-Liang Liu, Karen K. Nakasone, Sheng-Hua Wu, Shuang-Hui He, Yu-Cheng Dai

Abstract: Eleven taxa of Lopharia s.s., Dendrodontia, Dentocorticium and Fuscocerrena in Polyporales are included in the phylogenetic analyses of nuc rDNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS), D1-D2 domains of nuc 28S rDNA (28S) and RNA polymerase II second-largest subunit (rpb2) sequences. New species Lopharia resupinata and L. sinensis are described and illustrated. Lopharia resupinata, from south-eastern China, is closely related to L. ayresii, and L. sinensis, from northern China, is related to L. cinerascens and L. mirabilis. Lopharia mirabilis specimens from temperate to tropical areas with varied hymenophore configurations all cluster together in a fully supported clade. Dendrodontia and Fuscocerrena are shown to be synonyms of Dentocorticium, which is phylogenetically related to Lopharia. Four new combinations, Dentocorticium bicolor, D. hyphopaxillosum, D. portoricense and D. taiwanianum, are proposed. Revised generic descriptions of Lopharia and Dentocorticium are provided with keys to the six accepted species in each genus. A list of all names in Lopharia and Dentocorticium are presented with their current taxonomic status. Type specimens of Dentocorticium brasiliense and D. irregulare were examined and determined to be later synonyms of Punctularia subhepatica and Diplomitoporus daedaleiformis, respectively.

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Research Article Thu, 15 Mar 2018 09:35:51 +0200
New light on names and naming of dark taxa https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/24376/ MycoKeys 30: 31-39

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.30.24376

Authors: Martin Ryberg, R. Henrik Nilsson

Abstract: A growing proportion of fungal species and lineages are known only from sequence data and cannot be linked to any physical specimen or resolved taxonomic name. Such fungi are often referred to as “dark taxa” or “dark matter fungi”. As they lack a taxonomic identity in the form of a name, they are regularly ignored in many important contexts, for example in legalisation and species counts. It is therefore very urgent to find a system to also deal with these fungi. Here, issues relating to the taxonomy and nomenclature of dark taxa are discussed and a number of questions that the mycological community needs to consider before deciding on what system/s to implement are highlighted.

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Commentary Fri, 23 Feb 2018 15:40:32 +0200
Phylogenetic affinities of the sequestrate genus Rhodactina (Boletaceae), with a new species, R. rostratispora from Thailand https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/22572/ MycoKeys 29: 63-80

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.29.22572

Authors: Santhiti Vadthanarat, Olivier Raspé, Saisamorn Lumyong

Abstract: Rhodactina is a small sequestrate genus in Boletaceae with two described species, R. himalayensis and R. incarnata. Phylogenetic analyses of a three-gene dataset including atp6, tef1 and rpb2 of Rhodactina species along with selected Boletaceae species showed that all Rhodactina species formed a monophyletic clade, sister to the genera Spongiforma and Borofutus in subfamily Leccinoideae with high support. All of the taxa in the clade have a similar chemical reaction in which basidiospores turn purplish, purplish red to violet or violet grey when in contact with potassium hydroxide. The molecular analyses also showed that all Rhodactina specimens collected from Ubon Ratchathani province, northeastern Thailand, belong to a new species. Morphologically, the new species is different from others by having a markedly prominent hilar appendage and a terminal hilum on its basidiospores. Thus, the new species, Rhodactina rostratispora, is introduced with detailed macroscopic and microscopic descriptions and illustrations.

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Research Article Thu, 25 Jan 2018 14:25:31 +0200
Three new species of Hydnophlebia (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) from the Macaronesian Islands https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/14866/ MycoKeys 27: 39-64

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.27.14866

Authors: María Teresa Telleria, Margarita Dueñas, María P. Martín

Abstract: The genus Hydnophlebia includes two species of wood-inhabiting fungi, Hydnophlebia chrysorhizon and Hydnophlebia omnivora. Both are characterized by cream to reddish-orange, resupinate basidiome, with hydnoid hymenophore, margin with strands, a monomitic hyphal system, tubular to ventricose cystidia and elliptical spores. In this paper, a taxonomic study of Hydnophlebia, using morphology and molecular analyses of large subunit nuclear ribosomal DNA (LSU) and the internal transcribed spacer nrDNA operon (ITS), is reported. Three new species, Hydnophlebia canariensis, H. gorgonea and H. meloi, from the Macaronesia bioregion (Canary Islands and Cape Verde Archipelago), are described.

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Research Article Wed, 1 Nov 2017 13:45:10 +0200
Bretziella, a new genus to accommodate the oak wilt fungus, Ceratocystis fagacearum (Microascales, Ascomycota) https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/20657/ MycoKeys 27: 1-19

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.27.20657

Authors: Z. Wilhelm de Beer, Seonju Marincowitz, Tuan A. Duong, Michael J. Wingfield

Abstract: Recent reclassification of the Ceratocystidaceae (Microascales) based on multi-gene phylogenetic inference has shown that the oak wilt fungus Ceratocystis fagacearum does not reside in any of the four genera in which it has previously been treated. In this study, we resolve typification problems for the fungus, confirm the synonymy of Chalara quercina (the first name applied to the fungus) and Endoconidiophora fagacearum (the name applied when the sexual state was discovered). Furthermore, the generic placement of the species was determined based on DNA sequences from authenticated isolates. The original specimens studied in both protologues and living isolates from the same host trees and geographical area were examined and shown to represent the same species. A lectotype was designated for Chalara quercina and Endoconidiophora fagacearum and an epitype linked to a living ex-epitype isolate was designated. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed that the species resides in a well-supported monophyletic lineage in the Ceratocystidaceae, distinct from all other genera in the family. The new genus Bretziella is described to accommodate the oak wilt fungus.

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Research Article Fri, 20 Oct 2017 12:23:20 +0300
Top 50 most wanted fungi https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/7553/ MycoKeys 12: 29-40

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.12.7553

Authors: R. Henrik Nilsson, Christian Wurzbacher, Mohammad Bahram, Victor R. M. Coimbra, Ellen Larsson, Leho Tedersoo, Jonna Eriksson, Camila Duarte, Sten Svantesson, Marisol Sánchez-García, Martin K. Ryberg, Erik Kristiansson, Kessy Abarenkov

Abstract: Environmental sequencing regularly recovers fungi that cannot be classified to any meaningful taxonomic level beyond “Fungi”. There are several examples where evidence of such lineages has been sitting in public sequence databases for up to ten years before receiving scientific attention and formal recognition. In order to highlight these unidentified lineages for taxonomic scrutiny, a search function is presented that produces updated lists of approximately genus-level clusters of fungal ITS sequences that remain unidentified at the phylum, class, and order levels, respectively. The search function (https://unite.ut.ee/top50.php) is implemented in the UNITE database for molecular identification of fungi, such that the underlying sequences and fungal lineages are open to third-party annotation. We invite researchers to examine these enigmatic fungal lineages in the hope that their taxonomic resolution will not have to wait another ten years or more.

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Research Article Fri, 18 Mar 2016 10:07:01 +0200
Corrigenda: Harrower E, Bougher NL, Winterbottom C, Henkel TW, Horak E, Matheny PB (2015) New species in Cortinarius section Cortinarius (Agaricales) from the Americas and Australasia. MycoKeys 11: 1–21. doi: 10.3897/mycokeys.11.5409 https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/7186/ MycoKeys 12: 41-41

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.12.7186

Authors: Emma Harrower, Neale Bougher, Caitlin Winterbottom, Terry Henkel, Egon Horak, P. Brandon Matheny

Abstract: The authors apologize for errors in the description of type specimens in their original article and make corrections.

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Corrigenda Fri, 18 Mar 2016 00:34:53 +0200
Transatlantic disjunction in fleshy fungi III: Gymnopus confluens https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/4700/ MycoKeys 9: 37-63

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.9.4700

Authors: Karen W. Hughes, Ronald H. Petersen

Abstract: Phylogeographic data indicate that DNA differences consistently exist between the North American and European allopatric populations of Gymnopus confluens. Conversely, pairing experiments show that collections from both populations were sexually compatible in vitro and detailed morphological examinations of numerous fresh and dried basidiomata do not produce qualitative differences. Percent ITS sequence divergence between Europe and North American collections of G. confluens was 3.25%. Species delineation metrics including Rosenberg’s PAB statistic, PID metrics, RRD (randomly distributed) and PTP (Poisson Tree Processes) gave mixed indications that North American and European populations were distinct at species rank. The North American populations are described as Gymnopus confluens subsp. campanulatus (Peck) R.H. Petersen.

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Research Article Fri, 3 Apr 2015 13:21:58 +0300