Latest Articles from MycoKeys Latest 25 Articles from MycoKeys https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/ Thu, 28 Mar 2024 20:29:55 +0200 Pensoft FeedCreator https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/i/logo.jpg Latest Articles from MycoKeys https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/ The Dolichens database: the lichen biota of the Dolomites https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/115462/ MycoKeys 103: 25-35

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.103.115462

Authors: Luana Francesconi, Matteo Conti, Gabriele Gheza, Stefano Martellos, Pier Luigi Nimis, Chiara Vallese, Juri Nascimbene

Abstract: The Dolichens project provides the first dynamic inventory of the lichens of the Dolomites (Eastern Alps, Italy). Occurrence records were retrieved from published and grey literature, reviewed herbaria, unpublished records collected by the authors, and new sampling campaigns, covering a period from 1820 to 2022. Currently, the dataset contains 56,251 records, referring to 1,719 infrageneric taxa, reported from 1820 to 2022, from hilly to nival belts, and corresponding to about half of the species known for the whole Alpine chain. Amongst them, 98% are georeferenced, although most of them were georeferenced a posteriori. The dataset is available through the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF; https://www.gbif.org/es/dataset/cea3ee2c-1ff1-4f8e-bb37-a99600cb4134) and through the Dolichens website (https://italic.units.it/dolichens/). We expect that this open floristic inventory will contribute to tracking the lichen diversity of the Dolomites over the past 200 years, and providing the basis for future taxonomic, biogeographical, and ecological studies.

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Data Paper Mon, 11 Mar 2024 17:55:40 +0200
Three novel species and new records of Kirschsteiniothelia (Kirschsteiniotheliales) from northern Thailand https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/115286/ MycoKeys 101: 347-370

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.101.115286

Authors: Antonio Roberto Gomes de Farias, Naghmeh Afshari, Veenavee S. Hittanadurage Silva, Johnny Louangphan, Omid Karimi, Saranyaphat Boonmee

Abstract: Kirschsteiniothelia (Kirschsteiniotheliales, Pleosporomycetidae) includes 39 saprobic species recorded from dead or decaying wood in terrestrial and freshwater habitats. This study focuses on exploring Kirschsteiniothelia diversity in woody litter in Thailand. Wood samples were collected from forest areas in Chiang Rai and Chiang Mai Provinces in Thailand and examined for fungal fructifications. Fungal isolates were obtained and their morphological and sequence data were characterised. Micromorphology associated with multilocus phylogeny of ITS, LSU and SSU sequence data identified three isolates as novel species (Kirschsteiniothelia inthanonensis, K. saprophytica and K. zizyphifolii) besides new host records for K. tectonae and K. xishuangbannaensis. The placement of the new taxa and records are supported by morphological illustrations, descriptions and molecular phylogenies and the implications of these findings are discussed. Our findings provide information for understanding Kirschsteiniothelia diversity and ecology.

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Research Article Fri, 2 Feb 2024 17:51:26 +0200
Taxonomic and phylogenetic characterisations of six species of Pleosporales (in Didymosphaeriaceae, Roussoellaceae and Nigrogranaceae) from China https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/109423/ MycoKeys 100: 123-151

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.100.109423

Authors: Hongmin Hu, Minghui He, Youpeng Wu, Sihan Long, Xu Zhang, Lili Liu, Xiangchun Shen, Nalin N. Wijayawardene, Zebin Meng, Qingde Long, Jichuan Kang, Qirui Li

Abstract: Pleosporales comprise a diverse group of fungi with a global distribution and significant ecological importance. A survey on Pleosporales (in Didymosphaeriaceae, Roussoellaceae and Nigrogranaceae) in Guizhou Province, China, was conducted. Specimens were identified, based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses using a dataset composed of ITS, LSU, SSU, tef1 and rpb2 loci. Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian analyses were performed. As a result, three new species (Neokalmusia karka, Nigrograna schinifolium and N. trachycarpus) have been discovered, along with two new records for China (Roussoella neopustulans and R. doimaesalongensis) and a known species (Roussoella pseudohysterioides). Morphologically similar species and phylogenetically close taxa are compared and discussed. This study provides detailed information and descriptions of all newly-identified taxa.

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Research Article Wed, 29 Nov 2023 18:10:36 +0200
A hotspot of lichen diversity and lichenological research in the Alps: the Paneveggio-Pale di San Martino Natural Park (Italy) https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/95858/ MycoKeys 94: 37-50

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.94.95858

Authors: Juri Nascimbene, Gabriele Gheza, Peter O. Bilovitz, Luana Francesconi, Josef Hafellner, Helmut Mayrhofer, Maurizio Salvadori, Chiara Vallese, Pier Luigi Nimis

Abstract: A checklist of 916 lichenised taxa is reported from the Paneveggio-Pale di San Martino Natural Park and its surroundings (Trentino-Alto Adige, N Italy), based on 7351 records from: (a) 72 literature sources, (b) eight public and private herbaria and (c) field observations by some of the authors. The study area appears as a hotspot of lichen diversity, hosting 30.1% of the lichen biota of the Alps in a territory that has 0.064% of their total surface area. This is mainly due to its high climatical, geological and orographic heterogeneity, but also to the long history of lichenological exploration, that started in the 19th century with Ferdinand Arnold and is still ongoing. The present work highlights the importance of detailed species inventories to support knowledge of biodiversity patterns, taxonomy and ecology and to properly address conservation issues. Fuscidea mollis var. caesioalbescens, Hydropunctaria scabra, Protoparmelia badia var. cinereobadia and Variospora paulii are new to Italy, 18 other taxa are new to Trentino-Alto Adige.

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Research Article Tue, 6 Dec 2022 15:00:01 +0200
Refining the picture: new records to the lichen biota of Italy https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/69027/ MycoKeys 82: 97-137

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.82.69027

Authors: Juri Nascimbene, Gabriele Gheza, Josef Hafellner, Helmut Mayrhofer, Lucia Muggia, Walter Obermayer, Göran Thor, Pier Luigi Nimis

Abstract: Based on the analysis of both historical and recent collections, this paper reports an annotated list of taxa which are new to the lichen biota of Italy or of its administrative regions. Specimens were identified using a dissecting and a compound microscope; routine chemical spot tests and standardized thin-layer chromatography (TLC or HPTLC). The list includes 225 records of 153 taxa. Twenty taxa are new to Italy, the others are new to one or more administrative regions, with 15 second records and 5 third records for Italy. Some of the species belong to recently-described taxa, others are poorly known, sterile or ephemeral lichens which were largely overlooked in Italy. Several species are actually rare, either because of the rarity of their habitats (e.g. old-growth forests), or because in Italy they are at the margins of their bioclimatic distribution. The picture of the lichen biota of Italy has now new pixels, but its grain is still coarse. Further analysis of historical collections, increased efforts in the exploration of some areas, and the taxonomic revision of critical groups are still necessary to provide more complete distributional data for new biogeographic hypotheses, taxonomic and ecological research, and biodiversity conservation.

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Research Article Wed, 11 Aug 2021 18:28:24 +0300
Checklist of thallus-forming Laboulbeniomycetes from Belgium and the Netherlands, including Hesperomyces halyziae and Laboulbenia quarantenae spp. nov. https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/53421/ MycoKeys 71: 23-86

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.71.53421

Authors: Danny Haelewaters, André De Kesel

Abstract: In this paper we present an updated checklist of thallus-forming Laboulbeniomycetes (Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina), that is, the orders Herpomycetales and Laboulbeniales, from Belgium and the Netherlands. Two species are newly described based on morphology, molecular data (ITS, LSU ribosomal DNA) and ecology (host association). These are Hesperomyces halyziae on Halyzia sedecimguttata (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) from both countries and Laboulbenia quarantenae on Bembidion biguttatum (Coleoptera, Carabidae) from Belgium. In addition, nine new country records are presented. For Belgium: Laboulbenia aubryi on Amara aranea (Coleoptera, Carabidae) and Rhachomyces spinosus on Syntomus foveatus (Coleoptera, Carabidae). For the Netherlands: Chitonomyces melanurus on Laccophilus minutus (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae), Euphoriomyces agathidii on Agathidium laevigatum (Coleoptera, Leiodidae), Laboulbenia fasciculata on Omophron limbatum (Coleoptera, Carabidae), Laboulbenia metableti on Syntomus foveatus and S. truncatellus (Coleoptera, Carabidae), Laboulbenia pseudomasei on Pterostichus melanarius (Coleoptera, Carabidae), Rhachomyces canariensis on Trechus obtusus (Coleoptera, Carabidae), and Stigmatomyces hydrelliae on Hydrellia albilabris (Diptera, Ephydridae). Finally, an identification key to 140 species of thallus-forming Laboulbeniomycetes in Belgium and the Netherlands is provided. Based on the combined data, we are able to identify mutual gaps that need to be filled as well as weigh the impact of chosen strategies (fieldwork, museum collections) and techniques in these neighboring countries. The aim of this work is to serve as a reference for studying Laboulbeniomycetes fungi in Europe.

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Research Article Thu, 30 Jul 2020 09:01:52 +0300
A regional study of the genus Phyllopsora (Ramalinaceae) in Asia and Melanesia https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/33425/ MycoKeys 53: 23-72

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.53.33425

Authors: Sonja Kistenich, Mika Bendiksby, Charles S. Vairappan, Gothamie Weerakoon, Siril Wijesundara, Patricia A. Wolseley, Einar Timdal

Abstract: Phyllopsora is a crustose to squamulose lichen genus inhabiting the bark of trees in moist tropical forests and rainforests. Species identification is generally challenging and is mainly based on ascospore morphology, thallus morphology and anatomy, vegetative dispersal units, and on secondary chemistry. While regional treatments of the genus have been conducted for Africa, South America and Australia, there exists no study focusing on the Asian and Melanesian species. Previously, 24 species of Phyllopsora s. str. have been reported from major national studies and checklists representing 13 countries. We have studied herbarium material of 625 Phyllopsora specimens from 18 countries using morphology, anatomy, secondary chemistry, and molecular data to investigate the diversity of Phyllopsora species in Asia and Melanesia. We report the occurrence of 28 species of Phyllopsora including the following three species described as new to science: P. sabahana from Malaysia, P. siamensis from Thailand and P. pseudocorallina from Asia and Africa. Eight species are reported as new to Asia. A key to the Asian and Melanesian species of Phyllopsora is provided.

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Research Article Wed, 29 May 2019 10:48:31 +0300
How useful is the current species recognition concept for the determination of true morels? Insights from the Czech Republic https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/32335/ MycoKeys 52: 17-43

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.52.32335

Authors: Irena Petrželová, Michal Sochor

Abstract: The phylogentic diversity of the genus Morchella has only been sporadically studied in Central Europe. In this study, a molecular taxonomic revision of the Morchella species of the Czech Republic was performed using available fungarium specimens, fresh collections, and axenic cultures. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on either ITS or five-locus (ITS, LSU, RPB1, RPB2, and EF-1α) sequencing and the application of principles of the genealogical concordance phylogenetic species recognition (GCPSR) have revealed the occurrence of 11 phylogenetic species in the region, but only six of them could be assigned unequivocally to the previously published phylospecies: Mel-3 (M. semilibera), Mel-10 (M. importuna), Mel-19 (M. eohespera), Mes-4 (M. americana), Mes-5 and Mes-8 (M. esculenta). One lineage was identified as a new phylospecies and is designated as Mel-39. Four lineages grouped together with two or more previously published phylospecies: Mel-13/26 (M. deliciosa), Mel-15/16 (M. angusticeps / M. eximioides), Mel-20/34 (M. purpurascens), and Mel-23/24/31/32 (M. pulchella). Our phylogenetic analyses and literature review shed light on the pitfalls of current molecular taxonomy of morels and highlight the ambiguities of present species recognition concepts. The main source of the problems seems to be rooted in the application of different methods (multigene vs single-gene sequencing, phenotypic determination) and approaches (monophyly vs paraphyly, the application or not of GCPSR, degree of differentiation between accepted species, etc.) by various authors for the delimitation of new phylospecies. Therefore, we propose five criteria for distinguishing new phylospecies in the genus Morchella based on molecular data, and recommend a more conservative approach in species delimitation.

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Research Article Thu, 9 May 2019 09:11:02 +0300
Gliophorus glutinosus sp. nov. (Hygrophoraceae, Agaricales) from Eastern Himalayan region of India https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/28554/ MycoKeys 44: 123-135

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.44.28554

Authors: Dyutiparna Chakraborty, Kanad Das, Alfredo Vizzini

Abstract: An interesting species of the genus Gliophorus (sect. Glutinosae), collected from Sikkim Himalaya in India, is described here as G. glutinosus sp. nov. after thorough morphological examination and phylogenetic analysis. The species is mainly characterised by its strongly glutinous basidiomata throughout, particularly on the twisted stipe, decurrent lamellae with glutinous edge, gelatinised cheilocystidia, presence of pleuropseudocystidia and absence of clamps in hyphae of the pileipellis. This communication includes detailed morphological description, illustrations, comparison with the allied taxa, nrITS based phylogeny of this novel taxon and a key to the species under Gliophorus sect. Glutinosae.

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Research Article Fri, 21 Dec 2018 09:58:47 +0200
Detection of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with pecan (Carya illinoinensis) trees by molecular and morphological approaches https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/26118/ MycoKeys 42: 73-88

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.42.26118

Authors: L. Fernández Bidondo, R. P. Colombo, M. Recchi, V. A. Silvani, M. Pérgola, A. Martínez, A. M. Godeas

Abstract: Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal community associated with pecan (Carya illinoinensis) roots and rhizospheric soils was assessed by spore isolation and morphological characterisation and by pyrosequencing of AM molecular markers. The AM fungal community associated with pecan growing in the field, was always more diverse than that associated with pecan growing in containers. This was not observed when AM richness was studied, suggesting that soil disturbance by a reduction in host plant richness leads to a less equitable distribution of AM fungal species, in contrast to natural soils. The chosen primers (AMV4.5F/AMDGR) for pyrosequencing showed high AM fungal specificity. Based on 97% sequence similarity, 49 operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) were obtained and, amongst these, 41 MOTUs corresponded to the Glomeromycota phylum. The number of obtained AM sequences ranged from 2164, associated with field samples, to 5572 obtained from pecan trap pot culture samples, defining 30 and 29 MOTUs, respectively. Richness estimated by conventional species identification was 6 and 9 AM fungal species in soil and pot samples, respectively. Claroideoglomus lamellosum, Funneliformis mosseae and Entrophospora infrequens were the only taxa detected using both techniques. Predominant sequences in the pecan rhizosphere samples, such as Rhizoglomus irregulare and other less abundant (Dominikia iranica, Dominikia indica, Sclerocystis sinuosa, Paraglomus laccatum), were detected only by pyrosequencing. Detection of AM fungal species based on spore morphology, in combination with molecular approaches, provides a more comprehensive estimate of fungal community composition.

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Research Article Fri, 30 Nov 2018 17:27:00 +0200
The genus Coprinellus (Basidiomycota; Agaricales) in Pakistan with the description of four new species https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/26743/ MycoKeys 39: 41-61

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.39.26743

Authors: Shah Hussain, Muhammad Usman, Najam-ul-Sehar Afshan, Habib Ahmad, Junaid Khan, Abdul Nasir Khalid

Abstract: Mushrooms with a thin-fleshed pileus that becomes plicate on opening, deliquescent lamellae and dark brown to blackish basidiospores are commonly called coprinoid mushrooms. The genus Coprinellus is one of the important lineages of coprinoid mushroom in the family Psathyrellaceae. Species-level taxonomy in Coprinellus is based mainly on the presence or absence and the structure of veil and cystidia on the pileus, of cystidia on the lamellae and on basidiospore morphology. In this study, four new species of Coprinellus (Co. campanulatus, Co. disseminatus-similis, Co. pakistanicus and Co. tenuis) are described from Pakistan. Species descriptions are based on morphological and molecular data. Phylogenetic analyses based on nuc rDNA ITS region show that the new species Co. campanulatus and Co. disseminatus-similis are clustered in a clade including members of section Micacei; Co. tenuis falls in a clade with members of section Domestici; and Co. pakistanicus recovered in a separate clade adjacent to other recently described clades of genus Coprinellus. Morpho-anatomical descriptions of the new species and comparison with closely allied taxa are provided. With this study, the number of known species of Coprinellus in Pakistan has reached eight.

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Research Article Tue, 11 Sep 2018 09:41:45 +0300
Sulcispora supratumida sp. nov. (Phaeosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales) on Anthoxanthum odoratum from Italy https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/27729/ MycoKeys 38: 35-46

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.38.27729

Authors: Indunil C. Senanayake, Rajesh Jeewon, Erio Camporesi, Kevin D. Hyde, Yu-Jia Zeng, Sheng-Li Tian, Ning Xie

Abstract: Sulcispora is typified by S. pleurospora. We collected a sulcispora-like taxon on leaves of Anthoxanthum odoratum L. in Italy and obtained single ascospore isolates. Combined ITS, LSU, SSU and tef1 sequence analyses suggested that Sulcispora is placed in the family Phaeosphaeriaceae and a newly collected Sulcispora species is introduced here as S. supratumida sp. nov. Detailed descriptions and illustrations are provided for Sulcispora supratumida and it is compared with the type species, S. pleurospora.

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Research Article Tue, 7 Aug 2018 11:25:48 +0300
Amanita tullossiana, a new species, and two new records of Amanita section Lepidella from north-western Himalaya, India https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/26420/ MycoKeys 37: 73-92

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.37.26420

Authors: Md. Iqbal Hosen, Tahir Mehmood, Kanad Das, Linas V. Kudzma, R. P. Bhatt

Abstract: Amanita tullossiana, a new species of Amanita [subgenus Lepidella] section Lepidella from India is described. The species is characterised by its ash grey to brownish-grey pileus covered with dark grey to greyish-black universal veil remnants, the upper part of its rooting stipe base covered by several rows of recurved scales, broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid basidiospores, absence of basidial clamp connections and pileal remnants of universal veil comprising abundant, disordered inflated cells intermixed with scattered filamentous hyphae. Molecular phylogenetic analysis and morphology both support the association of A. tullossiana with species of Bas’ stirps Cinereoconia – A. cinereoconia and A. griseoverrucosa. Two species, A. griseoverrucosa and A. virgineoides are reported here as new records for India.

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Research Article Tue, 31 Jul 2018 09:21:42 +0300
Short-spored Subulicystidium (Trechisporales, Basidiomycota): high morphological diversity and only partly clear species boundaries https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/25678/ MycoKeys 35: 41-99

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.35.25678

Authors: Alexander Ordynets, David Scherf, Felix Pansegrau, Jonathan Denecke, Ludmila Lysenko, Karl-Henrik Larsson, Ewald Langer

Abstract: Diversity of corticioid fungi (resupinate Basidiomycota), especially outside the northern temperate climatic zone, remains poorly explored. Furthermore, most of the known species are delimited by morphological concepts only and, not rarely, these concepts are too broad and need to be tested by molecular tools. For many decades, the delimitation of species in the genus Subulicystidium (Hydnodontaceae, Trechisporales) was a challenge for mycologists. The presence of numerous transitional forms as to basidiospore size and shape hindered species delimitation and almost no data on molecular diversity have been available. In this study, an extensive set of 144 Subulicystidium specimens from Paleo- and Neotropics was examined. Forty-nine sequences of ITS nuclear ribosomal DNA region and 51 sequences of 28S nuclear ribosomal DNA region from fruit bodies of Subulicystidium were obtained and analysed within the barcoding gap framework and with phylogenetic Bayesian and Maximum likelihood approaches. Eleven new species of Subulicystidium are described based on morphology and molecular analyses: Subulicystidium boidinii, S. fusisporum, S. grandisporum, S. harpagum, S. inornatum, S. oberwinkleri, S. parvisporum, S. rarocrystallinum, S. robustius, S. ryvardenii and S. tedersooi. Morphological and DNA-evidenced borders were revised for the five previously known species: S. naviculatum, S. nikau, S. obtusisporum, S. brachysporum and S. meridense. Species-level variation in basidiospore size and shape was estimated based on systematic measurements of 2840 spores from 67 sequenced specimens. An updated identification key to all known species of Subulicystidium is provided.

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Research Article Wed, 27 Jun 2018 09:49:00 +0300
Taxonomic annotation of public fungal ITS sequences from the built environment – a report from an April 10–11, 2017 workshop (Aberdeen, UK) https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/20887/ MycoKeys 28: 65-82

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.28.20887

Authors: R. Henrik Nilsson, Andy F. S. Taylor, Rachel I. Adams, Christiane Baschien, Johan Bengtsson-Palme, Patrik Cangren, Claudia Coleine, Heide-Marie Daniel, Sydney I. Glassman, Yuuri Hirooka, Laszlo Irinyi, Reda Iršėnaitė, Pedro M. Martin-Sanchez, Wieland Meyer, Seung-Yoon Oh, Jose Paulo Sampaio, Keith A. Seifert, Frantisek Sklenář, Dirk Stubbe, Sung-Oui Suh, Richard Summerbell, Sten Svantesson, Martin Unterseher, Cobus M. Visagie, Michael Weiss, Joyce HC Woudenberg, Christian Wurzbacher, Silke Van den Wyngaert, Neriman Yilmaz, Andrey Yurkov, Urmas Kõljalg, Kessy Abarenkov

Abstract: Recent DNA-based studies have shown that the built environment is surprisingly rich in fungi. These indoor fungi – whether transient visitors or more persistent residents – may hold clues to the rising levels of human allergies and other medical and building-related health problems observed globally. The taxonomic identity of these fungi is crucial in such pursuits. Molecular identification of the built mycobiome is no trivial undertaking, however, given the large number of unidentified, misidentified, and technically compromised fungal sequences in public sequence databases. In addition, the sequence metadata required to make informed taxonomic decisions – such as country and host/substrate of collection – are often lacking even from reference and ex-type sequences. Here we report on a taxonomic annotation workshop (April 10–11, 2017) organized at the James Hutton Institute/University of Aberdeen (UK) to facilitate reproducible studies of the built mycobiome. The 32 participants went through public fungal ITS barcode sequences related to the built mycobiome for taxonomic and nomenclatural correctness, technical quality, and metadata availability. A total of 19,508 changes – including 4,783 name changes, 14,121 metadata annotations, and the removal of 99 technically compromised sequences – were implemented in the UNITE database for molecular identification of fungi (https://unite.ut.ee/) and shared with a range of other databases and downstream resources. Among the genera that saw the largest number of changes were Penicillium, Talaromyces, Cladosporium, Acremonium, and Alternaria, all of them of significant importance in both culture-based and culture-independent surveys of the built environment.

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Research Article Mon, 8 Jan 2018 09:30:26 +0200
A survey of xerophilic Aspergillus from indoor environment, including descriptions of two new section Aspergillus species producing eurotium-like sexual states https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/11161/ MycoKeys 19: 1-30

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.19.11161

Authors: Cobus M. Visagie, Neriman Yilmaz, Justin B. Renaud, Mark W. Sumarah, Vit Hubka, Jens C. Frisvad, Amanda J. Chen, Martin Meijer, Keith A. Seifert

Abstract: Xerophilic fungi grow at low water activity or low equilibrium relative humidity and are an important part of the indoor fungal community, of which Aspergillus is one of the dominant genera. A survey of xerophilic fungi isolated from Canadian and Hawaiian house dust resulted in the isolation of 1039 strains; 296 strains belong to Aspergillus and represented 37 species. Reference sequences were generated for all species and deposited in GenBank. Aspergillus sect. Aspergillus (formerly called Eurotium) was one of the most predominant groups from house dust with nine species identified. Additional cultures deposited as Eurotium were received from the Canadian Collection of Fungal Cultures and were also re-identified during this study. Among all strains, two species were found to be new and are introduced here as A. mallochii and A. megasporus. Phylogenetic comparisons with other species of section Aspergillus were made using sequences of ITS, β-tubulin, calmodulin and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit. Morphological observations were made from cultures grown under standardized conditions. Aspergillus mallochii does not grow at 37 °C and produces roughened ascospores with incomplete equatorial furrows. Aspergillus megasporus produces large conidia (up to 12 µm diam) and roughened ascospores with equatorial furrows. Echinulin, quinolactacin A1 & A2, preechinulin and neoechinulin A & B were detected as major extrolites of A. megasporus, while neoechinulin A & B and isoechinulin A, B & C were the major extrolites from A. mallochii.

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Research Article Mon, 9 Jan 2017 09:09:14 +0200
High habitat-specificity in fungal communities in oligo-mesotrophic, temperate Lake Stechlin (North-East Germany) https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/9646/ MycoKeys 16: 17-44

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.16.9646

Authors: Christian Wurzbacher, Norman Warthmann, Elizabeth Bourne, Katrin Attermeyer, Martin Allgaier, Jeff R. Powell, Harald Detering, Susan Mbedi, Hans-Peter Grossart, Michael T. Monaghan

Abstract: Freshwater fungi are a poorly studied ecological group that includes a high taxonomic diversity. Most studies on aquatic fungal diversity have focused on single habitats, thus the linkage between habitat heterogeneity and fungal diversity remains largely unexplored. We took 216 samples from 54 locations representing eight different habitats in the meso-oligotrophic, temperate Lake Stechlin in North-East Germany. These included the pelagic and littoral water column, sediments, and biotic substrates. We performed high throughput sequencing using the Roche 454 platform, employing a universal eukaryotic marker region within the large ribosomal subunit (LSU) to compare fungal diversity, community structure, and species turnover among habitats. Our analysis recovered 1027 fungal OTUs (97% sequence similarity). Richness estimates were highest in the sediment, biofilms, and benthic samples (189–231 OTUs), intermediate in water samples (42–85 OTUs), and lowest in plankton samples (8 OTUs). NMDS grouped the eight studied habitats into six clusters, indicating that community composition was strongly influenced by turnover among habitats. Fungal communities exhibited changes at the phylum and order levels along three different substrate categories from littoral to pelagic habitats. The large majority of OTUs (> 75%) could not be classified below the order level due to the lack of aquatic fungal entries in public sequence databases. Our study provides a first estimate of lake-wide fungal diversity and highlights the important contribution of habitat heterogeneity to overall diversity and community composition. Habitat diversity should be considered in any sampling strategy aiming to assess the fungal diversity of a water body.

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Research Article Fri, 21 Oct 2016 14:43:07 +0300
The Flora Mycologica Iberica Project fungi occurrence dataset https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/9765/ MycoKeys 15: 59-72

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.15.9765

Authors: Francisco Pando, Margarita Dueñas, Carlos Lado, María Teresa Telleria

Abstract: The dataset contains detailed distribution information on several fungal groups. The information has been revised, and in many times compiled, by expert mycologist(s) working on the monographs for the Flora Mycologica Iberica Project (FMI). Records comprise both collection and observational data, obtained from a variety of sources including field work, herbaria, and the literature. The dataset contains 59,235 records, of which 21,393 are georeferenced. These correspond to 2,445 species, grouped in 18 classes. The geographical scope of the dataset is Iberian Peninsula (Continental Portugal and Spain, and Andorra) and Balearic Islands. The complete dataset is available in Darwin Core Archive format via the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF).

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Data Paper Tue, 13 Sep 2016 11:29:58 +0300
New reports, phylogenetic analysis, and a key to Lactarius Pers. in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem informed by molecular data https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/9587/ MycoKeys 15: 1-58

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.15.9587

Authors: Edward G. Barge, Cathy L. Cripps

Abstract: The Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE), located in the Central Rocky Mountains of western North America, is one of the largest nearly intact temperate-zone ecosystems on Earth. Here, Lactarius is an important component of ectomycorrhizal communities in many habitat types, from low elevation riparian areas to high elevation conifer forests and alpine tundra. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of ITS and RPB2 gene sequences along with detailed morphological examination confirm at least 20 Lactarius species, as well as three varieties, and one unresolved species group in the GYE. Eight taxa are reported from the GYE for the first time, and nearly every major ectomycorrhizal host plant in the GYE appears to have at least one Lactarius species associated with it. Broad intercontinental distributions are suggested for alpine Salix and Betula associates, and for certain subalpine Picea and aspen (Populus spp.) associates. Some species appear to be restricted to western North America with Pinus, Pseudotsuga or Abies. The distribution and/or host affinities of others is not clear due in part to ambiguous host assignment, taxonomic problems or the relative rarity with which they have been reported.

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Research Article Thu, 8 Sep 2016 11:45:00 +0300
New records of lichenized and lichenicolous fungi in Scandinavia https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/6670/ MycoKeys 11: 33-61

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.11.6670

Authors: Martin Westberg, Einar Timdal, Johan Asplund, Mika Bendiksby, Reidar Haugan, Fredrik Jonsson, Per Larsson, Göran Odelvik, Mats Wedin, Ana M. Millanes

Abstract: Fourteen species of lichenized or lichenicolous fungi are reported new to either Norway or Sweden or both countries. Several of these are rare and almost unknown. The reported species are: Acarospora insignis (new to Norway), A. pyrenopsoides (Norway, Sweden), A. versicolor (Norway), Calvitimela perlata (Sweden), Lecidea degeliana (Sweden), Nephroma helveticum (Sweden), Peltula placodizans (Norway), Phacographa protoparmeliae (Norway), Rhizocarpon pycnocarpoides (Norway, Sweden), Sarcogyne algoviae (Sweden), Sarcogyne hypophaeoides (Norway, Sweden), Tephromela grumosa (Norway), Tremella lobariacearum (Norway) and Tremella wirthii (Sweden). In addition Cladonia albonigra is confirmed from Sweden. Sarcogyne hypophaeoides is lectotypified and is also reported new to Austria.

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Research Article Fri, 13 Nov 2015 01:22:04 +0200
Shotgun metagenomes and multiple primer pair-barcode combinations of amplicons reveal biases in metabarcoding analyses of fungi https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/4852/ MycoKeys 10: 1-43

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.10.4852

Authors: Leho Tedersoo, Sten Anslan, Mohammad Bahram, Sergei Põlme, Taavi Riit, Ingrid Liiv, Urmas Kõljalg, Veljo Kisand, Henrik Nilsson, Falk Hildebrand, Peer Bork, Kessy Abarenkov

Abstract: Rapid development of high-throughput (HTS) molecular identification methods has revolutionized our knowledge about taxonomic diversity and ecology of fungi. However, PCR-based methods exhibit multiple technical shortcomings that may bias our understanding of the fungal kingdom. This study was initiated to quantify potential biases in fungal community ecology by comparing the relative performance of amplicon-free shotgun metagenomics and amplicons of nine primer pairs over seven nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) regions often used in metabarcoding analyses. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) barcodes ITS1 and ITS2 provided greater taxonomic and functional resolution and richness of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at the 97% similarity threshold compared to barcodes located within the ribosomal small subunit (SSU) and large subunit (LSU) genes. All barcode-primer pair combinations provided consistent results in ranking taxonomic richness and recovering the importance of floristic variables in driving fungal community composition in soils of Papua New Guinea. The choice of forward primer explained up to 2.0% of the variation in OTU-level analysis of the ITS1 and ITS2 barcode data sets. Across the whole data set, barcode-primer pair combination explained 37.6–38.1% of the variation, which surpassed any environmental signal. Overall, the metagenomics data set recovered a similar taxonomic overview, but resulted in much lower fungal rDNA sequencing depth, inability to infer OTUs, and high uncertainty in identification. We recommend the use of ITS2 or the whole ITS region for metabarcoding and we advocate careful choice of primer pairs in consideration of the relative proportion of fungal DNA and expected dominant groups.

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Research Article Wed, 13 May 2015 16:11:09 +0300
Rediscovery of Roesleria subterranea from Japan with a discussion of its infraspecific relationships detected using molecular analysis https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/4564/ MycoKeys 9: 1-9

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.9.6564

Authors: Yousuke Degawa, Tsuyoshi Hosoya, Kentaro Hosaka, Yumiko Hirayama, Yukiko Saito, Yan-Jie Zhao

Abstract: Roesleria subterranea, a distinctive hypogeous fungus, was collected from unidentified deciduous plant roots in red pine forests. The fungus had been documented several times in the past in Japan, but with no description. A description is given here based on specimens collected in Japan. The sequence of the D1-D2 region of the 28S rDNA obtained from the isolate was identical to those of the European and American specimens. Maximum parsimony analysis incorporating the present data and all other available ITS-5.8S sequences for R. subterranea showed that there are two infraspecific groups. One of them, composed of the isolates from Vitis spp. in Germany, Italy, and USA, was monophyletic. The other group, composed of isolates from deciduous trees in various countries, including Japan, was paraphyletic. The phylogenetic patterns indicate that the host may be more important than geographical distance for the genetic diversification of R. subterranea.

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Short Communication Wed, 21 Jan 2015 00:00:00 +0200
Tremella rhizocarpicola sp. nov. and other interesting lichenicolous Tremellales and Filobasidiales in the Nordic countries https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/4068/ MycoKeys 8: 31-41

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.8.8176

Authors: Ana Millanes, Paul Diederich, Martin Westberg, Tommy Knutsson, Mats Wedin

Abstract: New data on the diversity and geographical distribution of lichenicolous Tremellales and Filobasidiales in the Nordic countries is presented. One new species, Tremella rhizocarpicola, is formally described. Tremella pertusariae and T. protoparmeliae are reported as new to the Nordic countries, Syzygospora physciacearum is new to Iceland, Tremella rinodinae is new to Sweden, and T. caloplacae is new to Norway. Nine species are reported as new to a number of Swedish provinces, including Biatoropsis usnearum, Syzygospora bachmannii, S. physciacearum, Tremella caloplacae, T. cetrariicola, T. cladoniae, T. coppinsii, T. diploschistina, and T. hypogymniae.

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Research Article Tue, 16 Sep 2014 00:00:00 +0300
DNA barcode identification of lichen-forming fungal species in the Rhizoplaca melanophthalma species-complex (Lecanorales, Lecanoraceae), including five new species https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/1201/ MycoKeys 7: 1-22

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.7.4508

Authors: Steven Leavitt, Fernando Fernández-Mendoza, Sergio Pérez-Ortega, Mohammad Sohrabi, Pradeep Divakar, Thorsten Lumbsch, Larry St. Clair

Abstract: Recent studies using sequence data from multiple loci and coalescent-based species delimitation have revealed several species-level lineages within the phenotypically circumscribed taxon Rhizoplaca melanophthalma sensu lato. Here, we formally describe five new species within this group, R. occulta, R. parilis, R. polymorpha, R. porterii, and R. shushanii, using support from the coalescent-based species delimitation method implemented in the program Bayesian Phylogenetics and Phylogeography (BPP) as the diagnostic feature distinguishing new species. We provide a reference DNA sequence database using the ITS marker as a DNA barcode for identifying species within this complex. We also assessed intraspecific genetic distances within the six R. melanophthalma sensu lato species. While intraspecific genetic distances within the five new species were less than or equal to the lowest interspecific pairwise comparison values, an overlap in genetic distances within the R. melanophthalma sensu stricto clade suggests the potential for additional phenotypically cryptic lineages within this broadly distributed lineage. Overall, our results demonstrate the potential for accurately identifying species within the R. melanophthalma group by using molecular-based identification methods.

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Research Article Thu, 9 May 2013 00:00:00 +0300
Five species of Candelaria and Candelariella (Ascomycota, Candelariales) new to Switzerland https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/1185/ MycoKeys 3: 1-12

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.3.2864

Authors: Martin Westberg, Philippe Clerc

Abstract: Candelaria pacifica, Candelariella antennaria, C. boleana, C. granuliformis and C. xanthostigmoides are reported from Switzerland for the first time. Candelariella xanthostigmoides is also new to Europe. Candelariella aggregata, C. efflorescens, C. subdeflexa and C. viae-lactea are confirmed to occur in Switzerland. Candelariella antennaria is also reported new to Austria. Brief notes on their identification, ecology and distribution in Switzerland are given.

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Research Article Fri, 30 Mar 2012 00:00:00 +0300