Latest Articles from MycoKeys Latest 100 Articles from MycoKeys https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/ Fri, 29 Mar 2024 07:51:44 +0200 Pensoft FeedCreator https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/i/logo.jpg Latest Articles from MycoKeys https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/ Rostrupomyces, a new genus to accommodate Xerocomus sisongkhramensis, and a new Hemileccinum species (Xerocomoideae, Boletaceae) from Thailand https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/107935/ MycoKeys 103: 129-165

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.103.107935

Authors: Santhiti Vadthanarat, Bhavesh Raghoonundon, Saisamorn Lumyong, Olivier Raspé

Abstract: A new genus, Rostrupomyces is established to accommodate Xerocomus sisongkhramensis based on multiple protein-coding genes (atp6, cox3, tef1, and rpb2) analyses of a wide taxon sampling of Boletaceae. In our phylogeny, the new genus was sister to Rubinosporus in subfamily Xerocomoideae, phylogenetically distant from Xerocomus, which was highly supported as sister to Phylloporus in the same subfamily Xerocomoideae. Rostrupomyces is different from other genera in Boletaceae by the following combination of characters: rugulose to subrugulose pileus surface, white pores when young becoming pale yellow in age, subscabrous stipe surface scattered with granulose squamules, white basal mycelium, unchanging color in any parts, yellowish brown spore print, and broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid, smooth basidiospores. In addition, Hemileccinum inferius, also from subfamily Xerocomoideae, is newly described. Detailed descriptions and illustrations of the new genus and new species are presented.

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Research Article Thu, 28 Mar 2024 18:08:02 +0200
Four new species of Dothideomycetes (Ascomycota) from Pará Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) in Yunnan Province, China https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/117580/ MycoKeys 103: 71-95

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.103.117580

Authors: Rui-Fang Xu, Samantha C. Karunarathna, Chayanard Phukhamsakda, Dong-Qin Dai, Abdallah M. Elgorban, Nakarin Suwannarach, Jaturong Kumla, Xiao-Yan Wang, Saowaluck Tibpromma

Abstract: The tropical areas in southern and south-western Yunnan are rich in fungal diversity. Additionally, the diversity of seed flora in Yunnan Province is higher than in other regions in China and the abundant endemic species of woody plants provide favourable substrates for fungi. Rubber plantations in Yunnan Province are distributed over a large area, especially in Xishuangbanna. During a survey of rubber-associated fungi in Yunnan Province, China, dead rubber branches with fungal fruiting bodies were collected. Morphological characteristics and multigene phylogenetic analyses (ITS, LSU, SSU, rpb2 and tef1-α) revealed four distinct new species, described herein as Melomastia puerensis, Nigrograna lincangensis, Pseudochaetosphaeronema lincangensis and Pseudochaetosphaeronema xishuangbannaensis. Detailed descriptions, illustrations and phylogenetic trees are provided to show the taxonomic placements of these new species.

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Research Article Fri, 22 Mar 2024 19:41:01 +0200
Species diversity and taxonomy of Vararia (Russulales, Basidiomycota) with descriptions of six species from Southwestern China https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/118980/ MycoKeys 103: 97-128

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.103.118980

Authors: Yinglian Deng, Sana Jabeen, Changlin Zhao

Abstract: Vararia is a species-rich genus in the family Peniophoraceae and has been shown to be polyphyletic. In this study, sequences of ITS and LSU rRNA markers of the studied samples were generated and phylogenetic analyses were performed with the maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, and Bayesian inference methods. Seventeen lineages including six new species from China, i.e., V. fissurata, V. lincangensis, V. punctata, V. isabellina, V. sinensis, and V. yaoshanensis were recognized, in which V. fissurata is characterized by the brittle basidiomata with pruinose and cracking hymenophore having white to olivaceous buff hymenial surface, the clamped generative hyphae, presence of the two types gloeocystidia; V. lincangensis is characterized by the simple-septa generative hyphae, and thick-walled skeletal hyphae, and ellipsoid basidiospores; V. punctata is delimited by its thin to slightly thick-walled generative hyphae, and thick-walled skeletal hyphae, present thick-walled, clavate to cylindrical gloeocystidia; V. isabellina is characterized by having the cream to isabelline to slightly brown hymenial surface, thin to slightly thick-walled generative hyphae, and sub-fusiform to navicular basidiospores; V. sinensis is distinguishable by its white to slightly pink hymenial surface, thick-walled skeletal hyphae, and sub-fusiform to navicular basidiospores; V. yaoshanensis is characterized by cream to pinkish buff to cinnamon-buff hymenial surface, slightly thick-walled generative hyphae, the presence of two types gloeocystidia, and slightly thick-walled, ellipsoid basidiospores. Phylogram based on the ITS+nLSU rDNA gene regions included nine genera within the family Peniophoraceae as Amylostereum, Asterostroma, Baltazaria, Dichostereum, Michenera, Peniophora, Scytinostroma and Vararia, in which the six new wood-inhabiting fungi species were grouped into genus Vararia. The phylogenetic tree inferred from the combined ITS and LSU tree sequences highlighted that V. fissurata was found to be the sister to V. ellipsospora with strong supports. Additionally, V. lincangensis was clustered with V. fragilis. Furthermore, V. punctata was retrieved as a sister to V. ambigua. Moreover, V. sinensis was grouped with five taxa as V. breviphysa, V. pirispora, V. fusispora, V. abortiphysa and V. insolita. The new species V. isabellina formed a monophyletic lineage, in which it was then grouped closely with V. daweishanensis, and V. gracilispora. In addition, V. yaoshanensis was found to be the sister to V. gallica with strong supports. The present results increased the knowledge of Vararia species diversity and taxonomy of corticioid fungi in China. An identification key to 17 species of Vararia in China is provided.

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Research Article Fri, 22 Mar 2024 10:29:13 +0200
Molecular and morphological data reveal two new species of Tropicoporus (Hymenochaetaceae, Basidiomycota) from Australia and tropical Asia https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/119027/ MycoKeys 103: 57-70

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.103.119027

Authors: An-Hong Zhu, Zhan-Bo Liu, Yue Li, Hong-Gao Liu, Yuan Yuan, Shuang-Hui He

Abstract: Phylogenetic analyses and morphological examination confirmed two new species in the tropical polypore genus Tropicoporus, T. oceanianus and T. zuzaneae, from Australia and tropical Asia, respectively. A phylogenetic analysis based on the two DNA markers including the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the large subunit (nLSU) gene shows that these two new species form two independent lineages nested in the genus Tropicoporus. T. oceanianus is characterized by perennial and ungulate basidiomata, the occasional presence of hymenial setae, a trimitic hyphal structure in the context and a dimitic hyphal system in the trama, and broadly ellipsoid to subglobose basidiospores measuring 5.2–6 × 4–5 μm. T. zuzaneae is characterized by perennial and resupinate basidiomata with distinct receding margin, glancing pores, very thin to almost lacking subiculum, a dimitic hyphal structure, the absence of any setal elements, broadly ellipsoid to subglobose basidiospores measuring 3.8–4.9 × 3–4.2 µm. The differences among the new species and their phylogenetically related and morphologically similar species are discussed.

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Research Article Tue, 19 Mar 2024 09:52:29 +0200
Multiple evidence reveals two new species and new distributions of Calocybe species (Lyophyllaceae) from northeastern China https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/116605/ MycoKeys 103: 37-55

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.103.116605

Authors: Ao Ma, Jia-Jun Hu, Yue-Qu Chen, Xin Wang, Yong-Lan Tuo, Lei Yue, Xue-Fei Li, Dan Dai, Yun-Hui Wei, Bo Zhang, Yu Li

Abstract: The Calocybe species possess notable economic and medicinal value, demonstrating substantial potential for resource utilization. The taxonomic studies of Calocybe are lacking in quality and depth. Based on the specimens collected from northeast China, this study provides a detailed description of two newly discovered species, namely Calocybe betulicola and Calocybe cystidiosa, as well as two commonly found species, Calocybe decolorata and Calocybe ionides. Additionally, a previously unrecorded species, C. decolorata, has recently been discovered in Jilin Province, China. The two newly discovered species can be accurately distinguished from other species within the genus Calocybe based on their distinct morphological characteristics. The primary distinguishing features of C. betulicola include its grayish-purple pileus, grayish-brown to dark purple stipe, smaller basidiomata, absence of cellular pileipellis, and its habitat on leaf litter within birch forests. Calocybe cystidiosa is distinguished by its growth on the leaf litter of coniferous forests, a flesh-pink pileus, a fibrous stipe with a white tomentose covering at the base, non-cellular pileipellis, larger basidiospores, and the presence of cheilocystidia. The reconstruction of phylogenetic trees using combined ITS, nLSU, and tef1-α sequences, employing maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses, showed that C. betulicola formed a cluster with C. decurrens, while C. cystidiosa clustered with C. vinacea. However, these two clusters formed separate branches themselves, which also supported the results obtained from our morphological studies. A key to the Calocybe species reported from northeast China is provided to facilitate future studies of the genus.

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Research Article Wed, 13 Mar 2024 10:55:40 +0200
The Dolichens database: the lichen biota of the Dolomites https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/115462/ MycoKeys 103: 25-35

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.103.115462

Authors: Luana Francesconi, Matteo Conti, Gabriele Gheza, Stefano Martellos, Pier Luigi Nimis, Chiara Vallese, Juri Nascimbene

Abstract: The Dolichens project provides the first dynamic inventory of the lichens of the Dolomites (Eastern Alps, Italy). Occurrence records were retrieved from published and grey literature, reviewed herbaria, unpublished records collected by the authors, and new sampling campaigns, covering a period from 1820 to 2022. Currently, the dataset contains 56,251 records, referring to 1,719 infrageneric taxa, reported from 1820 to 2022, from hilly to nival belts, and corresponding to about half of the species known for the whole Alpine chain. Amongst them, 98% are georeferenced, although most of them were georeferenced a posteriori. The dataset is available through the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF; https://www.gbif.org/es/dataset/cea3ee2c-1ff1-4f8e-bb37-a99600cb4134) and through the Dolichens website (https://italic.units.it/dolichens/). We expect that this open floristic inventory will contribute to tracking the lichen diversity of the Dolomites over the past 200 years, and providing the basis for future taxonomic, biogeographical, and ecological studies.

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Data Paper Mon, 11 Mar 2024 17:55:40 +0200
Molecular phylogeny and morphology reveal two new entomopathogenic species of Ophiocordyceps (Ophiocordycipitaceae, Hypocreales) parasitic on termites from China https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/116153/ MycoKeys 103: 1-24

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.103.116153

Authors: Qi Fan, Tao Yang, Hui Li, Xue-Mei Wang, He-Fa Liao, Pei-Hong Shen, Zhu-Liang Yang, Wen-Bo Zeng, Yuan-Bing Wang

Abstract: Two new termite-pathogenic species, Ophiocordyceps globiperitheciata and O. longistipes, are described from Yunnan Province, China. Six-locus (ITS, nrSSU, nrLSU, tef-1α, rpb1 and rpb2) phylogenetic analyses in combination with morphological observations were employed to characterize these two species. Phylogenetically, O. globiperitheciata is most closely related to Hirsutella cryptosclerotium and O. communis, whereas O. longistipes shares a sister relationship with O. fusiformis. However, O. globiperitheciata differs from H. cryptosclerotium by parasitizing Blattodea and producing clavate, unbifurcated stromata. Ophiocordyceps globiperitheciata is distinguished from O. communis by multiple stromata, shorter asci and ascospores. Ophiocordyceps longistipes differs from O. fusiformis in producing larger stromata, perithecia, asci and ascospores, as well as smaller citriform or oval conidia. Morphological descriptions of the two new species and a dichotomous key to the 19 termite-pathogenic Ophiocordyceps species are presented.

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Research Article Fri, 8 Mar 2024 10:27:20 +0200
Corrigendum: Hu H et al. (2023) Taxonomic and phylogenetic characterisations of six species of Pleosporales (in Didymosphaeriaceae, Roussoellaceae and Nigrogranaceae) from China. MycoKeys 100: 123–151. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.100.109423 https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/116896/ MycoKeys 102: 317-322

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.102.116896

Authors: Hongmin Hu, Minghui He, Youpeng Wu, Sihan Long, Xu Zhang, Lili Liu, Xiangchun Shen, Nalin N. Wijayawardene, Zebin Meng, Qingde Long, Jichuan Kang, Qirui Li

Abstract: Four new species, Xynobius azonius sp. nov., X. brevifemora sp. nov., X. duoferus sp. nov., and X. stipitoides sp. nov., are described and illustrated, and one species X. geniculatus (Thomson, 1895) is newly reported from South Korea. Xynobius geniculatus (Thomson, 1895) is redescribed and illustrated, and a new combination, Xynobius (Stigmatopoea) cubitalis (Fischer, 1959), comb. nov. is suggested. An identification key to the Xynobius species known from South Korea is provided.

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Corrigenda Thu, 7 Mar 2024 18:54:40 +0200
Two new species of Sordariomycetes (Chaetomiaceae and Nectriaceae) from China https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/114480/ MycoKeys 102: 301-315

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.102.114480

Authors: Hai-Yan Wang, Xin Li, Chun-Bo Dong, Yan-Wei Zhang, Wan-Hao Chen, Jian-Dong Liang, Yan-Feng Han

Abstract: Rich and diverse fungal species occur in different habitats on the earth. Many new taxa are being reported and described in increasing numbers with the advent of molecular phylogenetics. However, there are still a number of unknown fungi that have not yet been discovered and described. During a survey of fungal diversity in different habitats in China, we identified and proposed two new species, based on the morphology and multi-gene phylogenetic analyses. Herein, we report the descriptions, illustrations and molecular phylogeny of the two new species, Bisifusarium keratinophilum sp. nov. and Ovatospora sinensis sp. nov.

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Research Article Thu, 7 Mar 2024 18:53:19 +0200
Two novel species of arctic-alpine lichen-forming fungi (Ascomycota, Megasporaceae) from the Deosai Plains, Pakistan https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/113310/ MycoKeys 102: 285-299

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.102.113310

Authors: Muhammad Usman, Paul S. Dyer, Matthias Brock, Christopher M. Wade, Abdul Nasir Khalid

Abstract: Members of the lichen-forming fungal genus Oxneriaria are known to occur in cold polar and high altitudinal environments. Two new species, Oxneriaria crittendenii and O. deosaiensis, are now described from the high altitude Deosai Plains, Pakistan, based on phenotypic, multigene phylogenetic and chemical evidence. Phenotypically, O. crittendenii is characterised by orbicular light-brown thalli 1.5–5 cm across, spot tests (K, C, KC) negative, apothecia pruinose, hymenium initially blue then dark orange in response to Lugol’s solution. Oxneriaria deosaiensis is characterised by irregular areolate grey thalli 1.5–2 cm across, K test (light brown), KC test (dark brown), apothecia epruinose, hymenium initially blue then dark blue in response to Lugol’s solution. Both species share the same characters of thalli with black margins and polarilocular ascospores. The closest previously reported species, O. pruinosa, differs from O. crittendenii and O. deosaiensis in having non-lobate margins, thin thalline exciple (45–80 μm thick), short asci (55–80 × 25–42 μm) and K positive (yellow) and KC negative tests and divergent DNA sequence in the ITS, LSU and mt SSU regions. The newly-described Oxneriaria species add to growing evidence of the Deosai Plains as a region of important arctic-alpine biodiversity.

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Research Article Fri, 1 Mar 2024 18:21:56 +0200
Morphological and molecular analyses reveal two new species of Grifola (Polyporales) from Yunnan, China https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/118518/ MycoKeys 102: 267-284

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.102.118518

Authors: Song-Ming Tang, De-Chao Chen, Shuai Wang, Xiao-Qu Wu, Cheng-Ce Ao, Er-Xian Li, Hong-Mei Luo, Shu-Hong Li

Abstract: Species of Grifola are famous edible mushrooms and are deeply loved by consumers around the world. Most species of this genus have been described and recorded in Oceania, Europe and South America, with only Grifola frondosa being recorded in Asia. In this study, two novel species of Grifola from southwestern China (Asia) are introduced. Macro and micromorphological characters are described. Grifola edulis sp. nov. present medium-size basidiomata with gray to gray-brown lobes upper surface, mostly tibiiform or narrowly clavate, rarely narrowly lageniform or ellipsoid chlamydospores, cuticle hyphae terminal segments slightly enlarged. Grifola sinensis sp. nov. has white to grayish white lobes upper surface, mostly ellipsoid, rarely narrowly utriform chlamydospores, and broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid basidiospores (4.6–7.9 × 3.0–5.9 μm). The two new species are supported by phylogenetic analyses of combined nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA (ITS) and β-tubulin (TUBB). Moreover, the genetic distance between TUBB sequences of those specimen from GenBank was 1.76–1.9%. Thus, the conspecificity relationship of our specimens remains uncertain, and further specimens are required to conclusively confirm its identity.

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Research Article Thu, 29 Feb 2024 18:54:15 +0200
Two new species and one new combination of Ophiocordyceps (Hypocreales, Ophiocordycipitaceae) in Guizhou https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/113351/ MycoKeys 102: 245-266

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.102.113351

Authors: Xing-Can Peng, Ting-Chi Wen, De-Ping Wei, Yu-Hong Liao, Yi Wang, Xian Zhang, Gui-Ying Wang, Yun Zhou, Khanobporn Tangtrakulwanich, Jian-Dong Liang

Abstract: Ophiocordyceps is the largest genus in Ophiocordycipitaceae and has a broad distribution with high diversity in subtropical and tropical regions. In this study, two new species, pathogenic on lepidopteran larvae are introduced, based on morphological observation and molecular phylogeny. Ophiocordyceps fenggangensis sp. nov. is characterised by having fibrous, stalked stroma with a sterile tip, immersed perithecia, cylindrical asci and filiform ascospores disarticulating into secondary spores. Ophiocordyceps liangii sp. nov. has the characteristics of fibrous, brown, stipitate, filiform stroma, superficial perithecia, cylindrical asci and cylindrical-filiform, non-disarticulating ascospores. A new combination Ophiocordyceps musicaudata (syn. Cordyceps musicaudata) is established employing molecular analysis and morphological characteristics. Ophiocordyceps musicaudata is characterised by wiry, stipitate, solitary, paired to multiple stromata, yellowish, branched fertile part, brown stipe, immersed perithecia, cylindrical asci and cylindrical-filiform, non-disarticulating ascospores.

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Research Article Thu, 29 Feb 2024 18:53:37 +0200
Two new species of Diaporthe (Diaporthaceae, Diaporthales) associated with Camellia oleifera leaf spot disease in Hainan Province, China https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/113412/ MycoKeys 102: 225-243

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.102.113412

Authors: Hong Y. Liu, Dun Luo, Han L. Huang, Qin Yang

Abstract: Tea-oil tree (Camellia oleifera Abel.) is an important edible oil woody plant with a planting area over 3,800,000 hectares in southern China. Species of Diaporthe inhabit a wide range of plant hosts as plant pathogens, endophytes and saprobes. Here, we conducted an extensive field survey in Hainan Province to identify and characterise Diaporthe species associated with tea-oil leaf spots. As a result, eight isolates of Diaporthe were obtained from symptomatic C. oleifera leaves. These isolates were studied, based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses of partial ITS, cal, his3, tef1 and tub2 gene regions. Two new Diaporthe species (D. hainanensis and D. pseudofoliicola) were proposed and described herein.

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Research Article Tue, 27 Feb 2024 16:56:54 +0200
Diversity, pathogenicity and two new species of pestalotioid fungi (Amphisphaeriales) associated with Chinese Yew in Guangxi, China https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/113696/ MycoKeys 102: 201-224

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.102.113696

Authors: Yifeng Wang, Kin-Ming Tsui, Shimei Chen, Chongjuan You

Abstract: Chinese yew, Taxus chinensis var. mairei is an endangered shrub native to south-eastern China and is widely known for its medicinal value. The increased cultivation of Chinese yew has increased the incidence of various fungal diseases. In this study, Pestalotioid fungi associated with needle spot of Chinese yew were isolated from Guangxi Province. Based on morphological examinations and multi-locus (ITS, tub2, tef-1α) phylogenies, these isolates were identified to five species, including two new species, Pestalotiopsis taxicola and P. multicolor, two potential novel Neopestalotiopsis species, Neopestalotiopsis sp. 3 and Neopestalotiopsis sp. 4, with a known Pestalotiopsis species (Pestalotiopsis trachycarpicola), firstly recorded from Chinese yew. These two new Pestalotiopsis species were morphologically and phylogenetically distinct from the extant Pestalotioid species in Chinese yew. Pathogenicity and culture characteristic tests of these five Pestalotioid species were also performed in this study. The pathogenicity test results revealed that Neopestalotiopsis sp. 3 can cause diseases in Chinese yew needles. These results have indicated that the diversity of Pestalotioid species associated with Chinese yew was greater than previously determined and provided helpful information for Chinese yew disease diagnosis and management.

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Research Article Tue, 27 Feb 2024 10:40:02 +0200
Three novel species of Aquapteridospora (Distoseptisporales, Aquapteridosporaceae) from freshwater habitats in Tibetan Plateau, China https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/112905/ MycoKeys 102: 183-200

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.102.112905

Authors: Rong-Ju Xu, Jun-Fu Li, De-Qun Zhou, Saranyaphat Boonmee, Qi Zhao, Ya-Ya Chen

Abstract: During an investigation of lignicolous freshwater fungi in the Tibetan Plateau, three Aquapteridospora taxa were collected from freshwater habitats in Xizang, China. The new species possess polyblastic, sympodial, denticles conidiogenous cells and fusiform, septate, with or without sheath conidial, that fit within the generic concept of Aquapteridospora, and multi-gene phylogeny placed these species within Aquapteridospora. Detailed morphological observations clearly demarcate three of these from extant species and are hence described as new taxa. The multi-gene phylogeny of the combined LSU, TEF1-α, and ITS sequence data to infer phylogenetic relationships and discuss phylogenetic affinities with morphologically similar species. Based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses, three new species viz. A. linzhiensis, A. yadongensis, and A. submersa are introduced. Details of asexual morphs are described, and justifications for establishing these new species are also provided in this study.

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Research Article Fri, 23 Feb 2024 14:20:21 +0200
Phylogeny of the genus Loxospora s.l. (Sarrameanales, Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota), with Chicitaea gen. nov. and five new combinations in Chicitaea and Loxospora https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/116196/ MycoKeys 102: 155-181

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.102.116196

Authors: Łucja Ptach-Styn, Beata Guzow-Krzemińska, James C. Lendemer, Tor Tønsberg, Martin Kukwa

Abstract: Loxospora is a genus of crustose lichens containing 13 accepted species that can be separated into two groups, based on differences in secondary chemistry that correlate with differences in characters of the sexual reproductive structures (asci and ascospores). Molecular phylogenetic analyses recovered these groups as monophyletic and support their recognition as distinct genera that differ in phenotypic characters. Species containing 2’-O-methylperlatolic acid are transferred to the new genus, Chicitaea Guzow-Krzem., Kukwa & Lendemer and four new combinations are proposed: C. assateaguensis (Lendemer) Guzow-Krzem., Kukwa & Lendemer, C. confusa (Lendemer) Guzow-Krzem., Kukwa & Lendemer, C. cristinae (Guzow-Krzem., Łubek, Kubiak & Kukwa) Guzow-Krzem., Kukwa & Lendemer and C. lecanoriformis (Lumbsch, A.W. Archer & Elix) Guzow-Krzem., Kukwa & Lendemer. The remaining species produce thamnolic acid and represent Loxospora s.str. Haplotype analyses recovered sequences of L. elatina in two distinct groups, one corresponding to L. elatina s.str. and one to Pertusaria chloropolia, the latter being resurrected from synonymy of L. elatina and, thus, requiring the combination, L. chloropolia (Erichsen) Ptach-Styn, Guzow-Krzem., Tønsberg & Kukwa. Sequences of L. ochrophaea were found to be intermixed within the otherwise monophyletic L. elatina s.str. These two taxa, which differ in contrasting reproductive mode and overall geographic distributions, are maintained as distinct, pending further studies with additional molecular loci. Lectotypes are selected for Lecanora elatina, Pertusaria chloropolia and P. chloropolia f. cana. The latter is a synonym of Loxospora chloropolia. New primers for the amplification of mtSSU are also presented.

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Research Article Mon, 19 Feb 2024 16:32:21 +0200
Additional four species of Tatraea (Leotiomycetes, Helotiales) in Yunnan Province, China https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/112565/ MycoKeys 102: 127-154

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.102.112565

Authors: Cui-Jin-Yi Li, Kandawatte Wedaralalage Thilini Chethana, Prapassorn Damrongkool Eungwanichayapant, De-Qun Zhou, Qi Zhao

Abstract: During the investigations of discomycetes in Yunnan, China, five species of Tatraea were discovered on decayed, decorticated oak trees or unidentified wood. All species have typical disc-like, large fruiting bodies with grey, brown or greyish-green colors. The ITS sequence analysis showed that they belong to Tatraea (Helotiaceae, Helotiales) and the LSU and ITS combination revealed a different topology within the genus. Four species, T. clepsydriformis, T. griseoturcoisina, T. yunnanensis and T. yuxiensis were established as new species, and T. aseptata was collected and described on oak woods. The pairwise homoplasy index (PHI) test results indicated that there is no significant genetic recombination (Φw = 1.0) between all related species pairs. All the species described here are supported by descriptions, illustrations and multi-gene analyses.

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Research Article Wed, 14 Feb 2024 12:04:40 +0200
Three new Pyrenula species with 3-septate ascospores with red or orange oil when over-mature (Ascomycota, Pyrenulales, Pyrenulaceae) from China https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/113619/ MycoKeys 102: 107-125

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.102.113619

Authors: Mingzhu Dou, Shengnan Liu, Jiechen Li, André Aptroot, Zefeng Jia

Abstract: The lichenised fungal genus Pyrenula is a very common crustose lichen element in tropical to subtropical forests, but little research has been done on this genus in China. During our study on Pyrenula in China, based on morphological characteristics, chemical traits and molecular phylogenetic analysis (ITS and nuLSU), three new 3-septate species with red or orange oil in over-mature ascospores were found: Pyrenula inspersa sp. nov., P. thailandicoides sp. nov. and P. apiculata sp. nov. Compared to the known 3-septate species of Pyrenula with red or orange oil, P. inspersa is characterised by the inspersed hamathecium; P. thailandicoides is characterised by the IKI+ red hamathecium and the existence of an unknown lichen substance; and P. apiculata is characterised by the absence of endospore layers in the spore tips and the absence of pseudocyphellae. It is reported for the first time that the presence of a gelatinous halo around the ascospores of Pyrenula is common. A word key for the Pyrenula species with red or orange oil in over-mature ascospores is provided.

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Research Article Mon, 12 Feb 2024 10:21:10 +0200
Identification of two new species and a new host record of Distoseptispora (Distoseptisporaceae, Distoseptisporales, Sordariomycetes) from terrestrial and freshwater habitats in Southern China https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/115452/ MycoKeys 102: 83-105

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.102.115452

Authors: Xue-Mei Chen, Xia Tang, Jian Ma, Ning-Guo Liu, Saowaluck Tibpromma, Samantha C. Karunarathna, Yuan-Pin Xiao, Yong-Zhong Lu

Abstract: During our investigation of saprophytic fungi in Guizhou and Hainan provinces, China, three hyphomycetes were collected from terrestrial and freshwater habitats. Based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of combined ITS, LSU, tef1-α, and rpb2 sequence data, two new species are introduced: Distoseptispora hainanensis and D. lanceolatispora. Additionally, one known species, D. tectonae, previously unreported from Edgeworthia chrysantha, is newly reported. Detailed descriptions, illustrations, and a phylogenetic tree to show the two new species and the new host record of Distoseptispora are provided. In addition, a checklist of Distoseptispora species with their locations, lifestyles, habitats, and hosts is provided.

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Research Article Fri, 9 Feb 2024 18:17:29 +0200
Morphology and multigene phylogeny reveal three new species of Distoseptispora (Distoseptisporales, Distoseptisporaceae) on palms (Arecaceae) from peatswamp areas in southern Thailand https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/112815/ MycoKeys 102: 55-81

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.102.112815

Authors: Omid Karimi, K. W. Thilini Chethana, Antonio R. G. de Farias, Raheleh Asghari, Saithong Kaewchai, Kevin D. Hyde, Qirui Li

Abstract: Peatswamp forest is a unique habitat that supports high biodiversity, particularly fungal diversity. The current study collected submerged and dead plant parts from Eleiodoxa conferta, Eugeissona tristis and Licuala paludosa from a peatswamp forest in Narathiwat Province, Thailand. Morphological features coupled with multigene phylogenetic analyses of ITS, LSU, rpb2 and tef1-α sequence data identified our isolates as new Distoseptispora species (viz. D. arecacearum sp. nov., D. eleiodoxae sp. nov. and D. narathiwatensis sp. nov.). Morphological descriptions, illustrations and notes are provided.

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Research Article Fri, 9 Feb 2024 13:33:22 +0200
New species of Tropicoporus (Basidiomycota, Hymenochaetales, Hymenochaetaceae) from India, with a key to Afro-Asian Tropicoporus species https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/117067/ MycoKeys 102: 29-54

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.102.117067

Authors: Sugantha Gunaseelan, Kezhocuyi Kezo, Samantha C. Karunarathna, Erfu Yang, Changlin Zhao, Abdallah M. Elgorban, Saowaluck Tibpromma, Malarvizhi Kaliyaperumal

Abstract: The Inonotus linteus complex, predominantly reported from East Asia, Mesoamerica and Caribbean countries, was circumscribed into Tropicoporus as one of the new genera, based on morphological and phylogenetic data. The present paper describes four new species of Tropicoporus from India. Morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses, based on ITS and nLSU data, delimited the new species, which are named T. cleistanthicola, T. indicus, T. pseudoindicus and T. tamilnaduensis. The pairwise homoplasy index (PHI) test was done to confirm the distinctive nature of the new species. The traits of Indian species remain distinct from one another, except for the pileate basidiome with the mono-dimitic hyphal system, cystidioles and broadly ellipsoid basidiospores. Descriptions, illustrations, PHI test results and a phylogenetic tree to show the position of the new species are provided. In addition, an identification key to Tropicoporus in Asia and an African species is given.

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Research Article Mon, 5 Feb 2024 10:44:13 +0200
Diversity of Distoseptispora (Distoseptisporaceae) taxa on submerged decaying wood from the Red River in Yunnan, China https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/116096/ MycoKeys 102: 1-28

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.102.116096

Authors: Hong-Wei Shen, Dan-Feng Bao, Saranyaphat Boonmee, Yong-Zhong Lu, Xi-Jun Su, Yun-Xia Li, Zong-Long Luo

Abstract: The Red River Basin is located in the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot and is rich in lignicolous freshwater fungi, but no systematic research has been conducted. A systematic study on the species diversity of lignicolous freshwater fungi in the basin is ongoing. Seven distoseptispora-like specimens were collected from the Red River Basin in Yunnan. Phylogenetic analysis of ITS, LSU, tef1-α, and rpb2 genes and combined morphological data indicate that there are six distinct species of Distoseptispora, including two new species and four known species. Two new species were named D. suae and D. xinpingensis, and the four known species were D. bambusae, D. euseptata, D. obpyriformis and D. pachyconidia. This study provides detailed descriptions and illustrations of these six species and an updated phylogenetic backbone tree of Distoseptispora.

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Research Article Mon, 5 Feb 2024 10:43:53 +0200
Three novel species and new records of Kirschsteiniothelia (Kirschsteiniotheliales) from northern Thailand https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/115286/ MycoKeys 101: 347-370

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.101.115286

Authors: Antonio Roberto Gomes de Farias, Naghmeh Afshari, Veenavee S. Hittanadurage Silva, Johnny Louangphan, Omid Karimi, Saranyaphat Boonmee

Abstract: Kirschsteiniothelia (Kirschsteiniotheliales, Pleosporomycetidae) includes 39 saprobic species recorded from dead or decaying wood in terrestrial and freshwater habitats. This study focuses on exploring Kirschsteiniothelia diversity in woody litter in Thailand. Wood samples were collected from forest areas in Chiang Rai and Chiang Mai Provinces in Thailand and examined for fungal fructifications. Fungal isolates were obtained and their morphological and sequence data were characterised. Micromorphology associated with multilocus phylogeny of ITS, LSU and SSU sequence data identified three isolates as novel species (Kirschsteiniothelia inthanonensis, K. saprophytica and K. zizyphifolii) besides new host records for K. tectonae and K. xishuangbannaensis. The placement of the new taxa and records are supported by morphological illustrations, descriptions and molecular phylogenies and the implications of these findings are discussed. Our findings provide information for understanding Kirschsteiniothelia diversity and ecology.

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Research Article Fri, 2 Feb 2024 17:51:26 +0200
Morphology and multigene phylogeny reveal three new species of Samsoniella (Cordycipitaceae, Hypocreales) from spiders in China https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/111882/ MycoKeys 101: 329-346

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.101.111882

Authors: Ting Wang, Jun Li, Xiaoyun Chang, Zengzhi Li, Nigel L. Hywel-Jones, Bo Huang, Mingjun Chen

Abstract: The genus Samsoniella was erected based on orange cylindrical to clavate stromata, superficial perithecia and conidiophores with Isaria-like phialides and to segregate them from the Akanthomyces group. In this study, based on morphological features and multigene (SSU, LSU, TEF, RPB1 and RPB2) phylogenetic analysis six Samsoniella species parasitizing spiders were collected in China. Three of them belong to known species S. alpina, S. erucae and S. hepiali. Three new species S. anhuiensis sp. nov., S. aranea sp. nov. and S. fusiformispora sp. nov. are illustrated and described. They are clearly distinct from other species in Samsoniella occurring in independent subclades. Furthermore, among the four insect-pathogenic fungi specimens collected from similar sites, three of them were identified as the new species described below. Our study significantly broadens the host range of Samsoniella from Insecta to Arachnida, marking a noteworthy expansion in understanding the ecological associations of these fungi. Additionally, the identification of both mononematous and synnematous conidiophores in our study not only expands the knowledge of Samsoniella species but also provides a basis for future research by comparing the ecological significance between these conidiophore types. In conclusion, our study enhances the understanding of Samsoniella diversity, presenting a refined phylogenetic framework and shedding light on the ecological roles of these fungi in spider parasitism.

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Research Article Fri, 2 Feb 2024 15:20:26 +0200
Three new Dioszegia species (Bulleribasidiaceae, Tremellales) discovered in the phylloplane in China https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/117174/ MycoKeys 101: 313-328

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.101.117174

Authors: Ya-Zhuo Qiao, Shan Liu, Qiu-Hong Niu, Feng-Li Hui

Abstract: The genus Dioszegia is comprised of anamorphic basidiomycetous yeasts and is classified in the family Bulleribasidiaceae of the order Tremellales. Currently, 24 species have been described and accepted as members of the genus, although its diversity and global distribution have not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, yeasts were isolated from plant leaves collected in the Guizhou and Henan Provinces of China and identified through a combination of morphological and molecular methods. Phylogenetic analyses of the combined ITS and LSU sequences coupled with morphological studies revealed three novel species, D. guizhouensis sp. nov., D. foliicola sp. nov., and D. aurantia sp. nov., proposed here. Additionally, our phylogenetic analyses suggest that the recently discovered species D. terrae is a synonym of D. maotaiensis. This study presents detailed descriptions and illustrations of three new Dioszegia species and highlights distinctions between them and their close relatives. The findings of this study contribute to our knowledge of the biodiversity of Dioszegia, offering a foundation for future research.

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Research Article Fri, 2 Feb 2024 15:07:48 +0200
Hidden diversity of Pestalotiopsis and Neopestalotiopsis (Amphisphaeriales, Sporocadaceae) species allied with the stromata of entomopathogenic fungi in Taiwan https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/113090/ MycoKeys 101: 275-312

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.101.113090

Authors: Sheng-Yu Hsu, Yuan-Cheng Xu, Yu-Chen Lin, Wei-Yu Chuang, Shiou-Ruei Lin, Marc Stadler, Narumon Tangthirasunun, Ratchadawan Cheewangkoon, Hind A. AL-Shwaiman, Abdallah M. Elgorban, Hiran A. Ariyawansa

Abstract: Pestalotiopsis sensu lato, commonly referred to as pestalotiopsis-like fungi, exhibit a broad distribution and are frequently found as endophytes, saprobes and pathogens across various plant hosts. The taxa within pestalotiopsis-like fungi are classified into three genera viz. Pestalotiopsis, Pseudopestalotiopsis and Neopestalotiopsis, based on the conidial colour of their median cells and multi-locus molecular phylogenies. In the course of a biodiversity investigation focusing on pestalotiopsis-like fungi, a total of 12 fungal strains were identified. These strains were found to be associated with stromata of Beauveria, Ophiocordyceps and Tolypocladium in various regions of Taiwan from 2018 to 2021. These strains were evaluated morphologically and multi-locus phylogenetic analyses of the ITS (internal transcribed spacer), tef1-α (translation elongation factor 1-α) and tub2 (beta-tubulin) gene regions were conducted for genotyping. The results revealed seven well-classified taxa and one tentative clade in Pestalotiopsis and Neopestalotiopsis. One novel species, Pestalotiopsis manyueyuanani and four new records, N. camelliae-oleiferae, N. haikouensis, P. chamaeropis and P. hispanica, were reported for the first time in Taiwan. In addition, P. formosana and an unclassified strain of Neopestalotiopsis were identified, based on similarities of phylogeny and morphology. However, the data obtained in the present study suggest that the currently recommended loci for species delimitation of pestalotiopsis-like fungi do not deliver reliable or adequate resolution of tree topologies. The in-vitro mycelial growth rates of selected strains from these taxa had an optimum temperature of 25 °C, but growth ceased at 5 °C and 35 °C, while all the strains grew faster under alkaline than acidic or neutral pH conditions. This study provides the first assessment of pestalotiopsis-like fungi, associated with entomopathogenic taxa.

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Research Article Wed, 31 Jan 2024 11:56:12 +0200
Two novel freshwater hyphomycetes, in Acrogenospora (Minutisphaerales, Dothideomycetes) and Conioscypha (Conioscyphales, Sordariomycetes) from Southwestern China https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/115209/ MycoKeys 101: 249-273

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.101.115209

Authors: Lu Li, Hong-Zhi Du, Vinodhini Thiyagaraja, Darbhe Jayarama Bhat, Rungtiwa Phookamsak, Ratchadawan Cheewangkoon

Abstract: Freshwater fungi are highly diverse in China and frequently reported from submerged wood, freshwater insects, herbaceous substrates, sediments, leaves, foams, and living plants. In this study, we investigated two freshwater species that were collected from Yunnan and Guizhou provinces in China. Detailed morphological analysis complemented by multi-gene phylogenetic analyses based on LSU, SSU, ITS, RPB2 and TEF1-α sequences data revealed them to be two new saprobic species, namely Acrogenospora alangii sp. nov. and Conioscypha yunnanensis sp. nov. in their asexual morphs. Additionally, Acrogenospora alangii sp. nov. is reported for the first time as a freshwater ascomycete associated with the medicinal plant Alangium chinense (Alangiaceae). Detailed morphological descriptions, illustrations and updated phylogenetic relationships of the new taxa are provided herein.

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Research Article Wed, 31 Jan 2024 11:54:26 +0200
Two new species of Rhizoplaca (Lecanoraceae) from Southwest China https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/115678/ MycoKeys 101: 233-248

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.101.115678

Authors: Yanyun Zhang, Yujiao Yin, Lun Wang, Christian Printzen, Lisong Wang, Xinyu Wang

Abstract: In this study, two new species, Rhizoplaca adpressa Y. Y. Zhang & Li S. Wang and R. auriculata Y. Y. Zhang, Li S. Wang & Printzen, are described from Southwest China, based on their morphology, phylogeny and chemistry. In phylogeny, the two new species are monophyletic, and sister to each other within Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca-complex. Rhizoplaca adpressa is characterized by its placodioid and closely adnate thallus, pale green and heavily pruinose upper surface, narrow (ca. 1 mm) and white free margin on the lower surface of marginal squamules, the absence of a lower cortex, and its basally non-constricted apothecia with orange discs that turn reddish-brown at maturity. Rhizoplaca auriculata is characterized by its squamulose to placodioid thallus, yellowish green and marginally pruinose squamules, wide (1−3 mm) and bluish-black free margin on the lower surface of marginal squamules, the absence of a lower cortex, and its basally constricted apothecia with persistently orange discs. Rhizoplaca adpressa and R. auriculata share the same secondary metabolites of usnic and placodiolic acids.

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Research Article Thu, 25 Jan 2024 10:53:22 +0200
Taxonomic novelties and global biogeography of Montagnula (Ascomycota, Didymosphaeriaceae) https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/113259/ MycoKeys 101: 191-232

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.101.113259

Authors: Dhanushka N. Wanasinghe, Thilina S. Nimalrathna, Li Qin Xian, Turki Kh. Faraj, Jianchu Xu, Peter E. Mortimer

Abstract: Whilst conducting surveys of lignicolous microfungi in Yunnan Province, we collected a large number of taxa that resemble Montagnula (Didymosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales). Our phylogenetic study on Montagnula involved analysing sequence data from ribosomal RNA genes (nc18S, nc28S, ITS) and protein-coding genes (rpb2, tef1-α). We present a biphasic approach (morphological and molecular phylogenetic evidence) that supports the recognition of four new species in Montagnula viz., M. lijiangensis, M. menglaensis, M. shangrilana and M. thevetiae. The global diversity of Montagnula is also inferred from metabarcoding data and published records based on field observations. Metabarcoding data from GlobalFungi and field observations provided insights into the global diversity and distribution patterns of Montagnula. Studies conducted in Asia, Australia, Europe, and North America revealed a concentration of Montagnula species, suggesting regional variations in ecological preferences and distribution. Montagnula species were found on various substrates, with sediments yielding a high number of sequences. Poaceae emerged as a significant contributor, indicating a potential association between Montagnula species and grasses. Culture-based investigations from previously published data revealed Montagnula species associations with 105 plant genera (in 45 plant families), across 55 countries, highlighting their wide ecological range and adaptability. This study enhances our understanding of the taxonomy, distribution, and ecological preferences of Montagnula species. It emphasizes their role in the decomposition of organic matter in grasslands and savannah systems and suggests further investigation into their functional roles in ecosystem processes. The global distribution patterns and ecological interactions of Montagnula species underscore the need for continued research and conservation efforts.

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Research Article Fri, 19 Jan 2024 10:12:55 +0200
Multigene phylogeny and morphology reveal three new species of Cytospora isolated from diseased plant branches in Fengtai District, Beijing, China https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/116272/ MycoKeys 101: 163-189

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.101.116272

Authors: Aoli Jia, Baoyue Chen, Hongyan Lu, Yu Xing, Bin Li, Xinlei Fan

Abstract: Members of Cytospora include saprobes, endophytes and important plant pathogens, which are widely distributed on various wood hosts and have a wide global distribution. In this study, the species definitions were conducted, based on multigene phylogeny (ITS, act, rpb2, tef1-α and tub2 genes) and comparisons of morphological characters. A total of 22 representative isolates obtained from 21 specimens in Fengtai District of Beijing City were identified as seven species of Cytospora, including four known species (C. albodisca, C. ailanthicola, C. euonymina, C. haidianensis) and three novel species (C. fengtaiensis, C. pinea, C. sorbariae). The results provide an understanding of the taxonomy of Cytospora species associated with canker and dieback diseases in Fengtai District, Beijing, China.

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Research Article Thu, 18 Jan 2024 09:28:57 +0200
Three new species of Cortinarius section Delibuti (Cortinariaceae, Agaricales) from China https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/114705/ MycoKeys 101: 143-162

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.101.114705

Authors: Pan Long, Song-Yan Zhou, Sai-Nan Li, Fei-Fei Liu, Zuo-Hong Chen

Abstract: Three new species of Cortinarius section Delibuti, namely C. fibrillososalor, C. pseudosalor, and C. subtropicus are described as new to science based on morphological and phylogenetic evidences. Cortinarius pseudosalor is extremely morphologically similar to C. salor, but it differs from the latter by smaller coarsely verrucose basidiospores. Cortinarius fibrillososalor can be easily differentiated by its fibrillose pileus. The pileus of C. subtropicus becomes brown without lilac tint at maturity comparing with other members of section Delibuti. A combined dataset of ITS and LSU sequences was used for phylogenetic analysis. The phylogenetic reconstruction of section Delibuti revealed that these three new species clustered and formed independent lineages with full support respectively. A key to the three new species and related species of section Delibuti is provided in this work.

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Research Article Wed, 17 Jan 2024 14:07:11 +0200
Species diversity and major host/substrate associations of the genus Akanthomyces (Hypocreales, Cordycipitaceae) https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/109751/ MycoKeys 101: 113-141

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.101.109751

Authors: Yao Wang, Zhi-Qin Wang, Run Luo, Sisommay Souvanhnachit, Chinnapan Thanarut, Van-Minh Dao, Hong Yu

Abstract: Akanthomyces, a group of fungi with rich morphological and ecological diversity in Cordycipitaceae (Ascomycota, Hypocreales), has a wide distribution amongst diverse habitats. By surveying arthropod-pathogenic fungi in China and Southeast Asia over the last six years, nine Akanthomyces spp. were found and identified. Five of these were shown to represent four known species and an undetermined species of Akanthomyces. Four of these were new species and they were named A. kunmingensis and A. subaraneicola from China, A. laosensis from Laos and A. pseudonoctuidarum from Thailand. The new species were described and illustrated according to the morphological characteristics and molecular data. Akanthomyces araneogenus, which was isolated from spiders from different regions in China, Thailand and Vietnam, was described as a newly-recorded species from Thailand and Vietnam. The phylogenetic positions of the nine species were evaluated, based on phylogenetic inferences according to five loci, namely, ITS, nrLSU, TEF, RPB1 and RPB2. In this study, we reviewed the research progress achieved for Akanthomyces regarding its taxonomy, species diversity, geographic distribution and major host/substrate associations. The morphological characteristics of 35 species in Akanthomyces, including four novel species and 31 known taxa, were also compared.

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Research Article Mon, 15 Jan 2024 10:35:59 +0200
Morphological characteristics and phylogenetic evidence reveal two new species and the first report of Comoclathris (Pleosporaceae, Pleosporales) on dicotyledonous plants from China https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/113040/ MycoKeys 101: 95-112

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.101.113040

Authors: Rong Xu, Wenxin Su, Yang Wang, Shangqing Tian, Yu Li, Chayanard Phukhamsakda

Abstract: Two novel Comoclathris species were identified from dicotyledonous plants (Clematis sp. and Xanthoceras sorbifolium) in China. The results were supported by morphological characters and Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian Inference (BI) analyses. Multi-gene phylogenetic analyses of the ITS, LSU, SSU and rpb2 sequences revealed two new species Comoclathris clematidis and C. xanthoceratis, which are phylogenetically distinct. The new species are phylogenetically closely related to C. arrhenatheri. However, they are distinguishable from C. arrhenatheri by having comparatively larger asci and ascospores. This study improves our knowledge of Comoclathris as no species has been previously described from China. This suggests such taxa may be rare and it is likely that new taxa will be discovered from hosts and environments that have not yet been extensively investigated.

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Research Article Fri, 12 Jan 2024 11:20:08 +0200
Two new phyllospheric species of Colacogloea (Colacogloeaceae, Pucciniomycotina) identified in China https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/114872/ MycoKeys 101: 81-94

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.101.114872

Authors: Yun-Feng Lu, Chun-Yue Chai, Feng-Li Hui

Abstract: During our ongoing survey of basidiomycetous yeasts associated with plant leaves in virgin forest, five Colacogloea strains were isolated in the Baotianman Nature Reserve, Henan Province, central China. Phenotypes from cultures and a phylogeny based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions and the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene were employed to characterize and identify these isolates. As a result, two new species, namely Colacogloea celtidis sp. nov. and C. pararetinophila sp. nov., are introduced herein. In the phylogeny of combined ITS and LSU dataset, the new species C. celtidis sp. nov. formed a clade with the unpublished Colacogloea strain (KBP: Y-6832), and together these formed the sister group to C. armeniacae, while C. pararetinophila sp. nov. was retrieved as a sister to C. retinophila. A detailed description and illustration of both new species, as well as the differences between them and their closest relatives in the genus are provided. Results from the present study will add to our knowledge of the biodiversity of Colacogloea in China.

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Research Article Fri, 12 Jan 2024 11:10:37 +0200
Morphological and phylogenetic analyses reveal three new species of Fusarium (Hypocreales, Nectriaceae) associated with leaf blight on Cunninghamia lanceolata in China https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/113128/ MycoKeys 101: 45-80

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.101.113128

Authors: Jiao He, De-Wei Li, Wen-Li Cui, Li-Hua Zhu, Lin Huang

Abstract: Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) is a special fast-growing commercial tree species in China with high economic value. In recent years, leaf blight disease on C. lanceolata has been observed frequently. The diversity of Fusarium species associated with leaf blight on C. lanceolata in China (Fujian, Guangxi, Guizhou, and Hunan provinces) was evaluated using morphological study and molecular multi-locus analyses based on RNA polymerase second largest subunit (RPB2), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF-1α), and RNA polymerase largest subunit (RPB1) genes/region as well as the pairwise homoplasy index tests. A total of five Fusarium species belonging to four Fusarium species complexes were recognized in this study. Two known species including Fusarium concentricum and F. fujikuroi belonged to the F. fujikuroi species complex, and three new Fusarium species were described, i.e., F. fujianense belonged to the F. lateritium species complex, F. guizhouense belonged to the F. sambucinum species complex, and F. hunanense belonged to the F. solani species complex. To prove Koch’s postulates, pathogenicity tests on C. lanceolata revealed a wide variation in pathogenicity and aggressiveness among the species, of which F. hunanense HN33-8-2 caused the most severe symptoms and F. fujianense LC14 led to the least severe symptoms. To our knowledge, this study also represented the first report of F. concentricum, F. fujianense, F. fujikuroi, F. guizhouense, and F. hunanense causing leaf blight on C. lanceolata in China.

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Research Article Mon, 8 Jan 2024 09:19:36 +0200
Seven new species of Alternaria (Pleosporales, Pleosporaceae) associated with Chinese fir, based on morphological and molecular evidence https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/115370/ MycoKeys 101: 1-44

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.101.115370

Authors: Jiao He, De-Wei Li, Wen-Li Cui, Lin Huang

Abstract: Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) is a special fast-growing commercial tree species in China and has significant ecological and economic value. However, it experienced damage from leaf blight caused by pathogenic fungi of the genus Alternaria. To determine the diversity of Alternaria species associated with leaf blight of Chinese fir in China, infected leaves were collected from five major cultivation provinces (Fujian, Henan, Hunan, Jiangsu and Shandong provinces). A total of 48 fungal strains of Alternaria were obtained. Comparison of morphology and phylogenetic analyses, based on nine loci (ITS, SSU, LSU, GAPDH, RPB2, TEF1, Alt a1, endoPG and OPA10-2) of the representative isolates as well as the pairwise homoplasy index tests, revealed that the fungal strains belonged to seven undescribed taxa of Alternaria, which are described here and named as Alternaria cunninghamiicola sp. nov., A. dongshanqiaoensis sp. nov., A. hunanensis sp. nov., A. kunyuensis sp. nov., А. longqiaoensis sp. nov., A. shandongensis sp. nov. and A. xinyangensis sp. nov. In order to prove Koch’s postulates, pathogenicity tests on detached Chinese fir leaves revealed significant pathogenicity amongst these species, of which A. hunanensis is the most pathogenic to Chinese fir. This study represents the first report of A. cunninghamiicola, A. dongshanqiaoensis, A. hunanensis, A. kunyuensis, A. longqiaoensis, A. shandongensis and A. xinyangensis causing leaf blight on Chinese fir. Knowledge obtained in this study enhanced our understanding of Alternaria species causing leaf blight on Chinese fir and was crucial for the disease management and the further studies in the future.

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Research Article Fri, 5 Jan 2024 14:17:42 +0200
New nephridiophagid genera (Fungi, Chytridiomycota) in a mallow beetle and an earwig https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/111298/ MycoKeys 100: 245-260

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.100.111298

Authors: Renate Radek, Christian Wurzbacher, Jürgen F. H. Strassert

Abstract: Nephridiophagids are unicellular fungi (Chytridiomycota) that infect the Malpighian tubules of insects. Most species have been found in cockroach hosts and belong to the genus Nephridiophaga. Three additional genera have been described from beetles and an earwig. Here, we characterise morphologically and molecular phylogenetically the nephridiophagids of the European earwig Forficula auricularia and the mallow beetle Podagrica malvae. Their morphology and life cycle stages resemble those of other nephridiophagids, but their rRNA gene sequences support the existence of two additional genera. Whereas the earwig nephridiophagid (Nephridiochytrium forficulae gen. nov. et sp. nov.) forms a sister lineage of the Nephridiophaga cluster, the mallow beetle nephridiophagid (Malpighivinco podagricae gen. nov. et sp. nov.) represents the earliest divergent lineage within the nephridiophagids, being sister to all other species. Our results corroborate the hypothesis that different insect groups harbour distinct nephridiophagid lineages.

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Research Article Fri, 22 Dec 2023 18:54:48 +0200
The phylogeny and taxonomy of Upretia (Caloplacoideae, Teloschistaceae), reveal three new species from Southwestern China https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/111446/ MycoKeys 100: 233-243

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.100.111446

Authors: Lijuan Li, Yanyun Zhang, Christian Printzen, Lisong Wang, Xinyu Wang

Abstract: Several specimens of Upretia from Southwest China are morphologically and phylogenetically distinct from currently recognized species in the genus. These specimens are here accommodated within a new species, Upretia zeorina Li J. Li & Printzen. It is characterized by an areolate to squamulose thallus with brown to blackish brown upper surface, pruinose, zeorine type apothecia, black discs, narrowly bacilliform conidia, and the production of gyrophoric acid. Two other specimens of Upretia from China are distinct from currently accepted species and tentatively referred to as Upretia sp. 1 and Upretia sp. 2. A key to all known species of Upretia is also provided.

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Research Article Thu, 7 Dec 2023 12:09:56 +0200
Identification and fungicide sensitivity of Microdochium chrysopogonis (Ascomycota, Amphisphaeriaceae), a new species causing tar spot of Chrysopogon zizanioides in southern China https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/112128/ MycoKeys 100: 205-232

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.100.112128

Authors: Xiang Lu, Mengxian Mai, Wenhui Tan, Muyan Zhang, Jie Xie, Yi Lu, Xue Li Niu, Wu Zhang

Abstract: Vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides) has received extensive attention in recent years due to its diverse applications in soil and water conservation, heavy metal remediation, as well as essential oil and phenolic acids extraction. In 2019, the emergence of tar spot disease on C. zizanioides was documented in Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China. Initially, the disease manifested as black ascomata embedded within leaf tissue, either scattered or clustered on leaf surfaces. Subsequently, these ascomata became surrounded by fisheye lesions, characterised by brown, elliptical, necrotic haloes, which eventually coalesced, resulting in leaf withering. Koch’s postulates demonstrated that the fungus isolated from these lesions was the causal agent. Microscopic examination showed that the pathogen morphologically belonged to Microdochium. The phylogenetic tree inferred from the combined ITS, LSU, tub2 and rpb2 sequences revealed the three isolates including GDMCC 3.683, LNU-196 and LNU-197 to be a novel species of Microdochium. Combining the results of phylogenetic, pathogenicity and morphological analyses, we propose a new species named M. chrysopogonis as the causal agent of C. zizanioides in southern China. The optimum growth temperature for M. chrysopogonis was determined to be 30 °C. The in vitro fungicide sensitivity of M. chrysopogonis was determined using a mycelial growth assay. Four demethylation-inhibiting (DMI) fungicides, including difenoconazole, flusilazole, propiconazole and tebuconazole and one methyl benzimidazole carbamate (MBC) fungicide, carbendazim, were effective against M. chrysopogonis, with mean 50% effective concentration (EC50) values of 0.077, 0.011, 0.004, 0.024 and 0.007 μg/ml, respectively. These findings provide essential references for the precise diagnosis and effective management of M. chrysopogonis.

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Research Article Wed, 6 Dec 2023 14:43:01 +0200
Morphophylogenetic evidence reveals four new fungal species within Tetraplosphaeriaceae (Pleosporales, Ascomycota) from tropical and subtropical forest in China https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/113141/ MycoKeys 100: 171-204

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.100.113141

Authors: Xia Tang, Rajesh Jeewon, Yong-Zhong Lu, Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei, Ruvishika S. Jayawardena, Rong-Ju Xu, Jian Ma, Xue-Mei Chen, Ji-Chuan Kang

Abstract: Tetraplosphaeriaceae (Pleosporales, Ascomycota) is a family with many saprobes recorded from various hosts, especially bamboo and grasses. During a taxonomic investigation of microfungi in tropical and subtropical forest regions of Guizhou, Hainan and Yunnan provinces, China, several plant samples were collected and examined for fungi. Four newly discovered species are described based on morphology and evolutionary relationships with their allies inferred from phylogenetic analyses derived from a combined dataset of LSU, ITS, SSU, and tub2 DNA sequence data. Detailed illustrations, descriptions and taxonomic notes are provided for each species. The four new species of Tetraplosphaeriaceae reported herein are Polyplosphaeria guizhouensis, Polyplosphaeria hainanensis, Pseudotetraploa yunnanensis, and Tetraploa hainanensis. A checklist of Tetraplosphaeriaceae species with available details on their ecology is also provided.

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Research Article Wed, 6 Dec 2023 14:40:37 +0200
Exploring diversity within the genus Tulostoma (Basidiomycota, Agaricales) in the Pannonian sandy steppe: four fascinating novel species from Hungary https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/112458/ MycoKeys 100: 153-170

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.100.112458

Authors: Péter Finy, Mikael Jeppson, Dániel G. Knapp, Viktor Papp, László Albert, István Ölvedi, Károly Bóka, Dóra Varga, Gábor M. Kovács, Bálint Dima

Abstract: Steppe vegetation on sandy soil in Hungary has recently been revealed as one of the hot spots in Europe for the stalked puffballs (genus Tulostoma). In the framework of the taxonomic revision of gasteroid fungi in Hungary, four Tulostoma species are described here as new to science: T. dunense, T. hungaricum, T. sacchariolens and T. shaihuludii. The study is based on detailed macro- and micromorphological investigations (including light and scanning electron microscopy), as well as a three-locus phylogeny of nrDNA ITS, nrDNA LSU and tef1-α sequences. The ITS and LSU sequences generated from the type specimen of T. cretaceum are provided and this resolved partly the taxonomy of the difficult species complex of T. aff. cretaceum.

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Research Article Wed, 29 Nov 2023 18:17:34 +0200
Taxonomic and phylogenetic characterisations of six species of Pleosporales (in Didymosphaeriaceae, Roussoellaceae and Nigrogranaceae) from China https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/109423/ MycoKeys 100: 123-151

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.100.109423

Authors: Hongmin Hu, Minghui He, Youpeng Wu, Sihan Long, Xu Zhang, Lili Liu, Xiangchun Shen, Nalin N. Wijayawardene, Zebin Meng, Qingde Long, Jichuan Kang, Qirui Li

Abstract: Pleosporales comprise a diverse group of fungi with a global distribution and significant ecological importance. A survey on Pleosporales (in Didymosphaeriaceae, Roussoellaceae and Nigrogranaceae) in Guizhou Province, China, was conducted. Specimens were identified, based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses using a dataset composed of ITS, LSU, SSU, tef1 and rpb2 loci. Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian analyses were performed. As a result, three new species (Neokalmusia karka, Nigrograna schinifolium and N. trachycarpus) have been discovered, along with two new records for China (Roussoella neopustulans and R. doimaesalongensis) and a known species (Roussoella pseudohysterioides). Morphologically similar species and phylogenetically close taxa are compared and discussed. This study provides detailed information and descriptions of all newly-identified taxa.

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Research Article Wed, 29 Nov 2023 18:10:36 +0200
Taxonomy and evolution history of two new litter-decomposing Ciliochorella (Amphisphaeriales, Sporocadaceae) https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/108863/ MycoKeys 100: 95-121

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.100.108863

Authors: Jia-Yu Song, Hai-Xia Wu, Jin-Chen Li, Wei-Feng Ding, Cui-Ling Gong, Xiang-Yu Zeng, Nalin N. Wijayawardene, Da-Xin Yang

Abstract: The genus Ciliochorella is a group of pestalotioid fungi, which typically occurs in subtropical and tropical areas. Species from the Ciliochorella genus play important roles in the decomposition of litter. In this study, we introduce two new species (Ciliochorella chinensis sp. nov. and C. savannica sp. nov.) that were found on leaf litter collected from savanna-like vegetation in hot dry valleys of southwestern China. Phylogenetic analyses of combined LSU, ITS and tub2 sequence datasets indicated that C. chinensis and C. savannica respectively form a distinct clade within the Ciliochorella genus. The comparison of the morphological characteristics indicated that the two new species are well differentiated within this genus species. Analysis of the evolutionary history suggests that Ciliochorella originated from the Eurasian continent during the Paleogene (38 Mya). Further, we find that both new species can produce cellulase and laccase, playing a decomposer role.

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Research Article Mon, 13 Nov 2023 19:00:05 +0200
New species and new combinations in the genus Paraisaria (Hypocreales, Ophiocordycipitaceae) from the U.S.A., supported by polyphasic analysis https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/110959/ MycoKeys 100: 69-94

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.100.110959

Authors: Richard M. Tehan, Connor B. Dooley, Edward G. Barge, Kerry L. McPhail, Joseph W. Spatafora

Abstract: Molecular phylogenetic and chemical analyses, and morphological characterization of collections of North American Paraisaria specimens support the description of two new species and two new combinations for known species. P. cascadensis sp. nov. is a pathogen of Cyphoderris (Orthoptera) from the Pacific Northwest USA and P. pseudoheteropoda sp. nov. is a pathogen of cicadae (Hemiptera) from the Southeast USA. New combinations are made for Ophiocordyceps insignis and O. monticola based on morphological, ecological, and chemical study. A new cyclopeptide family proved indispensable in providing chemotaxonomic markers for resolving species in degraded herbarium specimens for which DNA sequencing is intractable. This approach enabled the critical linkage of a 142-year-old type specimen to a phylogenetic clade. The diversity of Paraisaria in North America and the utility of chemotaxonomy for the genus are discussed.

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Research Article Mon, 13 Nov 2023 19:00:03 +0200
Taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Ganoderma (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) in Costa Rica https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/106810/ MycoKeys 100: 5-47

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.100.106810

Authors: Melissa Mardones, Julieta Carranza-Velázquez, Milagro Mata-Hidalgo, Xaviera Amador-Fernández, Hector Urbina

Abstract: Ganoderma species are well recognised by their significant role in the recycling of nutrients in ecosystems and by their production of secondary metabolites of medical and biotechnological importance. Ganoderma spp. are characterised by laccate and non-laccate, woody basidiocarps, polypore hymenophores and double-walled basidiospores generally with truncate apex. Despite the importance of this genus, its taxonomy is unclear and it includes several species’ complexes with few circumscribed species and incorrect geographic distributions. The aim of this work was to provide detailed morphological descriptions together with phylogenetic analyses using ITS sequences to confirm the presence of seven species of Ganoderma in Costa Rica: G. amazonense, G. applanatum s.l., G. australe, G. curtisii, G. ecuadorense, G. oerstedii and G. parvulum. This is the first study that integrates morphological and phylogenetic data of Ganoderma from Central America and a key of the neotropical species. Besides, the distribution range of G. curtisii, previously reported from North America and G. ecuadorense from South America, is expanded to Central America.

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Research Article Mon, 13 Nov 2023 17:55:12 +0200
MycoKeys issue 100: progress and innovation to enhance rapid publication in fungal systematics https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/115344/ MycoKeys 100: 1-4

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.100.115344

Authors: H. Thorsten Lumbsch, Pier Luigi Nimis, Dominik Begerow, Pavel Stoev, Lyubomir Penev

Abstract: N/A

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Editorial Mon, 13 Nov 2023 17:55:01 +0200
New species of Hydnotrya (Ascomycota, Pezizomycetes) from southwestern China with notes on morphological characteristics of 17 species of Hydnotrya https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/106709/ MycoKeys 100: 49-67

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.100.106709

Authors: Lin Li, Shan-Ping Wan, Yun Wang, Naritsada Thongklang, Song-Ming Tang, Zong-Long Luo, Shu-Hong Li

Abstract: More specimens of Hydnotrya have been collected from southwestern China in recent years. Morphological and molecular analyses showed that they belonged to three species of Hydnotrya, of which two are new to science, H. oblongispora and H. zayuensis. The third one was H. laojunshanensis, previously reported in 2013. The new species are described, and their relationship to other species of Hydnotrya is discussed. H. laojunshanensis is re-described in more detail. The main morphological characters of 17 species of Hydnotrya are compared and a key to them is provided as well.

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Research Article Mon, 13 Nov 2023 10:27:16 +0200
Four new endophytic species of Diaporthe (Diaporthaceae, Diaporthales) isolated from Cameroon https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/110043/ MycoKeys 99: 319-362

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.99.110043

Authors: Christopher Lambert, Lena Schweizer, Blondelle Matio Kemkuignou, Elodie Gisèle M. Anoumedem, Simeon F. Kouam, Yasmina Marin-Felix

Abstract: The genus Diaporthe (Diaporthaceae, Diaporthales) is a large group of fungi frequently reported as phytopathogens, with ubiquitous distribution across the globe. Diaporthe have traditionally been characterized by the morphology of their ana- and teleomorphic state, revealing a high degree of heterogeneity as soon as DNA sequencing was utilized across the different members of the group. Their relevance for biotechnology and agriculture attracts the attention of taxonomists and natural product chemists alike in context of plant protection and exploitation for their potential to produce bioactive secondary metabolites. While more than 1000 species are described to date, Africa, as a natural habitat, has so far been under-sampled. Several endophytic fungi belonging to Diaporthe were isolated from different plant hosts in Cameroon over the course of this study. Phylogenetic analyses based on DNA sequence data of the internal transcribed spacer region and intervening 5.8S nrRNA gene, and partial fragments of the calmodulin, beta-tubulin, histone and the translation elongation factor 1-α genes, demonstrated that these isolates represent four new species, i.e. D. brideliae, D. cameroonensis, D. pseudoanacardii and D. rauvolfiae. Moreover, the description of D. isoberliniae is here emended, now incorporating the morphology of beta and gamma conidia produced by two of our endophytic isolates, which had never been documented in previous records. Moreover, the paraphyletic nature of the genus is discussed and suggestions are made for future revision of the genus.

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Research Article Mon, 23 Oct 2023 18:19:57 +0300
Morphological and phylogenetic analyses reveal three new species of Apiospora in China https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/108384/ MycoKeys 99: 297-317

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.99.108384

Authors: Shuji Li, Cheng Peng, Rong Yuan, Chengming Tian

Abstract: Species of Apiospora are distributed worldwide as endophytes, pathogens and saprobes. In this study, we analysed Apiospora strains isolated from diseased leaves in Yunnan Province and dead culms in Shaanxi Province, China and we identified fungal species based on multi-locus phylogeny of ITS, LSU, tef1 and tub2 genes, along with the morphological characters, host and ecological distribution. Analyses revealed three new species, namely A. coryli sp. nov., A. lophatheri sp. nov. and A. oenotherae sp. nov. and one known species A. arundinis. Illustrations and descriptions of the four taxa are provided, along with comparisons with closely-related taxa in the genus.

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Research Article Fri, 20 Oct 2023 18:44:57 +0300
Morphology, phylogeny and host specificity of two new Ophiocordyceps species belonging to the “zombie-ant fungi” clade (Ophiocordycipitaceae, Hypocreales) https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/107565/ MycoKeys 99: 269-296

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.99.107565

Authors: Dexiang Tang, Jing Zhao, Yingling Lu, Zhiqin Wang, Tao Sun, Zuoheng Liu, Hong Yu

Abstract: Species of the genus Ophiocordyceps, which include species able to manipulate the behaviour of ants, are known as the “zombie-ant fungi” and have attracted much attention over the last decade. They are widespread within tropical, subtropical and even temperate forests worldwide, with relatively few reports from subtropical monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest. Fungal specimens have been collected from China, occurring on ants and producing hirsutella-like anamorphs. Based on a combination of morphological characters, phylogenetic analyses (LSU, SSU, TEF1a, RPB1 and RPB2) and ecological data, two new species, Ophiocordyceps tortuosa and O. ansiformis, are identified and proposed herein. Ophiocordyceps tortuosa and O. ansiformis are recorded on the same species of Colobopsis ant, based on phylogenetic analyses (COI), which may be sharing the same host. Ophiocordyceps tortuosa and O. ansiformis share the morphological character of producing lanceolate ascospores. They have typical characteristics distinguished from other species. The ascospore of O. tortuosa are tortuously arranged in the ascus and the ascospore of O. ansiformis have a structure like a handle-shape in the middle. Our molecular data also indicate that O. tortuosa and O. ansiformis are clearly distinct from other species.

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Research Article Mon, 16 Oct 2023 18:22:52 +0300
Three new species of Trimmatothelopsis (Acarosporales, Acarosporaceae) from southwestern North America https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/102965/ MycoKeys 99: 251-268

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.99.102965

Authors: Kerry Knudsen, Jana Kocourková, Eva Hodková, Jason Dart, Alejandro Huereca, Jiří Malíček

Abstract: The discovery and study of three new species of Trimmatothelopsis from Southwestern North America, T. californica, T. mexicana, and T. novomexicana, adds not only to the diversity of the genus and family but generated new insights into the occurrence of two ascus types in the genus and the variety of conidiogenous cells and conidia. Trimmatothelopsis now includes 15 species with a mainly Holarctic distribution (Asia, Europe, North America) and one species in Australia. A key is supplied to the genus. An overview of the genus Trimmatothelopsis is given, including differentiation from other genera of Acarosporaceae. The monotypic genus Thelocarpella is considered to be a synonym of Trimmatothelopsis. The new combination Trimmatothelopsis wirthii is proposed. The ascus type is shown to be variable in the genus with species with two types being intermixed with each other in our phylogeny.

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Research Article Thu, 12 Oct 2023 16:20:42 +0300
Phylogeny and species delimitations in the economically, medically, and ecologically important genus Samsoniella (Cordycipitaceae, Hypocreales) https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/106474/ MycoKeys 99: 227-250

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.99.106474

Authors: Yao Wang, Zhi-Qin Wang, Chinnapan Thanarut, Van-Minh Dao, Yuan-Bing Wang, Hong Yu

Abstract: Samsoniella is a ubiquitous genus of cosmopolitan arthropod-pathogenic fungi in the family Cordycipitaceae. The fungi have economic, medicinal, and ecological importance. Prior taxonomic studies of these fungi relied predominantly on phylogenetic inferences from five loci, namely, the nuclear ribosomal small and large subunits (nr SSU and nr LSU), the 3’ portion of translation elongation factor 1 alpha (3P_TEF), and RNA polymerase II subunits 1 and 2 (RPB1 and RPB2). Despite many new species being described, not all of the recognized species inside this group formed well-supported clades. Thus, the search for new markers appropriate for molecular phylogenetic analysis of Samsoniella remains a challenging problem. In our study, we selected the internal transcribed spacer regions of the rDNA (ITS rDNA) and seven gene regions, namely, 3P_TEF, the 5’ portion of translation elongation factor 1 alpha (5P_TEF), RPB1, RPB2, γ-actin (ACT), β-tubulin (TUB), and a gene encoding a minichromosome maintenance protein (MCM7), as candidate markers for species identification. Genetic divergence comparisons showed that the ITS, RPB2, ACT, and TUB sequences provided little valuable information with which to separate Samsoniella spp. In contrast, sequence data for 3P_TEF, 5P_TEF, RPB1, and MCM7 provided good resolution of Samsoniella species. The phylogenetic tree inferred from combined data (5P_TEF + 3P_TEF + RPB1 + MCM7) showed well-supported clades for Samsoniella and allowed for the delimitation of 26 species in this genus. The other two species (S. formicae and S. lepidopterorum) were not evaluated, as they had abundant missing data.

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Research Article Tue, 3 Oct 2023 20:42:19 +0300
Two new species of Samsoniella (Cordycipitaceae, Hypocreales) from the Mayao River Valley, Guizhou, China https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/109961/ MycoKeys 99: 209-226

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.99.109961

Authors: Wan-Hao Chen, Jian-Dong Liang, Xiu-Xiu Ren, Jie-Hong Zhao, Yan-Feng Han

Abstract: Samsoniella species have been often found in the forest habitat and rarely found in special karst eco-environments, such as Tiankeng, valleys and caves. In this research, eleven cordyceps specimens were collected from Mayao River Valley. A known species (S. haniana) and two new species (S. duyunensis and S. vallis) were established and described according to a multilocus phylogenetic analysis and morphological characteristics. Our results provide insight that the richness of Samsoniella species in karst eco-environments and further attention should be paid to entomopathogenic fungi in such habitats.

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Research Article Fri, 15 Sep 2023 13:50:07 +0300
Two new Trichoderma species (Hypocreales, Hypocreaceae) isolated from decaying tubers of Gastrodia elate https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/109404/ MycoKeys 99: 187-207

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.99.109404

Authors: Chuwen Ye, Tingting Jing, Yuru Sha, Minghe Mo, Zefen Yu

Abstract: Species of Trichoderma are widely distributed around the world. In this study, two new species in Trichoderma, named as T. albidum and T. variegatum, were introduced and illustrated. These species were isolated from diseased tubers of Gastrodia elata in China and identified based on morphological characteristics and multi-gene sequence analyses of three loci that is the internal transcribed spacer regions of the ribosomal DNA (ITS), the translation elongation factor 1-α encoding gene (tef1-α) and the gene encoding the second largest nuclear RNA polymerase subunit (rpb2). Distinctions between the new species and their close relatives were discussed. According to results of the phylogenetic analyses, T. albidum belonged to the Harzianum clade and T. variegatum are grouped with species of the Spirale clade. The expansion of two clades provided research foundations for the prevention and control of tuber diseases in G. elata.

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Research Article Fri, 8 Sep 2023 08:30:42 +0300
New species of Mallocybe (Agaricales, Inocybaceae) from Pakistan, based on morphological and molecular evidence https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/86844/ MycoKeys 99: 171-186

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.99.86844

Authors: Malka Saba, Abdul Nasir Khalid, Samina Sarwar

Abstract: Within the family Inocybaceae, many species of Mallocybe have been reported, but there are only a few reports of this genus from Pakistan. In this study, six collections of Mallocybe were studied by morphological and phylogenetic methods. Phylogenetic analyses, based on sequence data from two different loci (ITS and LSU) using Maximum Likelihood and Maximum Parsimony methods, have been performed to infer species relationships within Mallocybe. Results indicated that these six collections encompass two new species of Mallocybe i.e. M. pakistanica and M. pinicola, from Pakistan. Their detailed morphological descriptions and illustrations are also provided. In addition, comparison with morphologically closely-related taxa is also discussed. Previously, only two species of this genus have been recorded from Pakistan and, with this addition, the total number of reported taxa of Mallocybe has been raised to four from Pakistan. A key to the described taxa of Mallocybe from Pakistan is also provided.

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Research Article Thu, 7 Sep 2023 17:15:52 +0300
Three coralloid species of the genus Trechispora (Trechisporales, Basidiomycota) in China: two newly discovered taxa and one reported for the first time https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/109375/ MycoKeys 99: 153-170

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.99.109375

Authors: Peng-Tao Deng, Jun Yan, Xiang-Fen Liu, Zheng-Mi He, Yuan Lin, Ming-Xin Lu, Ping Zhang

Abstract: Two new species of Trechispora indigenous to southern China, T. laxa and T. tongdaoensis, are described and illustrated, and the first record of T. khokpasiensis in China is reported. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of the concatenated nuclear rDNA ITS1–5.8S–ITS2 and nuclear large subunit sequences supported the inclusion of the three species within the Trechispora clade, together with species formerly classified in Scytinopogon. The new species are similar in micromorphology to species of Trechispora (as traditionally circumscribed) but are distinguished by having coralloid basidiomata. A key to the known coralloid Trechispora species in China is provided.

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Research Article Thu, 7 Sep 2023 12:40:21 +0300
Two new species of Colletotrichum (Glomerellaceae, Glomerellales) causing walnut anthracnose in Beijing https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/106812/ MycoKeys 99: 131-152

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.99.106812

Authors: Lin Zhang, Yue-Qi Yin, Li-Li Zhao, Yu-Qing Xie, Jing Han, Ying Zhang

Abstract: Colletotrichum species are plant pathogens, saprobes and endophytes on various plant hosts. It is regarded as one of the 10 most important genera of plant pathogens in the world. Walnut anthracnose is one of the most severe diseases affecting walnut productivity and quality in China. In this study, 162 isolates were obtained from 30 fruits and 65 leaf samples of walnut collected in Beijing, China. Based on morphological characteristics and DNA sequence analyses of the concatenated loci, namely internal transcribed spacer (ITS), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), actin (ACT), chitin synthase 1 (CHS-1) and beta-tubulin (TUB2), these isolates were identified as two novel species of Colletotrichum, i.e. C. juglandicola and C. peakense. Koch’s postulates indicated that both C. juglandicola and C. peakense could cause anthracnose in walnut.

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Research Article Thu, 7 Sep 2023 10:59:45 +0300
Additions to Hohenbuehelia (Basidiomycota, Pleurotaceae): two new species and notes on H. tristis from northern Thailand https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/105317/ MycoKeys 99: 109-130

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.99.105317

Authors: Monthien Phonemany, Santhiti Vadthanarat, Bhavesh Raghoonundon, Naritsada Thongklang, Olivier Raspé

Abstract: Two new species and a first geographical record of Hohenbuehelia are described from Thailand. Macroscopic and microscopic descriptions with photoplates, as well as a multigene phylogeny are provided. Hohenbuehelia flabelliformis sp. nov. is recognised by large flabelliform basidiomata, densely villose yellowish-white pileus with white hairs near the point of attachment, basidiospores that mostly are ellipsoid in front view and phaseoliform in side view, the absence of cheilocystidia, and a trichoderm pileipellis. Hohenbuehelia lageniformis sp. nov. is characterised by fleshy basidiomata, velutinous pileus with whitish hairs near the point of attachment and the margin, elsewhere pale greyish-yellow and with only sparse white hairs, pale brown to light brown and mucilaginous context, subglobose basidiospores, lageniform cheilocystidia, an ixotrichoderm pileipellis, and the absence of pileoleptocystidia. Hohenbuehelia tristis is characterised by small creamy-white, spathuliform basidiomata that are larger than the type subspecies, minutely pubescent pileus with tiny greyish hairs that disappear when mature, leaving the surface glutinous, faintly translucent and shiny, ellipsoid to sub-ellipsoid basidiospores, lecythiform to sublageniform cheilocystidia, and an ixotrichoderm pileipellis. Hohenbuehelia tristis is recorded for Thailand for the first time. Based on the polymorphism observed in part of the nrLSU gene, the presence of two divergent lineages within H. tristis is discussed.

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Research Article Mon, 21 Aug 2023 09:41:22 +0300
Morphological and phylogenetic analyses reveal three new species and one new record of Tubeufia (Tubeufiales, Tubeufiaceae) from southern China https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/107606/ MycoKeys 99: 87-108

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.99.107606

Authors: Jian Ma, Li-Juan Zhang, Saranyaphat Boonmee, Xing-Juan Xiao, Ning-Guo Liu, Yuan-Pin Xiao, Zong-Long Luo, Yong-Zhong Lu

Abstract: During an investigation of helicosporous fungi in China, a total of seven helicosporous hyphomycetes were obtained from decaying wood in the southern region of the country. Based on phylogenetic analyses using a combined LSU, ITS, tef1α, and rpb2 sequence matrix, in conjunction with morphological comparisons, these taxa were classified within Tubeufia (Tubeufiaceae, Tubeufiales) and were recognized as three new species, viz. Tubeufia guttulata, T. hainanensis, and T. muriformis, as well as one new distribution record, viz. T. cocois. Evidence for these new taxa and the new record, descriptions, illustrations, notes, and phylogenetic evidence are provided for the newly collected helicosporous species.

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Research Article Mon, 14 Aug 2023 17:50:32 +0300
A new genus Neobelonopsis and two new species of Trichobelonium (Helotiales, Ascomycota) discovered mainly from poaceous grasses native to Asia in Japan https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/90117/ MycoKeys 99: 45-85

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.99.90117

Authors: Hiyori Itagaki, Tsuyoshi Hosoya

Abstract: Mollisioid fungi, represented by Mollisia (Fr.) P. Karst., are characterized by soft, sessile apothecia with globose, dark-celled excipula, hyaline ascospores, and worldwide distribution in temperate regions. Their generic and species delimitation is difficult due to the lack of distinct features, and studies based on DNA sequences are urgently required. Two genera of mollisioid fungi, Belonopsis and Trichobelonium, comprise relatively few species and are recognized by (0–)1–3-septate ascospores, medullary excipulum composed of loosely interwoven hyphae, and calcium oxalate crystals in the excipulum. Specimens of undescribed species that are morphologically assignable to Belonopsis or Trichobelonium were collected from various sites in Japan and their assignment to the proper genera was attempted. According to a molecular phylogenetic analysis involving members of Mollisiaceae based on concatenated sequences of ITS, LSU, and RPB1, eight taxonomic entities were placed in a strongly supported single clade with Mollisia diesbachiana, separated from the type species of Belonopsis, B. excelsior. A new genus Neobelonopsis was thus proposed to accommodate the undescribed species. In this study, eight new species of Neobelonopsis and two new species of Trichobelonium were described. A new combination was also proposed for M. diesbachiana. The generic distinction of Neobelonopsis and Trichobelonium was supported by molecular analysis. Some additional characteristics to delimit Trichobelonium were identified, such as the presence of anchoring hyphae between the base of the apothecium and subiculum, and the production of abundant crystals and soluble pigments on the colonies. Derivative species of Neobelonopsis were found to have multi-septa in ascospores.

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Research Article Mon, 14 Aug 2023 17:49:26 +0300
Two novel species and three new records of Torulaceae from Yunnan Province, China https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/106699/ MycoKeys 99: 1-24

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.99.106699

Authors: Wen-Peng Wang, Hong-Wei Shen, Dan-Feng Bao, Yong-Zhong Lu, Qiu-Xia Yang, Xi-Jun Su, Zong-Long Luo

Abstract: While investigating the diversity of lignicolous fungi in Yunnan Province, China, six fresh collections of Torulaceae were collected and identified based on morphological examination and phylogenetic analyses of combined LSU, ITS, SSU, tef1-α, and rpb2 sequence data. Two new species, viz. Neopodoconis yunnanensis and Torula suae, and three new records, viz. T. canangae (new freshwater habitat record), T. masonii (new host record), and T. sundara (new freshwater habitat record) are reported. Detailed descriptions, illustrations, and a phylogenetic tree to show the placement of these species are provided.

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Research Article Mon, 7 Aug 2023 15:55:26 +0300
Phylogeny, morphology and chemistry reveal two new multispored species in the Lecanora subfusca group (Lecanoraceae, Ascomycota) https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/108462/ MycoKeys 99: 25-43

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.99.108462

Authors: Lijuan Li, Yanyun Zhang, Christian Printzen

Abstract: Two new multispored species from China, Lecanora anhuiensis Li J. Li & Printzen, sp. nov. and Lecanora pseudojaponica Li J. Li & Printzen, sp. nov. are described and illustrated here, based on morphological, chemical and molecular evidence. Lecanora anhuiensis is characterised by an epruinose, yellowish-brown to deep brown apothecial disc, an epihymenium with fine crystals, an amphithecium with small crystals, 16-spored asci and the presence of zeorin, in addition to atranorin. Lecanora pseudojaponica is characterised by an epruinose, red-brown apothecial disc, an epihymenium without crystals, an amphithecium with small crystals, 8 or 16- spored asci and the presence of zeorin and the stictic acid complex, in addition to atranorin. Phylogenetic reconstructions, based on mtSSU, nrITS and nrLSU suggest that these two species are members of the Lecanora subfusca group. They are compared with morphologically similar and phylogenetically related species, based on a nrITS dataset. Phylogenetic results show that the multispored taxa of Lecanora are polyphyletic. The number of ascospores per ascus appears to be a taxonomic character of minor importance. Detailed descriptions, discussions and figures for the two new species from China and a key for the multispored species of Lecanora worldwide are provided.

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Research Article Mon, 7 Aug 2023 13:35:14 +0300
Roccellinastrum, Cenozosia and Heterodermia: Ecology and phylogeny of fog lichens and their photobionts from the coastal Atacama Desert https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/107764/ MycoKeys 98: 317-348

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.98.107764

Authors: Patrick Jung, Lina Werner, Laura Briegel-Williams, Dina Emrich, Michael Lakatos

Abstract: Some deserts on Earth such as the Namib or the Atacama are influenced by fog which can lead to the formation of local fog oases - unique environments hosting a great diversity of specialized plants and lichens. Lichens of the genera Ramalina, Niebla or Heterodermia have taxonomically been investigated from fog oases around the globe but not from the Atacama Desert, one of the oldest and driest deserts. Conditioned by its topography and the presence of orographic fog, the National Park Pan de Azúcar in the Atacama Desert is considered to be such a lichen hotspot. Applying multi-gen loci involving phylogenetic analyses combined with intense morphological and chemical characterization, we determined the taxonomic position of five of the most abundant epiphytic lichens of this area. We evaluated Roccellinastrum spongoideum and Heterodermia follmannii which were both described from the area but also finally showed that the genus Cenozosia is the endemic sister genus to Ramalina, Vermilacinia, Namibialina and Niebla. As a result, we have described the species Heterodermia adunca, C. cava and C. excorticata as new lichen species. This work provides a comprehensive dataset for common fog lichen genera of the Coastal Range of the Atacama Desert that can be used as a baseline for monitoring programs and environmental health assessments.

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Research Article Tue, 1 Aug 2023 15:08:35 +0300
Study on species diversity of Akanthomyces (Cordycipitaceae, Hypocreales) in the Jinyun Mountains, Chongqing, China https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/106415/ MycoKeys 98: 299-315

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.98.106415

Authors: Wan-Hao Chen, Jian-Dong Liang, Xiu-Xiu Ren, Jie-Hong Zhao, Yan-Feng Han

Abstract: Akanthomyces species have only been reported from Guizhou and Qinghai Province, with few reports from other regions in China. In this research, the species diversity of Akanthomyces in the Jinyun Mountains, Chongqing was investigated. Fourteen infected spider specimens were collected and two new species (A. bashanensis and A. beibeiensis) and a known species (A. tiankengensis) were established and described according to a multi-locus phylogenetic analysis and the morphological characteristics. Our results reveal abundant Akanthomyces specimens and three species were found at Jinyun Mountain. Due to its being an important kind of entomopathogenic fungi, further attention needs to be paid to the diversity of other entomopathogenic fungi in Chongqing, China.

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Research Article Fri, 28 Jul 2023 17:50:24 +0300
Pleomorphic Dematiomelanomma yunnanense gen. et sp. nov. (Ascomycota, Melanommataceae) from grassland vegetation in Yunnan, China https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/107093/ MycoKeys 98: 273-297

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.98.107093

Authors: Ying Gao, Tingfang Zhong, Jayarama D. Bhat, Antonio Roberto Gomes de Farias, Turki M. Dawoud, Kevin D. Hyde, Weiqiang Xiong, Yunju Li, Heng Gui, Xuefei Yang, Shixi Wu, Dhanushka N. Wanasinghe

Abstract: During a survey of microfungi associated with grasslands and related vegetation types from Yunnan Province in China, various ascomycetous and coelomycetous fungi were isolated. This study reports the discovery of four strains of ascomycetous and coelomycetous fungi from dead stalks of Hypericum monogynum L. (Hypericaceae) and Rubus parvifolius L. (Rosaceae) in the Zhaotong region of Yunnan Province, China. The isolates were characterized using multi-locus phylogenetic analyses and were found to represent a new monophyletic lineage in Melanommataceae (Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes). This new clade was named as Dematiomelanomma yunnanense gen. et sp. nov. which consists of both sexual and asexual morphs. The sexual morph is characterized by globose to subglobose ascomata with a central ostiole, cylindrical asci with a pedicel and ocular chamber, and muriform, ellipsoidal to fusiform ascospores. The asexual morph has synanamorphs including both brown, muriform macroconidia and hyaline, round to oblong or ellipsoidal microconidia. These findings contribute to the understanding of fungal diversity in grasslands and related vegetation types in Yunnan Province, China.

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Research Article Tue, 25 Jul 2023 11:57:13 +0300
Introduction of two novel species of Hymenopellis (Agaricales, Physalacriaceae) from Thailand https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/104517/ MycoKeys 98: 253-271

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.98.104517

Authors: Allen Grace T. Niego, Naritsada Thongklang, Kevin D. Hyde, Olivier Raspé

Abstract: Hymenopellis is the most diverse genus in the group of oudemansielloid/xeruloid taxa (Physalacriaceae). This genus has a worldwide distribution with records mostly from Europe and America. Asian taxa are least represented. In this paper on Hymenopellis from Thailand, two novel species are introduced, and a Hymenopellis collection affine to H. orientalis is described. Macro and micromorphological characters are described. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses were performed on combined ITS and nrLSU regions to confirm taxonomical placement and infer the phylogenetic affinities of the studied species. Hymenopellis straminea sp. nov. is straw-yellow, with medium-sized basidiomata, abundant and diverse in form cheilocystidia, few, narrowly lageniform to fusiform pleurocystidia, and clamp connections at the lower part of the stipe. Hymenopellis utriformis sp. nov. has mostly utriform pleurocystidia and 2-spored basidia. In the inferred phylogenies, the new species from this study formed distinct clades well supported by bootstrap proportions and posterior probabilities. The studied specimen affine to H. orientalis produced 2-spored basidia whereas published descriptions of other specimens mention 4-spored basidia. Moreover, the genetic distance between ITS sequences of this specimen and that of a Hymenopellis orientalis specimen from GenBank was 1.30–2.57%. Therefore, the conspecificity of our specimen with H. orientalis is uncertain, and additional specimens are needed to fully confirm its identity.

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Research Article Mon, 24 Jul 2023 10:24:00 +0300
Outline, phylogenetic and divergence times analyses of the genus Haploporus (Polyporales, Basidiomycota): two new species are proposed https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/105684/ MycoKeys 98: 233-252

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.98.105684

Authors: Heng Zhao, Josef Vlasák, Yuan Yuan

Abstract: Haploporus species have a worldwide distribution and 27 species have been accepted. In this study, two new species, Haploporus crystallinus and H. dextrinoideus, are proposed from South America, based on the molecular fragments (ITS, LSU and mtSSU) and morphological evidence. Molecular clock analysis was performed and the result suggests that the ancestor of Polyporales originated between the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous period, with a mean stem of 159.8 Mya [95% higher posterior density (HPD) of 142.4–184.1 Mya] and the genus Haploporus occurred at a mean stem of 108.3 Mya (95% HPD of 88.5–128.2 Mya). In addition, most species of the genus are diversified between 60.5 Mya and 1.8 Mya, during the Paleogene to Neogene. A key to the accepted species of the genus Haploporus is provided.

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Research Article Mon, 24 Jul 2023 10:20:20 +0300
Morphological and phylogenetic analyses reveal two new species in Conidiobolus s.s. (Conidiobolaceae, Entomophthorales) from China https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/103603/ MycoKeys 98: 221-232

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.98.103603

Authors: Yong Nie, Yue Cai, Heng Zhao, ZhengYu Zhou, ChangWei Zhao, XiaoYong Liu, Bo Huang

Abstract: The genus Conidiobolus s.s. (Conidiobolaceae, Entomophthorales) has been delimited to accommodate members that produce microspores. Herein, morphological studies, combined with phylogenetic analysis based on the nuclear large subunit of rDNA (nucLSU), the mitochondrial small subunit of rDNA (mtSSU), and the elongation-factor-like gene (EFL) revealed two Conidiobolus s.s. species isolated from plant debris in China. Conidiobolus longiconidiophorus sp. nov. is mainly characterised by its long primary conidiophores, while Conidiobolus polysporus sp. nov. is diagnosed by 2–3 primary conidia arising from branched primary conidiophores. Phylogenetically, the former is grouped into a separate clade, while the latter is closely related to C. incongruus, but is morphologically distinguished by its larger primary conidia and branched conidiophores.

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Research Article Wed, 5 Jul 2023 11:17:48 +0300
Culturable fungi from urban soils in China II, with the description of 18 novel species in Ascomycota (Dothideomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Leotiomycetes and Sordariomycetes) https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/102816/ MycoKeys 98: 167-220

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.98.102816

Authors: Zhi-Yuan Zhang, Xin Li, Wan-Hao Chen, Jian-Dong Liang, Yan-Feng Han

Abstract: As China’s urbanisation continues to advance, more people are choosing to live in cities. However, this trend has a significant impact on the natural ecosystem. For instance, the accumulation of keratin-rich substrates in urban habitats has led to an increase in keratinophilic microbes. Despite this, there is still a limited amount of research on the prevalence of keratinophilic fungi in urban areas. Fortunately, our group has conducted in-depth investigations into this topic since 2015. Through our research, we have discovered a significant amount of keratinophilic fungi in soil samples collected from various urban areas in China. In this study, we have identified and characterised 18 new species through the integration of morphological and phylogenetic analyses. These findings reveal the presence of numerous unexplored fungal taxa in urban habitats, emphasising the need for further taxonomic research in urban China.

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Research Article Thu, 29 Jun 2023 18:29:46 +0300
The phylogeny and taxonomy of Glypholecia (Acarosporaceae, lichenized Ascomycota), including a new species from northwestern China https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/104314/ MycoKeys 98: 153-165

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.98.104314

Authors: An-cheng Yin, Qiu-yi Zhong, Christoph Scheidegger, Ji-zhen Jin, Fiona R. Worthy, Li-song Wang, Xin-yu Wang

Abstract: Glypholecia qinghaiensis An C. Yin, Q. Y. Zhong & Li S. Wang is described as new to science. It is characterized by its squamulose thallus, compound apothecia, ellipsoid ascospores, and the presence of rhizines on the lower surface of the thallus. A phylogenetic tree of Glypholecia species was constructed based on nrITS and mtSSU sequences. Two species G. qinghaiensis and G. scabra are confirmed in China.

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Research Article Wed, 21 Jun 2023 10:12:07 +0300
Species diversity and taxonomy of Scytinostroma sensu stricto (Russulales, Basidiomycota) with descriptions of four new species from China https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/105632/ MycoKeys 98: 133-152

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.98.105632

Authors: Yue Li, Wei-Qi Xu, Shi-Liang Liu, Ning Yang, Shuang-Hui He

Abstract: Scytinostroma is species-rich genus in Peniophoraceae, Russulales and has been shown to be polyphyletic. In this study, we performed phylogenetic analyses on the core clade of Scytinostroma based on concatenated ITS1-5.8S-ITS2-nrLSU sequence data. Fifteen lineages including four new species from China, Scytinostroma beijingensis, S. boidinii, S. subduriusculum, and S. subrenisporum, were recognized. The genus Michenera was nested within the Scytinostroma s.s. clade in the phylogenetic tree of Peniophoraceae. Sequences of S. portentosum (type species) and S. hemidichophyticum from Europe formed a strongly supported lineage sister to the S. portentosum sample from Canada. It is supposed that the European “S. portentosum” is S. hemidichophyticum, and the former species is restricted in distribution to North America. Scytinostroma duriusculum is supposed to be a species complex. Samples from Sri Lanka (the type locality) formed a lineage sister to those from China, Thailand and Vietnam (described herein as S. subduriusculum) and two samples from France that might represent an undescribed species. The four new species are described and illustrated, and an identification key to all the 14 Scytinostroma s.s. species worldwide is provided. Until now, seven species of Scytinostroma s.s. have been found in China. Our results increased the knowledge of species diversity and taxonomy of corticioid fungi in China.

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Research Article Tue, 13 Jun 2023 09:56:24 +0300
Morphological and phylogenetic characterisation of two new soil-borne fungal taxa belonging to Clavicipitaceae (Hypocreales, Ascomycota) https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/106240/ MycoKeys 98: 113-132

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.98.106240

Authors: Zhi-Yuan Zhang, Yao Feng, Shuo-Qiu Tong, Chen-Yu Ding, Gang Tao, Yan-Feng Han

Abstract: The fungal taxa belonging to the Clavicipitaceae (Hypocreales, Ascomycota) are widely distributed and include diverse saprophytic, symbiotic and pathogenic species that are associated with soils, insects, plants, fungi and invertebrates. In this study, we identified two new fungal taxa belonging to the family Clavicipitaceae that were isolated from soils collected in China. Morphological characterisation and phylogenetic analyses showed that the two species belong to Pochonia (Pochonia sinensis sp. nov.) and a new genus for which we propose Paraneoaraneomyces gen. nov. in Clavicipitaceae.

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Research Article Wed, 7 Jun 2023 10:12:26 +0300
Diversity of Cladosporium (Cladosporiales, Cladosporiaceae) species in marine environments and report on five new species https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/101918/ MycoKeys 98: 87-111

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.98.101918

Authors: Wonjun Lee, Ji Seon Kim, Chang Wan Seo, Jun Won Lee, Sung Hyun Kim, Yoonhee Cho, Young Woon Lim

Abstract: Cladosporium species are cosmopolitan fungi, characterized by olivaceous or dark colonies with coronate conidiogenous loci and conidial hila with a central convex dome surrounded by a raised periclinal rim. Cladosporium species have also been discovered in marine environments. Although many studies have been performed on the application of marine originated Cladosporium species, taxonomic studies on these species are scarce. We isolated Cladosporium species from three under-studied habitats (sediment, seawater, and seaweed) in two districts including an intertidal zone in the Republic of Korea and the open sea in the Western Pacific Ocean. Based on multigenetic marker analyses (for the internal transcribed spacer, actin, and translation elongation factor 1), we identified fourteen species, of which five were found to represent new species. These five species were C. lagenariiforme sp. nov., C. maltirimosum sp. nov., C. marinum sp. nov. in the C. cladosporioides species complex, C. snafimbriatum sp. nov. in the C. herbarum species complex, and C. marinisedimentum sp. nov. in the C. sphaerospermum species complex. Morphological characteristics of the new species and aspects of differences with the already known species are described herein together with molecular data.

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Research Article Fri, 2 Jun 2023 16:13:54 +0300
Studies of Diaporthe (Diaporthaceae, Diaporthales) species associated with plant cankers in Beijing, China, with three new species described https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/104156/ MycoKeys 98: 59-86

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.98.104156

Authors: Yukun Bai, Lu Lin, Meng Pan, Xinlei Fan

Abstract: The genus Diaporthe (Diaporthaceae, Diaporthales) comprises endophytes, pathogens and saprophytes, inhabiting a wide range of woody hosts and resulting in serious canker disease. To determine the diversity of Diaporthe species associated with canker disease of host plants in Beijing, China, a total of 35 representative strains were isolated from 18 host genera. Three novel species (D. changpingensis, D. diospyrina and D. ulmina) and four known species (D. corylicola, D. donglingensis, D. eres and D. rostrata) were identified, based on morphological comparison and phylogenetic analyses using partial ITS, cal, his3, tef1-α and tub2 loci. These results provide an understanding of the taxonomy of Diaporthe species associated with canker diseases in Beijing, China.

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Research Article Mon, 29 May 2023 17:57:22 +0300
Identification and pathogenicity of Aurifilum species (Cryphonectriaceae, Diaporthales) on Terminalia species in Southern China https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/104719/ MycoKeys 98: 37-58

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.98.104719

Authors: Wen Wang, ShuaiFei Chen

Abstract: The family of Cryphonectriaceae (Diaporthales) contains many important tree pathogens and the hosts are wide-ranging. Tree species of Terminalia were widely planted as ornamental trees alongside city roads and villages in southern China. Recently, stem canker and cracked bark were observed on 2–6 year old Terminalia neotaliala and T. mantaly in several nurseries in Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province, China. Typical conidiomata of Cryphonectriaceae fungi were observed on the surface of the diseased tissue. In this study, we used DNA sequence data (ITS, BT2/BT1, TEF-1α, rpb2) and morphological characteristics to identify the strains from Terminalia trees. Our results showed that isolates obtained in this study represent two species of Aurifilum, one previously described species, A. terminali, and an unknown species, which we described as A. cerciana sp. nov. Pathogenicity tests demonstrated that both A. terminali and A. cerciana were able to infect T. neotaliala and two tested Eucalyptus clones, suggesting the potential for Aurifilum fungi to become new pathogens of Eucalyptus.

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Research Article Mon, 29 May 2023 17:56:40 +0300
Morphological and molecular analyses reveal two new species of Microcera (Nectriaceae, Hypocreales) associated with scale insects on walnut in China https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/103484/ MycoKeys 98: 19-35

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.98.103484

Authors: Feng Liu, Yu Deng, Fei-Hu Wang, Rajesh Jeewon, Qian Zeng, Xiu-Lan Xu, Ying-Gao Liu, Chun-Lin Yang

Abstract: The fungal genus Microcera consists of species mostly occurring as parasites of scale insects, but are also commonly isolated from soil or lichens. In the present study, we surveyed the diversity and assess the taxonomy of entomopathogenic fungi in Sichuan Province, China. Two new species of Microcera, viz. M. chrysomphaludis and M. pseudaulacaspidis, were isolated from scale insects colonising walnut (Juglans regia). Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference analyses of ITS, LSU, tef1-α, rpb1, rpb2, acl1, act, tub2, cmdA and his3 sequence data provide evidence for the validity of the two species and their placement in Nectriaceae (Hypocreales). Microcera pseudaulacaspidis primarily differs from similar species by having more septate and smaller cylindrical macroconidia, as well as DNA sequence data. Meanwhile, Microcera chrysomphaludis has elliptical, one-septate ascospores with acute ends and cylindrical, slightly curved with 4–6 septate macroconidia up to 78 µm long. Morphological descriptions with illustrations of the novel species and DNA-based phylogeny generated from analyses of multigene dataset are also provided to better understand species relationships.

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Research Article Mon, 29 May 2023 17:55:50 +0300
Ceriporiopsis tianshanensis (Polyporales, Agaricomycetes) and Sidera tianshanensis (Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes), two new species of wood-inhabiting fungi from Xinjiang, Northwest China https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/102552/ MycoKeys 98: 1-18

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.98.102552

Authors: Tai-Min Xu, Yi-Fei Sun, Shun Liu, Chang-Ge Song, Neng Gao, Dong-Mei Wu, Bao-Kai Cui

Abstract: Wood-inhabiting fungi are abundant in China, but their distribution is uneven, with more fungi in southwest China and fewer fungi in northwest China. During the investigation of wood-inhabiting fungi in Xinjiang, we collected a large number of specimens. Eight specimens growing on Picea schrenkiana were collected from Tianshan Mountains, and they were described as two new species in Ceriporiopsis and Sidera based on morphological characters and molecular evidence. Ceriporiopsis tianshanensis is characterized by a cream to salmon-buff pore surface, larger pores measuring 1–3 per mm, and broadly ellipsoid basidiospores 5–6.5 × 3–4 μm. Sidera tianshanensis is characterized by annual to perennial basidiocarps, measuring 15 mm thick, pores 5–7 per mm, cream to rosy buff pore surface, and allantoid basidiospores 3–3.5 × 1–1.4 µm. Detailed illustrations and descriptions of the novel species are provided.

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Research Article Mon, 29 May 2023 17:55:08 +0300
Botryosphaerialean fungi associated with woody oil plants cultivated in Sichuan Province, China https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/103118/ MycoKeys 97: 71-116

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.97.103118

Authors: Wen-Li Li, Rui-Ru Liang, Asha J. Dissanayake, Jian-Kui Liu

Abstract: Woody oil plants are important economic trees which are widely cultivated and distributed throughout China. Surveys conducted during 2020 and 2021 on several woody oil plantations from five regions of Sichuan Province, China, revealed a high diversity of Botryosphaerialean fungi. The identification of 50 botryosphaeriaceous isolates was carried out based on both morphology and multi-gene phylogenetic analysis of internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene (tef1) and β-tubulin gene (tub2). This allowed the identification of twelve previously known Botryosphaeriales species: Aplosporella prunicola, A. ginkgonis, Barriopsis tectonae, Botryosphaeria dothidea, Bo. fabicerciana, Diplodia mutila, Di. seriata, Dothiorella sarmentorum, Neofusicoccum parvum, Sardiniella guizhouensis, Sphaeropsis citrigena, and Sp. guizhouensis, and four novel species belonging to the genera Diplodia and Dothiorella, viz. Di. acerigena, Di. pistaciicola, Do. camelliae and Do. zanthoxyli. The dominant species isolated across the surveyed regions were Botryosphaeria dothidea, Sardiniella guizhouensis and Diplodia mutila, representing 20%, 14% and 12% of the total isolates, respectively. In addition, most isolates were obtained from Pistacia chinensis (14 isolates), followed by Camellia oleifera (10 isolates). The present study enhances the understanding of Botryosphaeriales species diversity on woody oil plants in Sichuan Province, China.

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Research Article Tue, 23 May 2023 14:38:16 +0300
Soil-borne Ophiostomatales species (Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota) in beech, oak, pine, and spruce stands in Poland with descriptions of Sporothrix roztoczensis sp. nov., S. silvicola sp. nov., and S. tumida sp. nov. https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/97416/ MycoKeys 97: 41-69

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.97.97416

Authors: Piotr Bilański, Robert Jankowiak, Halvor Solheim, Paweł Fortuna, Łukasz Chyrzyński, Paulina Warzecha, Stephen Joshua Taerum

Abstract: Ophiostomatales (Ascomycota) contains many species, most of which are associated with bark beetles. Some members of this order are plant or animal pathogens, while others colonize soil, different plant tissues, or even carpophores of some Basidiomycota. However, little is known about soil-inhabiting Ophiostomatales fungi. A survey of these fungi associated with soil under beech, oak, pine, and spruce stands in Poland yielded 623 isolates, representing 10 species: Heinzbutinia grandicarpa, Leptographium procerum, L. radiaticola, Ophiostoma piliferum, O. quercus, Sporothrix brunneoviolacea, S. dentifunda, S. eucastaneae, and two newly described taxa, namely Sporothrix roztoczensis sp. nov. and S. silvicola sp. nov. In addition, isolates collected from fallen shoots of Pinus sylvestris that were pruned by Tomicus sp. are described as Sporothrix tumida sp. nov. The new taxa were morphologically characterized and phylogenetically analyzed based on multi-loci sequence data (ITS, β-tubulin, calmodulin, and translation elongation factor 1-α genes). The Ophiostomatales species were especially abundant in soil under pine and oak stands. Leptographium procerum, S. silvicola, and S. roztoczensis were the most frequently isolated species from soil under pine stands, while S. brunneoviolacea was the most abundant in soil under oak stands. The results highlight that forest soil in Poland has a wide diversity of Ophiostomatales taxa, but further studies are required to uncover the molecular diversity and phylogenetic relationships of these fungi, as well as their roles in soil fungal communities.

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Research Article Tue, 16 May 2023 17:50:23 +0300
Three new species of Trichoderma (Hypocreales, Hypocreaceae) from soils in China https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/101635/ MycoKeys 97: 21-40

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.97.101635

Authors: Rui Zhao, Li-Juan Mao, Chu-Long Zhang

Abstract: Trichoderma spp. are diverse fungi with wide distribution. In this study, we report on three new species of Trichoderma, namely T. nigricans, T. densissimum and T. paradensissimum, collected from soils in China. Their phylogenetic position of these novel species was determined by analyzing the concatenated sequences of the second largest nuclear RNA polymerase subunit encoding gene (rpb2) and the translation elongation factor 1– alpha encoding gene (tef1). The results of the phylogenetic analysis showed that each new species formed a distinct clade: T. nigricans is a new member of the Atroviride Clade, and T. densissimum and T. paradensissimum belong to the Harzianum Clade. A detailed description of the morphology and cultural characteristics of the newly discovered Trichoderma species is provided, and these characteristics were compared with those of closely related species to better understand the taxonomic relationships within the Trichoderma.

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Research Article Tue, 2 May 2023 11:44:55 +0300
Morphology and molecular analyses reveal three new species of Botryosphaeriales isolated from diseased plant branches in China https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/102653/ MycoKeys 97: 1-19

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.97.102653

Authors: Lu Lin, Yukun Bai, Meng Pan, Chengming Tian, Xinlei Fan

Abstract: The Botryosphaeriales represents an ecologically diverse group of fungi, comprising endophytes, saprobes, and plant pathogens. In this study, taxonomic analyses were conducted based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of multi-gene sequence data from four loci (ITS, LSU, tef1-α, and tub2). Thirteen isolates obtained from Beijing and Yunnan Province were identified as seven species of Botryosphaeriales, including Aplosporella javeedii, Dothiorella alpina, Phaeobotryon aplosporum and Ph. rhois, and three previously undescribed species, namely Aplosporella yanqingensis, Dothiorella baihuashanensis, and Phaeobotryon platycladi. Additionally, the new records of Dothiorella alpina from the host species Populus szechuanica, Phaeobotryon aplosporum from Juglans mandshurica, and Phaeobotryon rhois from Populus alba var. pyramidalis are included.

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Research Article Wed, 26 Apr 2023 21:35:43 +0300
Taxonomy and phylogeny of Sidera (Hymenochaetales, Rickenella clade) from China and North America revealing two new species https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/100743/ MycoKeys 96: 173-191

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.96.100743

Authors: Zhan-Bo Liu, Hong-Min Zhou, Hong-Gao Liu, Yuan Yuan

Abstract: Sidera, belonging to the Rickenella clade of Hymenochaetales, is a worldwide genus with mostly poroid hymenophore of wood-inhabiting fungi. Two new species in the genus, Sidera americana and S. borealis, are described and illustrated from China and North America based on morphological and molecular evidence. They were mainly found growing on rotten wood of Abies, Picea and Pinus. S. americana is characterized by annual, resupinate basidiomata with silk sheen when dry, round pores (9–11 per mm), a dimitic hyphal system, and allantoid basidiospores measuring 3.5–4.2 × 1 μm. S. borealis is characterized by annual, resupinate basidiomata with cream to pinkish buff dry pore surface, angular pores (6–7 per mm), a dimitic hyphal system, and allantoid basidiospores measuring 3.9–4.1 × 1–1.1 μm. Phylogenetic analysis based on a combined 2-locus dataset [ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS) + nuclear large subunit RNA (nLSU)] shows that the two species are members of Sidera, and they are compared with morphologically similar and phylogenetically related species, respectively. An identification key to 18 accepted species of Sidera in worldwide is provided.

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Research Article Thu, 20 Apr 2023 11:04:47 +0300
Two new species of genus Leucoagaricus (Agaricaceae, Agaricales) from Pakistan https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/101745/ MycoKeys 96: 159-171

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.96.101745

Authors: Shazia Ashraf, Arooj Naseer, Muhammad Usman, Abdul Nasir Khalid

Abstract: The genus of basidiomycetous fungi, Leucoagaricus, occurs worldwide, from subtropical to boreal latitudes. Several collections of Leucoagaricus were made during mycological field trips conducted in different forests of Margalla, Pakistan. An integrative framework combining morphological and phylogenetic data was employed for their study. As a result, the two species La. margallensis and La. glareicolor are here described as new to science. Detailed macro- and micro-morphological descriptions, and a molecular phylogenetic reconstruction based on nrITS and LSU sequence data are provided and used to discriminate the new species from morphologically and phylogenetically close taxa. Whereas, our phylogenetic tree inference gave unequivocal support for the inclusion of these two species within the section Leucoagaricus.

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Research Article Mon, 10 Apr 2023 11:19:25 +0300
How, not if, is the question mycologists should be asking about DNA-based typification https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/102669/ MycoKeys 96: 143-157

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.96.102669

Authors: R. Henrik Nilsson, Martin Ryberg, Christian Wurzbacher, Leho Tedersoo, Sten Anslan, Sergei Põlme, Viacheslav Spirin, Vladimir Mikryukov, Sten Svantesson, Martin Hartmann, Charlotte Lennartsdotter, Pauline Belford, Maryia Khomich, Alice Retter, Natàlia Corcoll, Daniela Gómez Martinez, Tobias Jansson, Masoomeh Ghobad-Nejhad, Duong Vu, Marisol Sanchez-Garcia, Erik Kristiansson, Kessy Abarenkov

Abstract: Fungal metabarcoding of substrates such as soil, wood, and water is uncovering an unprecedented number of fungal species that do not seem to produce tangible morphological structures and that defy our best attempts at cultivation, thus falling outside the scope of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants. The present study uses the new, ninth release of the species hypotheses of the UNITE database to show that species discovery through environmental sequencing vastly outpaces traditional, Sanger sequencing-based efforts in a strongly increasing trend over the last five years. Our findings challenge the present stance of some in the mycological community – that the current situation is satisfactory and that no change is needed to “the code” – and suggest that we should be discussing not whether to allow DNA-based descriptions (typifications) of species and by extension higher ranks of fungi, but what the precise requirements for such DNA-based typifications should be. We submit a tentative list of such criteria for further discussion. The present authors hope for a revitalized and deepened discussion on DNA-based typification, because to us it seems harmful and counter-productive to intentionally deny the overwhelming majority of extant fungi a formal standing under the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants.

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Forum Paper Mon, 10 Apr 2023 10:59:55 +0300
Elaphomyces castilloi (Elaphomycetaceae, Ascomycota) and Entoloma secotioides (Entolomataceae, Basidiomycota), two new sequestrate fungi from tropical montane cloud forest from south Mexico https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/98320/ MycoKeys 96: 127-142

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.96.98320

Authors: Javier Isaac de la Fuente, Jesús García-Jiménez, Tania Raymundo, Marcos Sánchez-Flores, Ricardo Valenzuela, Gonzalo Guevara-Guerrero, Erika Cecilia Pérez-Ovando, César Ramiro Martínez-González

Abstract: Two new species of sequestrate fungi are described from south Mexico based on morphological and molecular evidences. Here we describe Elaphomyces castilloi characterized by the yellowish mycelial mat, dull blue gleba and ascospores of 9.7–11.5 µm; Entoloma secotioides is characterized by the secotioid basidiomata, sulcate, pale cream pileus, and basidiospores of 7–13 × 5–9 µm. Both species grow in montane cloud forest under Quercus sp. in the state of Chiapas, Mexico. Descriptions, photographs, and multilocus phylogeny for both species are presented.

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Research Article Mon, 3 Apr 2023 15:16:42 +0300
Two new species of Scolecobasidium (Venturiales, Sympoventuriaceae) associated with true mangrove plants and S. terrestre comb. nov. https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/100621/ MycoKeys 96: 113-126

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.96.100621

Authors: Shuang Song, Meng Li, Jun-En Huang, Fang Liu

Abstract: Scolecobasidium is cosmopolitan and includes species that inhabit a wide range of ecosystems including soil, water, air, plant and cold-blooded vertebrates. During a fungal survey from mangrove, strains of Scolecobasidium occurring on leaf spots of true mangrove plants, Aegiceras corniculatum and Acanthus ebracteatus, were isolated from Futian Mangrove in Shenzhen and the Qi’ao-Dangan Island Mangrove in Zhuhai, China. Unlike most species in Scolecobasidium that produce dark conidia, our strains are characterized by hyaline to pale brown conidia and inconspicuous thread-like sterigmata. Further detailed morphological comparison and multi-locus (LSU, ITS, tub2, tef1-α) phylogenetic analyses revealed these collections as two new taxa, namely S. acanthi sp. nov. and S. aegiceratis sp. nov. We further emend the generic description of Scolecobasidium, propose one new combination, S. terrestre comb. nov., and clarify the taxonomic status of S. constrictum.

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Research Article Wed, 29 Mar 2023 17:35:30 +0300
Pseudolepraria, a new leprose genus revealed in Ramalinaceae (Ascomycota, Lecanoromycetes, Lecanorales) to accommodate Lepraria stephaniana https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/98029/ MycoKeys 96: 97-112

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.96.98029

Authors: Martin Kukwa, Magdalena Kosecka, Agnieszka Jabłońska, Adam Flakus, Pamela Rodriguez-Flakus, Beata Guzow-Krzemińska

Abstract: The new genus Pseudolepraria Kukwa, Jabłońska, Kosecka & Guzow-Krzemińska is introduced to accommodate Lepraria stephaniana Elix, Flakus & Kukwa. Phylogenetic analyses of nucITS, nucLSU, mtSSU and RPB2 markers recovered the new genus in the family Ramalinaceae with strong support. The genus is characterised by its thick, unstratified thallus composed entirely of soredia-like granules, the presence of 4-O-methylleprolomin, salazinic acid, zeorin and unknown terpenoid, and its phylogenetic position. The new combination, P. stephaniana (Elix, Flakus & Kukwa) Kukwa, Jabłońska, Kosecka & Guzow-Krzemińska, is proposed.

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Research Article Fri, 24 Mar 2023 15:54:04 +0200
MycoPins: a metabarcoding-based method to monitor fungal colonization of fine woody debris https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/101033/ MycoKeys 96: 77-95

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.96.101033

Authors: Maria Shumskaya, Nicholas Lorusso, Urvi Patel, Madison Leigh, Panu Somervuo, Dmitry Schigel

Abstract: The MycoPins method described here is a rapid and affordable protocol to monitor early colonization events in communities of wood-inhabiting fungi in fine woody debris. It includes easy to implement field sampling techniques and sample processing, followed by data processing, and analysis of the development of early dead wood fungal communities. The method is based on fieldwork from a time series experiment on standard sterilized colonization targets followed by the metabarcoding analysis and automated molecular identification of species. This new monitoring method through its simplicity, moderate costs, and scalability paves a way for a broader and scalable project pipeline. MycoPins establishes a standard routine for research stations or regularly visited field sites for monitoring of fungal colonization of woody substrates. The routine uses widely available consumables and therefore presents a unifying method for monitoring of fungi of this type.

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Short Communication Tue, 21 Mar 2023 19:12:46 +0200
Mycobiont-specific primers facilitate the amplification of mitochondrial small subunit ribosomal DNA: a focus on the lichenized fungal genus Melanelia (Ascomycota, Parmeliaceae) in Iceland https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/100037/ MycoKeys 96: 57-75

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.96.100037

Authors: Maonian Xu, Yingkui Liu, Erik Möller, Scott LaGreca, Patricia Moya, Xinyu Wang, Einar Timdal, Hugo de Boer, Eva Barreno, Lisong Wang, Holger Thüs, Ólafur Andrésson, Kristinn Pétur Magnússon, Elín Soffia Ólafsdóttir, Starri Heiðmarsson

Abstract: The fungal mitochondrial small subunit (mtSSU) ribosomal DNA is one of the most commonly used loci for phylogenetic analysis of lichen-forming fungi, but their primer specificity to mycobionts has not been evaluated. The current study aimed to design mycobiont-specific mtSSU primers and highlights their utility with an example from the saxicolous lichen-forming fungal genus Melanelia Essl. in Iceland. The study found a 12.5% success rate (3 out of 24 specimens with good-quality mycobiont mtSSU sequences) using universal primers (i.e. mrSSU1 and mrSSU3R), not including off-target amplification of environmental fungi, e.g. Cladophialophora carrionii and Lichenothelia convexa. New mycobiont-specific primers (mt-SSU-581-5’ and mt-SSU-1345-3’) were designed by targeting mycobiont-specific nucleotide sites in comparison with environmental fungal sequences, and assessed for mycobiont primer specificity using in silico PCR. The new mycobiont-specific mtSSU primers had a success rate of 91.7% (22 out of 24 specimens with good-quality mycobiont mtSSU sequences) on the studied Melanelia specimens. Additional testing confirmed the specificity and yielded amplicons from 79 specimens of other Parmeliaceae mycobiont lineages. This study highlights the effectiveness of designing mycobiont-specific primers for studies on lichen identification, barcoding and phylogenetics.

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Research Article Tue, 21 Mar 2023 19:12:22 +0200
Five new species of Schizoporaceae (Basidiomycota, Hymenochaetales) from East Asia https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/99327/ MycoKeys 96: 25-56

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.96.99327

Authors: Qian-Xin Guan, Jing Huang, Jian Huang, Chang-Lin Zhao

Abstract: Five new wood-inhabiting fungi, Lyomyces albopulverulentus, L. yunnanensis, Xylodon daweishanensis, X. fissuratus, and X. puerensis spp. nov., are proposed based on a combination of morphological features and molecular evidence. Lyomyces albopulverulentus is characterized by brittle basidiomata, pruinose hymenophore with a white hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae, and ellipsoid basidiospores. Lyomyces yunnanensis is characterized by a grandinioid hymenial surface, the presence of capitate cystidia, and ellipsoid basidiospores. Xylodon daweishanensis is characterized by an odontioid hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae, and broad ellipsoid-to-subglobose basidiospores. Xylodon fissuratus is characterized by a cracking basidiomata with a grandinioid hymenial surface, and ellipsoid basidiospores. Xylodon puerensis is characterized by a poroid hymenophore with an angular or slightly daedaleoid configuration, and ellipsoid-to-broad-ellipsoid basidiospores. Sequences of ITS and nLSU rRNA markers of the studied samples were generated and phylogenetic analyses were performed with the maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, and Bayesian inference methods. The phylogram based on the ITS+nLSU rDNA gene regions (Fig. 1) included six genera within the families Chaetoporellaceae, Hyphodontiaceae, Hymenochaetaceae, and Schizoporaceae (Hymenochaetales)—Fasciodontia, Hastodontia, Hyphodontia, Kneifiella, Lyomyces, and Xylodon—in which the five new species were grouped into genera Lyomyces and Xylodon. The phylogenetic tree inferred from the ITS sequences highlighted that Lyomyces albopulverulentus formed a monophyletic lineage and was then grouped closely with L. bambusinus, L. orientalis, and L. sambuci; additionally, L. yunnanensis was sister to L. niveus with strong supports. The topology, based on the ITS sequences, revealed that Xylodon daweishanensis was retrieved as a sister to X. hyphodontinus; X. fissuratus was grouped with the four taxa X. montanus, X. subclavatus, X. wenshanensis, and X. xinpingensis; and X. puerensis was clustered with X. flaviporus, X. ovisporus, X. subflaviporus, X. subtropicus, and X. taiwanianus.

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Research Article Tue, 14 Mar 2023 18:30:47 +0200
Taxonomy of Thelidium auruntii and T. incavatum complexes (lichenized Ascomycota, Verrucariales) in Finland https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/98738/ MycoKeys 96: 1-23

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.96.98738

Authors: Juha Pykälä, Annina Kantelinen, Leena Myllys

Abstract: The taxonomy of lichen species morphologically similar to Thelidium auruntii and T. incavatum in Finland is being revised. Based on ITS and morphology, ten species occur in Finland. All species are restricted to calcareous rocks. The Thelidium auruntii morphocomplex includes six species: T. auruntii, T. huuskonenii sp. nov., T. pseudoauruntii sp. nov., T. sallaense sp. nov, T. toskalharjiense sp. nov. and T. sp. 1. In the ITS phylogeny, T. auruntii, T. pseudoauruntii and T. sallaense group together, but the remaining species are placed outside of this clade. All the species have northern distribution in Finland, occurring on fells in NW Finland and/or in gorges in the Oulanka area in NE Finland. The Thelidium incavatum morphocomplex includes four species: T. declivum sp. nov., T. incavatum, T. mendax sp. nov. and T. sp. 2. This morphogroup is not resolved as monophyletic in the ITS phylogeny, with only T. declivum and T. mendax forming a strongly supported group. Thelidium incavatum is rather common in SW Finland, with one separate locality in eastern Finland. Thelidium declivum occurs only in the Oulanka area. Thelidium mendax occurs in the Oulanka area, but one locality is known from eastern central Finland. Thelidium sp. 2 is known from one locality in SW Lapland.

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Research Article Wed, 8 Mar 2023 21:14:50 +0200
Multi-gene phylogeny and morphology of two new Phyllosticta (Phyllostictaceae, Botryosphaeriales) species from China https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/100414/ MycoKeys 95: 189-207

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.95.100414

Authors: Cheng-Bin Wang, Jing Yang, Yong Li, Han Xue, Chun-Gen Piao, Ning Jiang

Abstract: Phyllosticta (Phyllostictaceae, Botryosphaeriales) includes plant pathogens, endophytes and saprobes, occurring on various hosts worldwide. During the present study, isolates associated with leaf spots were obtained from the hosts Quercus aliena and Viburnum odoratissimum, and identified based on morphological features and phylogenetic inference from the analyses of five loci (ITS, LSU, tef1, act and gapdh). Results supported the introduction of two novel species, namely Phyllosticta anhuiensis and P. guangdongensis. Phylogenetically, P. anhuiensis and P. guangdongensis formed two well-separated lineages in the P. concentrica and P. capitalensis species complexes, distinguishing from all presently accepted species in this genus by DNA sequence data. Morphologically, P. anhuiensis and P. guangdongensis have the typical structure of the genus Phyllosticta, and differed from their closely related species by the length of the conidial appendage.

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Research Article Wed, 1 Mar 2023 14:18:06 +0200
Two new species of Diaporthe (Diaporthaceae, Diaporthales) in China https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/98969/ MycoKeys 95: 209-228

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.95.98969

Authors: Ya-Quan Zhu, Chun-Yan Ma, Han Xue, Chun-Gen Piao, Yong Li, Ning Jiang

Abstract: Species of Diaporthe have been reported as plant endophytes, pathogens and saprobes on a wide range of plant hosts. Strains of Diaporthe were isolated from leaf spots of Smilax glabra and dead culms of Xanthium strumarium in China, and identified based on morphology and molecular phylogenetic analyses of combined internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), calmodulin (cal), histone H3 (his3), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1) and β-tubulin (tub2) loci. As a result, two new species named Diaporthe rizhaoensis and D. smilacicola are identified, described and illustrated in the present study.

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Research Article Wed, 1 Mar 2023 14:17:38 +0200
Endophytic Colletotrichum (Sordariomycetes, Glomerellaceae) species associated with Citrus grandis cv. “Tomentosa” in China https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/87121/ MycoKeys 95: 163-188

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.95.87121

Authors: Jia-Wei Liu, Ishara S. Manawasinghe, Xuan-Ni Liao, Jin Mao, Zhang-Yong Dong, Ruvishika S. Jayawardena, Dhanushka N. Wanasinghe, Yong-Xin Shu, Mei Luo

Abstract: Colletotrichum species are well-known plant pathogens, saprobes, endophytes, human pathogens and entomopathogens. However, little is known about Colletotrichum as endophytes of plants and cultivars including Citrus grandis cv. “Tomentosa”. In the present study, 12 endophytic Colletotrichum isolates were obtained from this host in Huazhou, Guangdong Province (China) in 2019. Based on morphology and combined multigene phylogeny [nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh), chitin synthase 1 (chs-1), histone H3 (his3) actin (act), beta-tubulin (β-tubulin) and glutamine synthetase (gs)], six Colletotrichum species were identified, including two new species, namely Colletotrichum guangdongense and C. tomentosae. Colletotrichum asianum, C. plurivorum, C. siamense and C. tainanense are identified as being the first reports on C. grandis cv. “Tomentosa” worldwide. This study is the first comprehensive study on endophytic Colletotrichum species on C. grandis cv. “Tomentosa” in China.

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Research Article Thu, 23 Feb 2023 18:14:23 +0200
Segregation of the genus Parahypoxylon (Hypoxylaceae, Xylariales) from Hypoxylon by a polyphasic taxonomic approach https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/98125/ MycoKeys 95: 131-162

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.95.98125

Authors: Marjorie Cedeño-Sanchez, Esteban Charria-Girón, Christopher Lambert, J. Jennifer Luangsa-ard, Cony Decock, Raimo Franke, Mark Brönstrup, Marc Stadler

Abstract: During a mycological survey of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, a fungal specimen that morphologically resembled the American species Hypoxylon papillatum was encountered. A polyphasic approach including morphological and chemotaxonomic together with a multigene phylogenetic study (ITS, LSU, tub2, and rpb2) of Hypoxylon spp. and representatives of related genera revealed that this strain represents a new species of the Hypoxylaceae. However, the multi-locus phylogenetic inference indicated that the new fungus clustered with H. papillatum in a separate clade from the other species of Hypoxylon. Studies by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detection and ion mobility tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-DAD-IM-MS/MS) were carried out on the stromatal extracts. In particular, the MS/MS spectra of the major stromatal metabolites of these species indicated the production of hitherto unreported azaphilone pigments with a similar core scaffold to the cohaerin-type metabolites, which are exclusively found in the Hypoxylaceae. Based on these results, the new genus Parahypoxylon is introduced herein. Aside from P. papillatum, the genus also includes P. ruwenzoriense sp. nov., which clustered together with the type species within a basal clade of the Hypoxylaceae together with its sister genus Durotheca.

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Research Article Mon, 20 Feb 2023 14:05:41 +0200
Chaenothecopsis (Mycocaliciales, Ascomycota) from exudates of endemic New Zealand Podocarpaceae https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/97601/ MycoKeys 95: 101-129

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.95.97601

Authors: Christina Beimforde, Alexander R. Schmidt, Hanna Tuovila, Uwe Kaulfuss, Juliane Germer, William G. Lee, Jouko Rikkinen

Abstract: The order Mycocaliciales (Ascomycota) comprises fungal species with diverse, often highly specialized substrate ecologies. Particularly within the genus Chaenothecopsis, many species exclusively occur on fresh and solidified resins or other exudates of vascular plants. In New Zealand, the only previously known species growing on plant exudate is Chaenothecopsis schefflerae, found on several endemic angiosperms in the family Araliaceae. Here we describe three new species; Chaenothecopsis matai Rikkinen, Beimforde, Tuovila & A.R. Schmidt, C. nodosa Beimforde, Tuovila, Rikkinen & A.R. Schmidt, and C. novae-zelandiae Rikkinen, Beimforde, Tuovila & A.R. Schmidt, all growing on exudates of endemic New Zealand conifers of the Podocarpaceae family, particularly on Prumnopitys taxifolia. Phylogenetic analyses based on ribosomal DNA regions (ITS and LSU) grouped them into a distinct, monophyletic clade. This, as well as the restricted host range, suggests that all three taxa are endemic to New Zealand. Copious insect frass between the ascomata contain ascospores or show an early stage of ascomata development, indicating that the fungi are spread by insects. The three new species represent the first evidence of Chaenothecopsis from any Podocarpaceae species and the first from any gymnosperm exudates in New Zealand.

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Research Article Thu, 16 Feb 2023 17:36:21 +0200
Two new species of Astrothelium from Sud Yungas in Bolivia and the first discovery of vegetative propagules in the family Trypetheliaceae (lichen-forming Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota) https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/98986/ MycoKeys 95: 83-100

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.95.98986

Authors: Martin Kukwa, Pamela Rodriguez-Flakus, André Aptroot, Adam Flakus

Abstract: Two new species of Astrothelium are described from the Yungas forest in Bolivian Andes. Astrothelium chulumanense is characterised by pseudostromata concolorous with the thallus, perithecia immersed for the most part, with the upper portion elevated above the thallus and covered, except the tops, with orange pigment, apical and fused ostioles, the absence of lichexanthone (but thallus UV+ orange-yellow), clear hamathecium, 8-spored asci and amyloid, large, muriform ascospores with median septa. Astrothelium isidiatum is known only in a sterile state and produces isidia that develop in groups on areoles, but easily break off to reveal a medulla that resembles soralia. Both species, according to the two-locus phylogeny, belong to Astrothelium s.str. The production of isidia is reported from the genus Astrothelium and the family Trypetheliaceae for the first time.

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Research Article Wed, 8 Feb 2023 17:10:29 +0200
Morphological and molecular analyses reveal two new species of Termitomyces (Agaricales, Lyophyllaceae) and morphological variability of T. intermedius https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/97156/ MycoKeys 95: 61-82

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.95.97156

Authors: Song-Ming Tang, Santhiti Vadthanarat, Jun He, Bhavesh Raghoonundon, Feng-Ming Yu, Samantha C. Karunarathna, Shu-Hong Li, Olivier Raspé

Abstract: Two new species, Termitomyces tigrinus and T. yunnanensis are described based on specimens collected from southwestern China. Termitomyces yunnanensis is morphologically characterized by a conspicuously venose pileus surface that is grey, olive grey, light grey to greenish grey at center, light grey towards margin, and a cylindrical white stipe. Termitomyces tigrinus is morphologically characterized by a densely tomentose to tomentose-squamulose pileus showing alternating greyish white and dark grey zones, and a stipe that is bulbous at the base. The two new species are supported by phylogenetic analyses of combined nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA (ITS), the mitochondrial rDNA small subunit (mrSSU) and the nuclear rDNA large subunit (nrLSU). The morphological variability of T. intermedius, including five specimens newly collected from Yunnan Province, China, is also discussed. The collections showed variability in colour of the stipe surface and in the shape of cheilocystidia when compared to the original description. Full descriptions of the two new species and of T. intermedius, as well as a taxonomic key to the 14 Termitomyces species reported from China are provided.

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Research Article Wed, 8 Feb 2023 17:09:30 +0200
Additions to Thelebolales (Leotiomycetes, Ascomycota): Pseudogeomyces lindneri gen. et sp. nov. and Pseudogymnoascus campensis sp. nov. https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/97474/ MycoKeys 95: 47-60

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.95.97474

Authors: Zhi-Yuan Zhang, Yan-Feng Han, Wan-Hao Chen, Gang Tao

Abstract: Thelebolales are globally distributed fungi with diverse ecological characteristics. The classification of Thelebolales remains controversial to date and this study introduces two new taxa, based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses. The results of phylogenetic analyses indicated that the new taxa formed distinct lineages with strong support that were separated from the other members of Thelebolales. The new taxa described herein did not form sexual structures. The phylogenetic relationships of the new taxa and the morphological differences between these taxa and the other species under Thelebolales are also discussed.

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Research Article Mon, 6 Feb 2023 17:59:55 +0200
Morphological and phylogenetic analyses reveal two new species and a new record of Apiospora (Amphisphaeriales, Apiosporaceae) in China https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/96400/ MycoKeys 95: 27-45

DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.95.96400

Authors: Rongyu Liu, Duhua Li, Zhaoxue Zhang, Shubin Liu, Xinye Liu, Yixin Wang, Heng Zhao, Xiaoyong Liu, Xiuguo Zhang, Jiwen Xia, Yujiao Wang

Abstract: The genus Apiospora includes endophytes, pathogens and saprobes, with a wide host range and geographic distribution. In this paper, six Apiospora strains isolated from diseased and healthy tissues of bamboo leaves from Hainan and Shandong provinces in China were classified using a multi-locus phylogeny based on a combined dataset of ITS, LSU, tef1 and tub2, in conjunction with morphological characters, host association and ecological distribution. Two new species, Apiospora dongyingensis and A. hainanensis, and a new record of A. pseudosinensis in China, are described based on their distinct phylogenetic relationships and morphological analyses. Illustrations and descriptions of the three taxa are provided, along with comparisons with closely related taxa in the genus.

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Research Article Fri, 27 Jan 2023 17:48:01 +0200