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Research Article
Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of Trametopsis (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) with descriptions of two new species
expand article infoShun Liu‡, Yi-Fei Sun‡, Yan Wang‡, Tai-Min Xu‡, Chang-Ge Song‡, Yuan-Yuan Chen§, Bao-Kai Cui‡
‡ Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
§ Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China

Corresponding author: Bao-Kai Cui ( cuibaokai@bjfu.edu.cn )

Academic editor: María P. Martín
© 2022 Shun Liu, Yi-Fei Sun, Yan Wang, Tai-Min Xu, Chang-Ge Song, Yuan-Yuan Chen, Bao-Kai Cui.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation: Liu S, Sun Y-F, Wang Y, Xu T-M, Song C-G, Chen Y-Y, Cui B-K (2022) Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of Trametopsis (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) with descriptions of two new species. MycoKeys 90: 31-51. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.90.84717
Open Access

Abstract

Trametopsis is a worldwide genus belonging to Irpicaceae in the phlebioid clade, which can cause a white decay of wood. Previously, only three species were ascribed to the genus. In this study, we performed a morphological and phylogenetic study of Trametopsis. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of multiple loci included the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, the large subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nLSU), the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB1), the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2) and the translation elongation factor 1-α gene (TEF1). Phylogenetic trees were inferred from the combined datasets of ITS+nLSU sequences and ITS+nLSU+RPB1+RPB2+TEF1 sequences by using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses. Combined with molecular data, morphological characters and ecological traits, two new species of Trametopsis are discovered. Trametopsis abieticola is characterised by its pileate, solitary or imbricate basidiomata, buff to buff-yellow pileal surface when fresh, becoming pinkish buff to clay-buff when dry, cream to buff pore surface when fresh, becoming pinkish buff to greyish brown upon drying, round to angular and large pores (0.5–1 per mm), cylindrical basidiospores (5.8–7.2 × 1.9–2.6 μm), distributed in the high altitude of mountains and grows on Abies sp. Trametopsis tasmanica is characterised by its resupinate basidiomata, cream to pinkish-buff pore surface when fresh, becoming honey-yellow to snuff brown upon drying, cylindrical basidiospores (5.2–6.3 × 1.8–2.2 μm), and by growing on Eucalyptus sp. Detailed descriptions and illustrations of the two novel species are provided.

Keywords

Irpicaceae, macrofungi, multi-gene phylogeny, new species, white-rot fungi

Introduction

Trametopsis Tomšovský was established by Tomšovský (2008) with T. cervina (Schwein.) Tomšovský as type species. The morphological characteristics of Trametopsis are as follows: Basidiomata annual, sessile to effused-reflexed or rarely resupinate. Pileal surface pinkish buff to cinnamon or clay-buff, hirsute to strigose. Pore surface concolorous with pileal surface; pores irregular, daedaloid to irpicoid; dissepiments thin and lacerate. Context pale buff, fibrous. Tubes concolorous with the context, corky. Hyphal system dimitic; generative hyphae clamped. Cystidia absent; fusoid cystidioles occasionally present. Basidia clavate, bearing four sterigmata and a basal clamp connection. Basidiospores cylindrical, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, IKI–, CB– (Tomšovský 2008).

Gómez-Montoya et al. (2017) evaluated the species of Trametopsis in the Neotropics based on phylogenetic evidences and morphological analyses. The phylogenetic analyses showed that Trametopsis is an independent genus; furthermore, one new species, T. aborigena Gómez-Mont. & Robledo, and the two new combinations, T. brasiliensis (Ryvarden & de Meijer) Gómez-Mont. & Robledo and T. luteocontexta (Ryvarden & de Meijer) Gómez-Mont., Robledo & Drechsler-Santos were presented. Westphalen et al. (2019) summarised Antrodiella Ryvarden & I. Johans. and related genera from the Neotropics, and T. luteocontexta was transferred to Aegis Gómez-Mont., Rajchenb. & Robledo according to morphological and molecular data. Recent phylogenetic studies have shown that Trametopsis belongs to Irpicaceae Spirin & Zmitr in the phlebioid clade (Justo et al. 2017; Chen et al. 2021). So far, three species are accepted in Trametopsis, viz., T. aborigena, T. brasiliensis and T. cervina.

During our investigations of wood-decay fungi, some specimens of the phlebioid clade were collected. These specimens possess glabrous or velutinate to strigose pileal surface, round to angular, irregular, daedaleoid to irpicoid pores, saprophytic on dead wood and causing white rot. Preliminary morphological observations showed that these specimens may belong to Trametopsis. To determine the phylogenetic positions of these specimens, we performed phylogenetic analyses of Irpicaceae with emphasis on Trametopsis based on the combined sequences datasets of ITS+nLSU and ITS+nLSU+RPB1+RPB2+TEF1. Combining morphological and molecular evidence, two new species, viz., T. abieticola and T. tasmanica are described and illustrated.

Materials and methods

Morphological studies

The examined specimens were deposited at the herbarium of the Institute of Microbiology, Beijing Forestry University (BJFC). Morphological descriptions and abbreviations used in this study follow Cui et al. (2019) and Song et al. (2021).

Molecular studies and phylogenetic analysis

The procedures for DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) used in this study were the same as described by Liu et al. (2021a) and Sun et al. (2022). The ITS regions were amplified with the primer pairs ITS4 and ITS5, the nLSU regions were amplified with the primer pairs LR0R and LR7, RPB1 was amplified with primer pairs RPB1-Af and RPB1-Cr, RPB2 gene was amplified with the primer pairs fRPB2-f5F and bRPB2-7.1R, and TEF1 gene was amplified with the primer pairs EF1-983F and EF1-1567R (White et al. 1990; Rehner 2001; Matheny et al. 2002; Matheny 2005).

The PCR cycling schedules for different DNA sequences of ITS, nLSU, RPB1, RPB2 and TEF1 genes used in this study followed those used in Liu et al. (2021b, 2022) with some modifications. The PCR products were purified and sequenced at Beijing Genomics Institute, China, with the same primers. All newly generated sequences were submitted to GenBank and were listed in Table 1.

Table 1.
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A list of species, specimens, and GenBank accession number of sequences used for phylogenetic analyses in this study.

Species Sample no. Locality GenBank accessions References
ITS nLSU RPB1 RPB2 TEF1
Byssomerulius corium FCUG 2701 Russia MZ636931 GQ470630 MZ748415 OK136068 MZ913668 Wu et al. (2010); Chen et al. (2021)
B. corium Wu 1207-55 China MZ636932 MZ637096 — — — Chen et al. (2021)
B. corium FP-102382 USA KP135007 KP135230 KP134802 KP134921 — Floudas and Hibbett (2015)
Ceriporia bubalinomarginata Dai 11327 China JX623953 JX644045 — — — Jia et al. (2014)
C. bubalinomarginata Dai 12499 China JX623954 JX644044 — — — Jia et al. (2014)
C. viridans Spirin 5909 Finland KX236481 KX236481 — — — Spirin et al. (2016)
C. viridans Miettinen 11701 Netherlands KX752600 KX752600 — — — Miettinen et al. (2016)
Crystallicutis cf. serpens Wu 1608-130 China MZ636946 MZ637108 — — — Chen et al. (2021)
C. cf. serpens Wu 1608-81 China MZ636947 MZ637109 MZ748435 OK136094 MZ913699 Chen et al. (2021)
C. serpens HHB-15692 USA KP135031 KP135200 KP134785 KP134914 — Floudas and Hibbett (2015)
C. sp. FP-101245 USA KP135029 — — — — Floudas and Hibbett (2015)
Cytidiella albida GB-1833 Spain KY948748 KY948889 KY948960 OK136069 MZ913675 Justo et al. (2017); Chen et al. (2021)
C. albomarginata Wei 18-474 China MZ636948 MZ637110 MZ748429 OK136070 MZ913678 Chen et al. (2021)
C. albomarginata Wu 0108-86 China MZ636949 MZ637111 MZ748430 OK136071 MZ913677 Chen et al. (2021)
C. albomellea FP-102339 USA MZ636950 MZ637112 MZ748431 — — Chen et al. (2021)
C. nitidula T-407 USA KY948747 MZ637113 KY948961 OK136072 MZ913676 Justo et al. (2017); Chen et al. (2021)
Efibula gracilis FD-455 USA KP135027 MZ637116 KP134804 OK136077 MZ913679 Floudas and Hibbett (2015); Chen et al. (2021)
E. gracilis FP-102052 USA KP135028 — — — — Floudas and Hibbett (2015)
E. matsuensis Wu 1011-18 China MZ636956 MZ637119 MZ748418 OK136078 MZ913680 Chen et al. (2021)
E. matsuensis Wu 1011-19 China MZ636957 MZ637120 — — — Chen et al. (2021)
E. tropica Chen 3596 China MZ636966 MZ637128 — — — Chen et al. (2021)
E. tropica Wei 18-149 China MZ636967 MZ637129 MZ748419 OK136079 MZ913681 Chen et al. (2021)
E. yunnanensis Wu 880515-1 China MZ636977 GQ470672 MZ748420 OK136080 MZ913682 Wu et al. (2010); Chen et al. (2021)
E. yunnanensis Wu 0910-104 China MZ636976 MZ637138 — — — Chen et al. (2021)
Gloeoporus orientalis Wei 16-485 China MZ636980 MZ637141 MZ748443 OK136095 MZ913709 Chen et al. (2021)
G. pannocinctus L-15726 USA KP135060 KP135214 KP134867 KP134973 — Floudas and Hibbett (2015)
Irpex flavus Wu 0705-1 China MZ636988 MZ637149 MZ748432 OK136087 MZ913683 Chen et al. (2021)
I. flavus Wu 0705-2 China MZ636989 MZ637150 — — — Chen et al. (2021)
I. hacksungii F 2008 South Korea FJ750851 — — — — Lee et al. (2008)
I. hydnoides KUC 20121109-01 South Korea KJ668510 KJ668362 — — — Jang et al. (2016)
I. laceratus WHC 1372 China MZ636990 MZ637151 — — — Chen et al. (2021)
I. lacteus DO 421 Sweden JX109852 JX109852 — JX109882 — Binder et al. (2013)
I. lacteus FD-93 USA KP135025 — — — — Floudas and Hibbett (2015)
I. latemarginatus FP-55521-T USA KP135024 KP135202 KP134805 KP134915 — Floudas and Hibbett (2015)
I. latemarginatus Dai 7165 China KY131834 KY131893 — — — Wu et al. (2017)
I. lenis Wu 1608-14 China MZ636991 MZ637152 MZ748434 — MZ913685 Chen et al. (2021)
I. lenis Wu 1608-22 China MZ636992 MZ637153 — — — Chen et al. (2021)
I. rosettiformis LR40855 USA JN649347 JN649347 — — — Sjökvist et al. (2012)
I. rosettiformis Meijer3729 Brazil JN649346 JN649346 — JX109875 JX109904 Sjökvist et al. (2012); Binder et al. (2013)
Leptoporus mollis LE BIN 3849 Russia MG735341 — — — — Psurtseva (2010)
L. mollis RLG-7163 USA KY948794 MZ637155 KY948956 OK136101 MZ913693 Justo et al. (2017); Chen et al. (2021)
Meruliopsis albostramineus HHB 10729 USA KP135051 KP135229 KP134787 — — Floudas and Hibbett (2015)
M. crassitunicata CHWC 1506-46 China LC427010 LC427034 — — — Chen et al. (2020)
M. leptocystidiata Wu 1708-43 China LC427013 LC427033 LC427070 — — Chen et al. (2020)
M. parvispora Wu 1209-58 China LC427017 LC427039 LC427065 — — Chen et al. (2020)
M. taxicola GC 1704-60 China LC427028 LC427050 LC427063 — — Chen et al. (2020)
Phanerochaete albida GC 1407-14 China MZ422788 MZ637179 MZ748384 OK136013 MZ913704 Chen et al. (2021)
P. alnea FP-151125 USA KP135177 MZ637181 MZ748385 OK136014 MZ913641 Floudas and Hibbett (2015); Chen et al. (2021)
Phanerochaetella angustocystidiata Wu 9606-39 China MZ637020 GQ470638 MZ748422 OK136082 MZ913687 Wu et al. (2010); Chen et al. (2021)
P. angustocystidiata GC 1501-20 China MZ637017 MZ637225 — — — Chen et al. (2021)
P. exilis HHB-6988 USA KP135001 KP135236 KP134799 KP134918 — Floudas and Hibbett (2015)
P. formosana Chen 479 China MZ637023 GQ470650 MZ748424 OK136084 MZ913718 Wu et al. (2010); Chen et al. (2021)
P. formosana Chen 3468 China MZ637022 MZ637229 — — — Chen et al. (2021)
P. leptoderma Chen 1362 China MZ637025 GQ470646 MZ748423 OK136083 MZ913689 Wu et al. (2010); Chen et al. (2021)
P. leptoderma Wu 1703-9 China MZ637027 MZ637232 — — — Wu et al. (2010)
P. xerophila HHB-8509 USA KP134996 KP135259 KP134800 KP134919 MZ913688 Floudas and Hibbett (2015); Chen et al. (2021)
P. xerophila KKN-172 USA KP134997 — — — — Floudas and Hibbett (2015)
Raduliporus aneirinus HHB-15629 USA KP135023 KP135207 KP134795 — — Floudas and Hibbett (2015)
R. aneirinus Wu 0409-199 China MZ637068 MZ637267 — OK136096 MZ913712 Chen et al. (2021)
R. pseudogilvescens Wu 9508-54 China MZ637069 MZ637269 — — — Chen et al. (2021)
Resiniporus pseudogilvescens Wu 1209-46 China KY688203 MZ637268 MZ748436 OK136097 MZ913713 Chen et al. (2018); Chen et al. (2021)
R. resinascens BRNM 710169 Czech Republic FJ496675 FJ496698 — — — Tomšovský et al. (2010)
Trametopsis abieticola Cui 18363 China ON041038 ON041054 ON099403 ON099411 ON083777 Present study
T. abieticola Cui 18383 China ON041039 ON041055 ON099404 ON099412 ON083778 Present study
T. aborigena Robledo 1236 Argentina KY655336 KY655338 — — — Gómez-Montoya et al. (2017)
T. aborigena Robledo 1238 Argentina KY655337 KY655339 — — — Gómez-Montoya et al. (2017)
T. brasiliensis Meijer 3637 Brazil JN710510 JN710510 — — — Miettinena et al. (2012)
T. cervina Cui 17712 China ON041040 ON041056 — ON099413 ON083779 Present study
T. cervina Cui 18017 China ON041041 ON041057 — ON099414 ON083780 Present study
T. cervina Cui 18019 China ON041042 ON041058 ON099405 ON099415 ON083781 Present study
T. cervina Dai 21818 China ON041043 ON041059 ON099406 — ON083782 Present study
T. cervina Dai 21820 China ON041044 ON041060 ON099407 ON099416 ON083783 Present study
T. cervina Dai 22804 China ON041045 ON041061 — ON099417 ON083784 Present study
T. cervina Dai 23454 China ON041046 ON041062 — — ON083785 Present study
T. cervina He 6863 China ON041047 ON041063 ON099408 ON099418 ON083786 Present study
T. cervina MG 299 Iran KU213592 KU213594 — — — —
T. cervina TJV-93-216T USA JN165020 JN164796 JN164839 JN164877 JN164882 Justo and Hibbett (2011)
T. tasmanica Cui 16606 Australia ON041048 ON041064 ON099409 ON099419 ON083787 Present study
T. tasmanica Cui 16607 Australia ON041049 ON041065 ON099410 ON099420 ON083788 Present study

Newly generated sequences for this study are shown in bold.

Sequences were aligned with additional sequences downloaded from GenBank (Table 1) using ClustalX (Thompson et al. 1997). Alignment was manually adjusted to allow maximum alignment and to minimise gaps in BioEdit (Hall 1999). Sequence alignment was deposited to TreeBase (https://treebase.org/treebase-web; submission ID 29580). In phylogenetic reconstructions, the sequences of Phanerochaete albida Sheng H. Wu and P. alnea (Fr.) P. Karst. obtained from GenBank were used as outgroups. The reason for choosing these two species as outgroup taxa is that they belong to Phanerochaete in Phanerochaetaceae, and are closely related to Irpicaceae (Chen et al. 2021), which conforms to the outgroup selection rules. Furthermore, species of Phanerochaete were also selected as outgroups in other phylogenetic studies of Irpicaceae, such as in El-Gharabawy et al (2021).

Phylogenetic analyses approaches used in this study followed Sun et al. (2020) and Ji et al. (2022). The congruencies of the 2-gene (ITS and nLSU) and 5-gene (ITS, nLSU, RPB1, RPB2 and TEF1) were evaluated with the incongruence length difference (ILD) test (Farris et al. 1994) implemented in PAUP* 4.0b10 (Swofford 2002), under heuristic search and 1000 homogeneity replicates. Maximum parsimony (MP) analysis was performed in PAUP* version 4.0b10 (Swofford 2002). Clade robustness was assessed using a bootstrap (BT) analysis with 1000 replicates (Felsenstein 1985). Descriptive tree statistics tree length (TL), consistency index (CI), retention index (RI), rescaled consistency index (RC), and homoplasy index (HI) were calculated for each Most Parsimonious Tree (MPT) generated. Maximum Likelihood (ML) analysis was performed in RAxML-HPC v. 8.2.3 with a GTR+G+I model (Stamatakis 2014). Bayesian inference (BI) was calculated by MrBayes 3.1.2 (Ronquist and Huelsenbeck 2003) with a general time reversible (GTR) model of DNA substitution and a gamma distribution rate variation across sites determined by MrModeltest 2.3 (Posada and Crandall 1998; Nylander 2008). The branch support was evaluated with a bootstrapping method of 1000 replicates (Hillis and Bull 1993).

Trees were viewed in FigTree v1.4.4 (http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree/). Branches that received bootstrap supports for maximum parsimony (MP), maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP) greater than or equal to 75% (MP and ML) and 0.95 (BPP) were considered as significantly supported, respectively.

Results

Phylogeny

The combined 2-gene (ITS+nLSU) sequences dataset had an aligned length of 1893 characters, including gaps (619 characters for ITS, 1274 characters for nLSU), of which 1307 characters were constant, 105 were variable and parsimony-uninformative, and 481 were parsimony-informative. MP analysis yielded 26 equally parsimonious trees (TL = 2150, CI = 0.409, RI = 0.776, RC = 0.317, HI = 0.591). The best-fit evolutionary models applied in Bayesian analyses were selected by MrModeltest2 v. 2.3 for each region of the two genes, the model for ITS was GTR+I+G with equal frequency of nucleotides, while the model for nLSU was SYM+I+G with equal frequency of nucleotides. ML analysis resulted in a similar topology as MP and Bayesian analyses, and only the ML topology is shown in Fig. 1.

Figure 1. 

Maximum likelihood tree illustrating the phylogeny of Trametopsis based on the combined sequences dataset of ITS+nLSU. Branches are labelled with maximum likelihood bootstrap higher than 50%, parsimony bootstrap proportions higher than 50% and Bayesian posterior probabilities more than 0.90 respectively. Bold names = New species.

The combined 5-gene (ITS+nLSU+RPB1+RPB2+TEF1) sequences dataset had an aligned length of 4609 characters, including gaps (619 characters for ITS, 1274 characters for nLSU, 1170 characters for RPB1, 1001 characters for RPB2, 545 characters for TEF1), of which 2675 characters were constant, 272 were variable and parsimony-uninformative, and 1662 were parsimony-informative. MP analysis yielded 36 equally parsimonious trees (TL = 9247, CI = 0.362, RI = 0.652, RC = 0.236, HI = 0.638). The best-fit evolutionary models applied in Bayesian analyses were selected by MrModeltest2 v. 2.3 for each region of the two genes, the model for ITS, RPB1, RPB2 and TEF1was GTR+I+G with equal frequency of nucleotides, while the model for nLSU was SYM+I+G with equal frequency of nucleotides. ML analysis resulted in a similar topology as MP and Bayesian analyses, and only the ML topology is shown in Fig. 2.

Figure 2. 

Maximum likelihood tree illustrating the phylogeny of Trametopsis based on the combined sequences dataset of ITS+nLSU+RPB1+RPB2+TEF1. Branches are labelled with maximum likelihood bootstrap higher than 50%, parsimony bootstrap proportions higher than 50% and Bayesian posterior probabilities more than 0.90 respectively. Bold names = New species.

The phylogenetic trees inferred from ITS+nLSU and ITS+nLSU+RPB1+RPB2+TEF1 gene sequences were all obtained from 78 fungal samples representing 42 taxa of Irpicaceae and two taxa of Phanerochaetaceae within the phlebioid clade (Figs 1, 2). Phylogenetic analyses showed that Trametopsis abieticola, T. aborigena, T. brasiliensis, T. cervina and T. tasmanica grouped together within Trametopsis by high support (100% ML, 100% MP, 1.00 BPP; Figs 1, 2).

Taxonomy

Trametopsis abieticola B.K. Cui & Shun Liu, sp. nov.

MycoBank No: 844097
Figs 3, 4

Diagnosis

Trametopsis abieticola is distinguished from T. tasmanica by larger pores (0.5–1 per mm) and basidiospores (5.8–7.2 × 1.9–2.6 μm), and by being distributed in the high altitude of mountains and growing on Abies sp.

Holotype

China. Xizang Autonomous Region (Tibet), Mangkang County, Mangkang Mountain, on fallen trunk of Abies sp., 8 September 2020, Cui 18383 (holotype BJFC 035242).

Etymology

Abieticola (Lat.): referring to the species grows on Abies sp.

Fruiting body

Basidiomata annual, pileate, solitary or imbricate, soft corky to corky, without odour or taste when fresh, becoming corky and light in weight upon drying. Pilei applanate to flabelliform, projecting up to 9.5 cm long, 5.5 cm wide, and 2 cm thick at base. Pileal surface buff to buff-yellow when fresh, becoming pinkish buff to clay-buff when dry, strigose or glabrous; margin white to cream when fresh, becoming cream to buff-yellow when dry, obtuse to acute. Pore surface cream to buff when fresh, becoming pinkish buff to greyish brown upon drying; pores round to angular, 0.5–1 per mm; dissepiments slightly thick, entire to lacerate. Context corky, cream to buff yellow, up to 8 mm thick. Tubes concolorous with pore surface, corky, up to 7 mm long.

Figure 3. 

Basidiomata of Trametopsis abieticola (Holotype, Cui 18383). Scale bar: 3 cm.

Hyphal structure

Hyphal system monomitic in context, dimitic in trama; generative hyphae with clamp connections; skeletal hyphae IKI–, CB–; tissues unchanged in KOH.

Figure 4. 

Microscopic structures of Trametopsis abieticola (Holotype, Cui 18383) a basidiospores b basidia c basidioles d hyphae from trama e hyphae from context.

Context

Generative hyphae hyaline, thin- to slightly thick-walled, occasionally branched, loosely interwoven, 2.8–4.2 μm in diam.

Tubes

Generative hyphae frequent, hyaline, thin- to slightly thick-walled, occasionally branched, 1.8–3.5 μm in diam.; skeletal hyphae dominant, hyaline, thick-walled with a wide to narrow lumen, occasionally branched, more or less straight, interwoven, 2–4.5 μm in diam. Cystidia and cystidioles absent. Basidia clavate, bearing four sterigmata and a basal clamp connection, 17.8–22.5 × 4.3–5.5 µm; basidioles dominant, similar to basidia but smaller.

Spores

Basidiospores cylindrical, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, IKI–, CB–, (5.7–)5.8–7.2 × (1.8–)1.9–2.6(–2.8) μm, L = 6.57 μm, W = 2.22 μm, Q = 2.75–3.26 (n = 60/2).

Type of rot

White rot.

Additional specimen (paratype) examined

China. Sichuan Province, Yajiang County, Kangbahanzi Village, on fallen trunk of Abies sp., 7 September 2020, Cui 18363 (BJFC 035222).

Trametopsis tasmanica B.K. Cui & Shun Liu, sp. nov.

MycoBank No: 844098
Figs 5, 6

Diagnosis

Trametopsis tasmanica is distinguished from T. abieticola by resupinate basidiomata, smaller pores (2–4 per mm) and basidiospores (5.2–6.3 × 1.8–2.2 μm), and by growing on Eucalyptus sp.

Holotype

Australia. Tasmania, Hobart, Mount Wellington, on rotten wood of Eucalyptus sp., 13 May 2018, Cui 16606 (holotype BJFC 029905).

Etymology

Tasmanica (Lat.): referring to the species collected from Tasmania in Australia.

Fruiting body

Basidiomata annual, resupinate, not easily separated from the substrate, without odour or taste when fresh, becoming corky to fragile and light in weight upon drying; up to 5.5 cm long, 2 cm wide, and 7 mm thick at centre. Pore surface cream to pinkish-buff when fresh, becoming honey-yellow to snuff brown upon drying; pores round to angular, 2–4 per mm; dissepiments slightly thick, entire to lacerate. Context very thin, corky, cream to buff, up to 2 mm thick. Tubes concolorous with pore surface, corky, up to 4 mm long.

Figure 5. 

Trametopsis tasmanica (Holotype, Cui 16606 and paratype, Cui 16607). Scale bar: 1 cm.

Hyphal structure

Hyphal system monomitic in context, dimitic in trama; generative hyphae with clamp connections; skeletal hyphae IKI–, CB–; tissues unchanged in KOH.

Context

Generative hyphae hyaline, thin- to slightly thick-walled with a wide lumen, occasionally branched, loosely interwoven, 2.7–4 μm in diam.

Tubes

Generative hyphae frequent, hyaline, thin-walled, occasionally branched, 2–3 μm in diam.; skeletal hyphae dominant, hyaline, thick-walled with a wide to narrow lumen, occasionally branched, more or less straight, interwoven, 2–3.7 μm in diam. Cystidia and cystidioles absent. Basidia clavate, bearing four sterigmata and a basal clamp connection, 16–19.5 × 3.7–5 µm; basidioles dominant, similar to basidia but smaller.

Figure 6. 

Microscopic structures of Trametopsis tasmanica (Holotype, Cui 16606) a Basidiospores b Basidia c Basidioles d Hyphae from trama e Hyphae from context.

Spores

Basidiospores cylindrical, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, IKI–, CB–, (5–)5.2–6.3 × (1.7–)1.8–2.2(–2.4) μm, L = 5.84 μm, W = 2.02 μm, Q = 2.66–3.13 (n = 60/2).

Type of rot

White rot.

Additional specimen (paratype) examined

Australia. Tasmania, Hobart, Mount Wellington, on rotten branch of Eucalyptus sp., 13 May 2018, Cui 16607 (BJFC 029906).

Discussion

In this study, the phylogenetic analyses of Trametopsis and related genera are inferred from the combined datasets of ITS+nLSU sequences (Fig. 1) and ITS+nLSU+RPB1+RPB2+TEF1 sequences (Fig. 2). The genera; Raduliporus Spirin & Zmitr., Resiniporus Zmitr. and Trametopsis grouped together and formed a highly supported lineage (Figs 1 and 2), which was called the Trametopsis lineage by Chen et al. (2021). Morphologically, Raduliporus and Resiniporus differ from Trametopsis by having a monomitic hyphal system and ellipsoid basidiospores (Chen et al. 2021). Phylogenetically, T. abieticola and T. tasmanica clustered with other Trametopsis species (Figs 1, 2) with high supports (100% MP, 100% ML, 1.00 BPP; Figs 1, 2). The main morphological characters and ecological habits of species in Trametopsis are provided in Table 2. The geographical locations of the Trametopsis species distributed in the world are indicated on the map (Fig. 7).

Table 2.
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The main morphological characters and ecological habits of species in Trametopsis. New species are shown in bold.

Species name Distribution Climate zone Host Fruiting body Pores (per mm) Basidia (μm) Basidiospores (μm) References
Trametopsis abieticola Asia (China) Alpine plateau Gymnosperm (Abies) Pileate 0.5–1 17.8–22.5 × 4.3–5.5 5.8–7.2 × 1.9–2.6 Present study
T. aborigena South America (Argentina) Neotropical Angiosperm (Undetermined) Pileate, effused-reflexed or occasionally resupinate 1–3 19–22 × 5–6 5–7 × 1–2.5 Gómez-Montoya et al. (2017)
T. brasiliensis South America (Brazil) Neotropical Angiosperm (Dicotyledonous) Pileate 1–2 15–20 × 4–5 4.5–5.5 × 1.8–2.2 Ryvarden and Meijer (2002); Gómez-Montoya et al. (2017)
T. cervina Africa (Burundi, Rwanda, Tanzania), Asia (China, Iran), Europe (Austria, Belgium, Czech, France, Greece, Italy, Slovakia, Poland, Ukraine, Russia, etc.), and North America (Canada, USA) Alpine plateau, temperate to tropical Angiosperm (Acer, Alnus, Betula, Carpinus, Elaeocarpus, Fagus, Juglans, Liquidambar, Populus, Quercus, Salix, etc.); Gymnosperm (Larix, Pinus) Effused-reflexed to pileate or occasionally resupinate 2–4 20–25 × 5–7 6–9 × 2–3 Tomšovský (2008); Gómez-Montoya et al. (2017); present study
T. tasmanica Oceania (Australia) Temperate marine climate Angiosperm (Eucalyptus) Resupinate 2–4 16–19.5 × 3.7–5 5.2–6.3 × 1.8–2.2 Present study
Figure 7. 

The geographical locations of the Trametopsis species distributed in the world.

Trametopsis abieticola is distributed in high altitude areas of the Hengduan Mountains (altitude > 3500 m) and grows on Abies sp. In the phylogenetic trees, T. abieticola is closely related to T. tasmanica (Figs 1, 2). Morphologically, T. tasmanica differs from T. abieticola in having resupinate basidiomata, smaller pores (2–4 per mm) and basidiospores (5.2–6.3 × 1.8–2.2 μm), being distributed in Australia and growing on Eucalyptus sp. Trametopsis cervina can also distributed in high altitude areas of the Hengduan Mountains (according to our investigations), but T. cervina differs from T. abieticola by its smaller pores (2–4 per mm), longer basidiospores (6–9 × 2–3 μm; Tomšovský 2008), and usually growing on angiosperm trees. Trametopsis aborigena, T. brasiliensis and T. abieticola share an annual growth habit, a monomitic hyphal system in context, dimitic in trama and clamped generative hyphae; but T. aborigena differs from T. abieticola by having light pale brown to pale yellowish pileal surface with yellowish red to dark yellowish brown radial veins, smaller pores (1–3 per mm) and basidiospores (5–7 × 1–2 μm), and being distributed in neotropical regions of Argentina (Gómez-Montoya et al. 2017); T. brasiliensis differs from T. abieticola in having smaller pores (1–2 per mm) and basidiospores (4.5–5.5 × 1.8–2.2 μm), and being distributed in neotropical regions of Brazil (Gómez-Montoya et al. 2017).

Trametopsis tasmanica is distributed in Tasmania, Australia and grows on Eucalyptus sp. Before that, there was no report of Trametopsis in Oceania. Morphologically, T. tasmanica and T. cervina share similar-sized pores, but T. cervina differs from T. tasmanica by its pileate to effused-reflexed basidiomata, larger basidiospores (6–9 × 2–3 μm; Tomšovský 2008). Trametopsis aborigena, T. brasiliensis and T. tasmanica are only distributed in the southern hemisphere and grow on angiosperm trees. However, T. aborigena differs from T. tasmanica by having pileate, effused-reflexed to occasionally resupinate basidiomata, larger basidia (19–22 × 5–6 μm) and basidiospores (5–7 × 1–2.5 μm), and being distributed in neotropical regions of Argentina (Gómez-Montoya et al. 2017); T. brasiliensis differs from T. tasmanica in having pileate basidiomata, larger pores (1–2 per mm) and distributed in neotropical regions of Brazil (Gómez-Montoya et al. 2017).

In summary, we performed a taxonomic and phylogenetic study of Trametopsis. The concepts and species number of the Trametopsis are updated. So far, five species are accepted in the Trametopsis around the world. Currently, Trametopsis is characterised by an annual growth habit, effused-reflexed to pileate or resupinate, solitary or imbricate basidiomata, pinkish buff to cinnamon or clay-buff, zonate or azonate, glabrous or velutinate to strigose pileal surface, cream, pale yellow to greyish brown pore surface with round to angular, irregular, daedaleoid to irpicoid pores, a monomitic hyphal system in context, dimitic in trama, clamped generative hyphae, and allantoid to cylindrical basidiospores; it grows on different angiosperm and gymnosperm trees, causing white rot of wood (Tomšovský 2008; Gómez-Montoya et al. 2017).

Acknowledgements

We express our gratitude to Ms. Xing Ji (China) for help during field collections and molecular studies. Also to Drs. Genevieve Gates (Australia), Xiao-Lan He (China) and Hai-Xia Ma (China) for their assistance during field collections. The research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 31870008, U2003211, 31900017), Beijing Forestry University Outstanding Young Talent Cultivation Project (No. 2019JQ03016).

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