Research Article |
Corresponding author: Ying-Gao Liu ( lyg927@263.net ) Academic editor: Imke Schmitt
© 2019 Chun-Lin Yang, Xiu-Lan Xu, Dhanushka N. Wanasinghe, Rajesh Jeewon, Rungtiwa Phookamsak, Ying-Gao Liu, Li-Juan Liu, Kevin D. Hyde.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Yang C-L, Xu X-L, Wanasinghe DN, Jeewon R, Phookamsak R, Liu Y-G, Liu L-J, Hyde KD (2019) Neostagonosporella sichuanensis gen. et sp. nov. (Phaeosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales) on Phyllostachys heteroclada (Poaceae) from Sichuan Province, China. MycoKeys 46: 119-150. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.46.32458
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Neostagonosporella sichuanensis sp. nov. was found on Phyllostachys heteroclada collected from Sichuan Province in China and is introduced in a new genus Neostagonosporella gen. nov. in this paper. Evidence for the placement of the new taxon in the family Phaeosphaeriaceae is supported by morphology and phylogenetic analysis of a combined LSU, SSU, ITS and TEF 1-α DNA sequence dataset. Maximum-likelihood, maximum-parsimony and Bayesian inference phylogenetic analyses support Neostagonosporella as a distinct genus within this family. The new genus is compared with related genera of Phaeosphaeriaceae and full descriptions and illustrations are provided. Neostagonosporella is characterised by its unique suite of characters, such as multiloculate ascostromata and cylindrical to fusiform, transversely multiseptate, straight or curved ascospores, which are widest at the central cells. Conidiostromata are multiloculate, fusiform to long fusiform or rhomboid, with two types conidia; macroconidia vermiform or subcylindrical to cylindrical, transversely multiseptate, sometimes curved, almost equidistant between septa and microconidia oval, ellipsoidal or long ellipsoidal, aseptate, rounded at both ends. An updated phylogeny of the Phaeosphaeriaceae based on multigene analysis is provided.
2 new taxa, bambusicolous fungi, phylogeny, stem spot, taxonomy
The family Phaeosphaeriaceae is a large and important family of Pleosporales, initially introduced by
We are studying fungi on bamboo which is the main food for panda in Sichuan Province of China (
The specimens were collected from Ya’an City of Sichuan Province in China, on living to near dead stems and branches of Phyllostachys heteroclada. The samples were kept in Ziplock plastic bags and brought to the laboratory. Fresh materials were examined by using stereo and compound microscopes. Vertical free-hand sections were made by using a razor blade and placed on a droplet of sterilised water on a glass slide (
Single ascospore and conidium isolation was carried out following the method described by
Fungal isolates were grown on PDA for seven days at 25°C and genomic DNA was extracted from fresh mycelia, following the protocols of Plant Genomic DNA Kit (Tiangen, China). If cultures were unavailable, fungal DNA was directly extracted from fruiting tissues according to
Sequence data, mainly from recent publications (
Species | Strain/Voucher No. | GenBank Accession No. | Refferences | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LSU | SSU | ITS | TEF 1-α | |||
Acericola italica |
|
MF167429 | MF167430 | MF167428 | - |
|
Allophaeosphaeria muriformia |
|
KX910089 | KX950400 | KX926415 | - |
|
Allophaeosphaeria muriformia |
|
KP765681 | KP765682 | KP765680 | - |
|
Amarenographium ammophilae |
|
KU848197 | KU848198 | KU848196 | MG520894 |
|
Amarenomyces dactylidis |
|
KY775575 | - | KY775577 | - |
|
Ampelomyces quisqualis | CBS 131.31 | JX681066 | - | AF035781 | - |
|
Ampelomyces quisqualis | CBS 133.32 | JX681067 | - | - | - |
|
Banksiophoma australiensis | CBS 142163 | KY979794 | - | KY979739 | - |
|
Bhatiellae rosae |
|
MG828989 | MG829101 | MG828873 | - |
|
Boeremia exigua | CBS 431.74 | EU754183 | EU754084 | FJ427001 | GU349080 |
|
Camarosporioides phragmitis |
|
KX572345 | KX572350 | KX572340 | KX572354 |
|
Chaetosphaeronema achilleae |
|
KX765266 | - | KX765265 | - |
|
Chaetosphaeronema hispidulum | CBS 216.75 | KF251652 | EU754045 | KF251148 | - |
|
Cyclothyriella rubronotata | CBS 121892 | KX650541 | - | KX650541 | KX650516 |
|
Cyclothyriella rubronotata | CBS 141486 | KX650544 | KX650507 | KX650544 | KX650519 |
|
Dactylidina shoemakeri |
|
MG829003 | MG829114 | MG828887 | MG829200 |
|
Dematiopleospora cirsii |
|
KX274250 | - | KX274243 | KX284708 |
|
Dematiopleospora fusiformis |
|
KY239030 | KY239028 | KY239029 | - | Huang et al. 2018 |
Dematiopleospora mariae |
|
KJ749653 | KJ749652 | KJ749654 | KJ749655 |
|
Didymocyrtis caloplacae | CBS 129338 | JQ238643 | - | JQ238641 | - |
|
Didymocyrtis ficuzzae | CBS 128019 | JQ238616 | - | KP170647 | - |
|
Didymocyrtis xanthomendozae | CBS 129666 | JQ238634 | - | KP170651 | - |
|
Didymosphaeria rubi-ulmifolii |
|
KJ436585 | KJ436587 | - | - |
|
Didymosphaeria variabile | CBS 120014 | JX496139 | - | JX496026 | - |
|
Dlhawksworthia alliariae |
|
KX494877 | KX494878 | KX494876 | - |
|
Dlhawksworthia clematidicola |
|
MG829011 | MG829120 | MG828901 | MG829202 |
|
Dlhawksworthia lonicera |
|
MG829012 | MG829121 | MG828902 | MG829203 |
|
Dothidotthia aspera | CPC 12933 | EU673276 | EU673228 | - | - |
|
Dothidotthia symphoricarpi | CPC 12929 | EU673273 | EU673224 | - | - |
|
Edenia gomezpompae | AM04 | KM246015 | - | KM246160 | - |
|
Edenia gomezpompae | CBS 124106 | FJ839654 | - | FJ839619 | - |
|
Edenia sp. | UTHSC: DI16-264 | LN907407 | - | LT796858 | LT797098 |
|
Edenia sp. | UTHSC: DI16-260 | LN907403 | - | LT796855 | LT797095 |
|
Embarria clematidis |
|
KT306953 | KT306956 | KT306949 | - |
|
Embarria clematidis |
|
MG828987 | MG829099 | MG828871 | MG829194 |
|
Equiseticola fusispora |
|
KU987669 | KU987670 | KU987668 | MG520895 |
|
Foliophoma fallens | CBS 161.78 | GU238074 | GU238215 | KY929147 | - |
|
Foliophoma fallens | CBS 284.70 | GU238078 | GU238218 | KY929148 | - |
|
Galiicola pseudophaeosphaeria |
|
KT326693 | - | KT326692 | MG520896 |
|
Italica achilleae |
|
MG829013 | MG829122 | MG828903 | MG829204 |
|
Juncaceicola italica |
|
KX500107 | KX500108 | KX500110 | MG520897 |
|
Juncaceicola luzulae |
|
KX449530 | KX449531 | KX449529 | MG520898 |
|
Leptospora galii | KUMCC 15-0521 | KX599548 | KX599549 | KX599547 | MG520899 |
|
Leptospora rubella | CPC 11006 | DQ195792 | DQ195803 | DQ195780 | - |
|
Leptospora thailandica |
|
KX655549 | KX655554 | KX655559 | KX655564 |
|
Loratospora aestuarii | JK 5535B | GU301838 | GU296168 | - | - |
|
Melnikia anthoxanthii |
|
KU848204 | KU848205 | - | - |
|
"Muriphaeosphaeria" ambrosiae |
|
KX765264 | - | KX765267 | - |
|
Muriphaeosphaeria galatellae |
|
KT438329 | KT438331 | KT438333 | - |
|
Muriphaeosphaeria galatellae |
|
KT438330 | KT438332 | - | - |
|
Neocamarosporium lamiacearum |
|
MF434279 | MF434367 | MF434191 | MF434454 |
|
Neosetophoma clematidis |
|
KP684153 | KP684154 | KP744450 | - |
|
Neosetophoma rosae |
|
MG829035 | MG829141 | MG828926 | MG829219 |
|
Neosetophoma rosae |
|
MG829034 | MG829140 | MG828925 | MG829218 |
|
Neosphaerellopsis thailandica | CPC 21659 | KP170721 | - | KP170652 | - |
|
Neostagonospora arrhenatheri |
|
KX910091 | KX950402 | KX926417 | MG520901 |
|
Neostagonospora caricis | CBS 135092 | KF251667 | - | KF251163 | - |
|
Neostagonospora phragmitis |
|
KX910090 | KX950401 | KX926416 | MG520902 |
|
Neostagonosporella sichuanensis |
|
MH368073 | MH368079 | MH368088 | MK313851 | This study |
Neostagonosporella sichuanensis |
|
MH368074 | MH368080 | MH368089 | - | This study |
Neostagonosporella sichuanensis |
|
MH394690 | MH394687 | MK296469 | MK313854 | This study |
Neosulcatispora agaves | CPC 26407 | KT950867 | - | KT950853 | - |
|
Nodulosphaeria guttulatum |
|
KY496726 | KY501115 | KY496746 | KY514394 |
|
Nodulosphaeria multiseptata |
|
KY496728 | KY501116 | KY496748 | KY514396 |
|
Nodulosphaeria scabiosae |
|
KU708846 | KU708842 | KU708850 | KU708854 |
|
Ophiobolopsis italica |
|
MG520959 | MG520977 | MG520939 | MG520903 |
|
Ophiobolus artemisiae |
|
KT315509 | MG520979 | KT315508 | MG520905 |
|
Ophiobolus artemisiae |
|
MG520960 | MG520978 | MG520940 | MG520904 |
|
Ophiobolus disseminans |
|
MG520961 | MG520980 | MG520941 | MG520906 |
|
Ophiobolus italicus |
|
KY496727 | - | KY496747 | KY514395 |
|
Ophiobolus rossicus |
|
MG520964 | MG520983 | MG520944 | MG520909 |
|
Ophiobolus rudis | CBS 650.86 | GU301812 | AF164356 | KY090650 | GU349012 |
|
Ophiobolus senecionis |
|
KT728366 | - | KT728365 | - |
|
Ophiosimulans tanaceti |
|
KU738891 | KU738892 | KU738890 | MG520910 |
|
Ophiosphaerella agrostidis |
|
KM434281 | KM434290 | KM434271 | KM434299 |
|
Ophiosphaerella agrostidis |
|
KM434282 | KM434291 | KM434272 | KM434300 |
|
Ophiosphaerella aquatica |
|
KX767089 | KX767090 | KX767088 | MG520911 |
|
Paraleptosphaeria rubi |
|
KT454718 | KT454733 | KT454726 | - |
|
Paraophiobolus arundinis |
|
MG520965 | MG520984 | MG520945 | MG520912 |
|
Paraophiobolus plantaginis |
|
KY815010 | KY815012 | KY797641 | MG520913 |
|
Paraphoma chrysanthemicola | CBS 522.66 | GQ387582 | GQ387521 | KF251166 | - |
|
Paraphoma radicina | CBS 111.79 | KF251676 | EU754092 | KF251172 | - |
|
Parastagonospora dactylidis |
|
KU058722 | - | KU058712 | - |
|
Parastagonospora italica |
|
KU058724 | MG520985 | KU058714 | MG520915 |
|
Parastagonospora minima |
|
KU058723 | MG520986 | KU058713 | MG520916 |
|
Parastagonospora uniseptata |
|
KU058725 | MG520987 | KU058715 | MG520917 |
|
Parastagonosporella fallopiae | CBS 135981 | MH460545 | - | MH460543 | - |
|
Parastagonosporella fallopiae | CCTU 1151.1 | MH460546 | - | MH460544 | - |
|
Phaeopoacea festucae |
|
KY824767 | KY824769 | KY824766 | - |
|
Phaeopoacea phragmiticola | CBS 459.84 | KF251691 | KY090700 | KF251188 | - |
|
Phaeosphaeria acaciae |
|
KY768868 | KY768870 | KY768869 | - |
|
Phaeosphaeria chiangraina |
|
KM434280 | KM434289 | KM434270 | KM434298 |
|
Phaeosphaeria musae |
|
KM434278 | KM434288 | KM434268 | KM434297 |
|
Phaeosphaeria oryzae | CBS 110110 | KF251689 | GQ387530 | KF251186 | - |
|
Phaeosphaeria thysanolaenicola |
|
KM434276 | KM434286 | KM434266 | KM434295 |
|
Phaeosphaeriopsis dracaenicola |
|
KM434283 | KM434292 | KM434273 | KM434301 |
|
Phaeosphaeriopsis glaucopunctata |
|
KJ522477 | KJ522481 | KJ522473 | MG520918 |
|
Phaeosphaeriopsis triseptata |
|
KJ522479 | KJ522484 | KJ522475 | MG520919 |
|
Phoma herbarum | AFTOL-ID 1575 | DQ678066 | DQ678014 | - | DQ677909 |
|
Stemphylium vesicarium | CBS 191.86 | GU238160 | GU238232 | EF452449 | DQ471090 |
|
Stemphylium botryosum | CBS 714.68 | KC584345 | KC584603 | EF452450 | DQ677888 |
|
Poaceicola arundinis |
|
KX655548 | KX655553 | KX655558 | - |
|
Poaceicola arundinis |
|
MG829057 | MG829162 | MG828947 | MG829229 |
|
Poaceicola forlicesenica |
|
KX910095 | KX950406 | KX926422 | MG520922 |
|
Poaceicola garethjonesii |
|
KX954390 | KY205717 | KX926425 | MG520923 |
|
Populocrescentia ammophilae |
|
MG829059 | MG829164 | MG828949 | MG829231 |
|
Populocrescentia forlicesenensis |
|
KT306952 | KT306955 | KT306948 | MG520925 |
|
Populocrescentia rosae | TASM 6125 | MG829060 | MG829165 | - | MG829232 |
|
Pseudoophiobolus achilleae |
|
MG520966 | - | MG520946 | - |
|
Pseudoophiobolus galii |
|
MG520967 | MG520989 | MG520947 | MG520926 |
|
Pseudoophiobolus urticicola | KUMCC 17-0168 | MG520975 | MG520996 | MG520955 | MG520933 |
|
Pseudophaeosphaeria rubi |
|
KX765299 | KX765300 | KX765298 | - |
|
Pyrenochaeta nobilis | CBS 407.76 | DQ678096 | - | EU930011 | DQ677936 | Ferrer et al. 2006, |
Pyrenophora bromi | DAOM 127414 | JN940074 | JN940954 | JN943666 | - |
|
Pyrenophora dactylidis | DAOM 92161 | JN940087 | - | JN943667 | - |
|
Sclerostagonospora lathyri |
|
MG829066 | MG829170 | MG828955 | MG829235 |
|
Sclerostagonospora sp. | CBS 118152 | JX517292 | - | JX517283 | - |
|
Scolicosporium minkeviciusii |
|
KF366382 | KF366383 | - | - |
|
Septoriella phragmitis | CPC 24118 | KR873279 | - | KR873251 | - |
|
Setomelanomma holmii | CBS 110217 | GQ387633 | GQ387572 | KT389542 | GU349028 |
|
Setophoma chromolaena | CBS 135105 | KF251747 | - | KF251244 | - |
|
Setophoma sacchari | CBS 333.39 | GQ387586 | GQ387525 | KF251245 | - |
|
Setophoma sacchari |
|
KJ476147 | KJ476149 | KJ476145 | KJ461318 |
|
Setophoma sacchari |
|
KJ476146 | KJ476148 | KJ476144 | KJ461319 |
|
Setophoma vernoniae | CPC 23123 | KJ869198 | - | KJ869141 | - |
|
Staurosphaeria rhamnicola |
|
MF434288 | MF434376 | MF434200 | MF434462 |
|
Staurosphaeria rhamnicola |
|
MF434289 | MF434377 | MF434201 | MF434463 |
|
Sulcispora pleurospora | CBS 460.84 | - | - | AF439498 | - |
|
Sulcispora supratumida |
|
KP271444 | KP271445 | KP271443 | - |
|
Tintelnotia destructans | CBS 127737 | KY090664 | KY090698 | KY090652 | - | Ahmed et al. 2016 |
Tintelnotia opuntiae | CBS 376.91 | GU238123 | GU238226 | KY090651 | - |
|
Vagicola chlamydospora |
|
KU163654 | KU163655 | KU163658 | - |
|
Vrystaatia aloeicola | CBS 135107 | KF251781 | - | KF251278 | - |
|
Wojnowicia italica |
|
KX430001 | KX430002 | KX342923 | KX430003 |
|
Wojnowicia lonicerae |
|
KP684151 | KP684152 | KP744471 | - |
|
Wojnowiciella dactylidis |
|
KP684149 | KP684150 | KP744470 | - |
|
Wojnowiciella eucalypti | CPC 25024 | KR476774 | - | KR476741 | - |
|
Wojnowiciella spartii |
|
KU058729 | MG520998 | KU058719 | MG520937 |
|
Xenoseptoria neosaccardoi | CBS 120.43 | KF251783 | - | KF251280 | - |
|
Xenoseptoria neosaccardoi | CBS 128665 | KF251784 | - | KF251281 | - |
|
Yunnanensis phragmitis |
|
MF684863 | MF684867 | MF684862 | MF683624 |
|
Yunnanensis phragmitis |
|
MF684865 | MF684864 | MF684869 | - |
|
Maximum likelihood analysis was generated by using the CIPRES Science Gateway web server (
Bayesian inference analysis was conducted with MrBayes v. 3.2.2 (
The tree was made in FigTree v. 1.4.3 (
Notes. Ex-type strains are given in bold and the new species in this study is in red. “-” means that the sequence is missing or unavailable.
Abbreviations.AFTOL: Assembling the Fungal Tree of Life; CBS: Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands; CCTU: Culture Collection of Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran; CPC: Culture Collection of P.W. Crous; DAOM: Plant Research Institute, Department of Agriculture (Mycology), Ottawa, Canada; JK: J. Kohlmeyer; KUMCC: Kunming Institute of Botany Culture Collection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China;
In this phylogenetic analysis, we include all representative sequences of genera in Phaeosphaeriaceae and other representative genera and species in Pleosporineae and Massarineae. The final concatenated dataset containing 138 ingroup taxa within the suborder Pleosporineae, included 56 currently existing genera in Phaeosphaeriaceae, with 3559 characters including gaps (917 characters for LSU, 1046 for SSU, 681 for ITS and 915 for TEF 1-α). Single gene datasets of LSU, SSU, ITS and TEF 1-α were initially analysed and checked for topological congruence but these were not significantly different (data not shown). Support values of MP, ML and BI analyses (equal to or higher than 70% for MPBP and MLBP and 0.95 for BYPP) are shown in Fig.
Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis (RAxML) based on combined LSU, SSU, ITS and TEF 1-α sequenced data of taxa from the family Phaeosphaeriaceae and other representative species in Pleosporineae and Massarineae. The tree is rooted to Cyclothyriella rubronotata (CBS 121892), C. rubronotata (CBS 141486), Didymosphaeria rubi-ulmifolii (
The best scoring RAxML tree with the final optimisation had a likelihood value of -32702.569414. The matrix had 1387 distinct alignment patterns and 32.39% in this alignment is the gaps and completely undetermined characters. Estimated base frequencies were as follows: A=0.244424, C=0.233850, G=0.265929, T=0.255797, with substitution rates AC=1.171601, AG=2.805496, AT=2.145028, CG=0.771605, CT=6.035018 and GT=1.000000. The gamma distribution shape parameter α=0.167161 and the Tree-Length=5.334112. The maximum parsimony dataset consisted of 3559 characters, of which 2580 characters were constant, 217 were parsimony-uninformative and 762 were parsimony-informative. All characters were of type ‘unord’ with equal weight. The parsimony analysis resulted in a thousand equally most parsimonious trees with a length of 5829 steps (CI = 0.270, RI = 0.654, RC = 0.177, HI = 0.730). Bayesian posterior probabilities were determined by MCMC and the final average standard deviation of split frequencies was 0.009939.
Neostagonosporella sichuanensis clusters in the family Phaeosphaeriaceae with strong support (100% MLBP/100% MPBP/1.00 BYPP) and nucleotide sequences from all strains are the same and it confirms that our three collections are the same species. The multigene analyses show that N. sichuanensis is phylogenetically close to the genus Setophoma and Edenia and separated from the remaining genera of the family in a distinct clade with moderate bootstrap support.
Neostagonosporella sichuanensis C.L. Yang, X.L. Xu & K.D. Hyde
Name reflects the morphological similarity to the genus Stagonospora.
Parasitic on living to nearly dead stems and branches of bamboo. Sexual morph: Ascostromata coriaceous, visible as raised to superficial on host, gregarious, multi-loculate, ellipsoidal, globose to subglobose or irregular in shape, dark brown to black, glabrous. Locules globose to subglobose, with a centrally located ostiole, lacking periphyses. Peridium multi-layered, of brown to dark brown, pseudoparenchymatous cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising trabeculate, anastomosed pseudoparaphyses. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical to cylindric-clavate, short pedicellate, apically rounded with an ocular chamber. Ascospores overlapping bi-seriate, hyaline, cylindrical to fusiform, septate, smooth-walled, surrounded by a distinct mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph: Coelomycetous. Conidiostromata pycindial, coriaceous, superficial, dark brown to black, fusiform to long fusiform or rhomboid, multi-loculate, solitary, glabrous. Pycnidia globose to subglobose, ostiolate. Pycnidial wall comprising multi-layered, of dark brown to black, pseudoparenchymatous cells of textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells ampulliform to subcylindrical, smooth, hyaline, enteroblastic, phialidic, arising from inner layer of pycnidial wall. Macroconidia hyaline, subcylindrical to cylindrical, septate, nearly equidistant between septa, smooth-walled, sometimes surrounded by a mucilaginous sheath when immature. Microconidia hyaline, varied in shape, aseptate, smooth-walled, with small guttulate.
Stagonospora resembles Neostagonosporella in asexual status, but Stagonospora differs in having generally uni-loculate conidiomata, a thick-walled pycnidial wall, doliiform, holoblastic conidiogenous cells with several percurrent proliferations at the apex and mostly smooth to verruculose conidia (
Morphology | Neostagonosporella | Setophoma | Edenia |
---|---|---|---|
(Type: N. sichuanensis) | (Type: S. terrestris) | (Type: E. gomezpompae) | |
Ascostromata | Multi-loculate, globose to subglobose or irregular | Uni-loculate, globose | |
Locules | Globose to subglobose, with a central ostiole, lacking periphyses | Globose, with a central ostiole | |
Pseudoparaphyses | Narrow, septate, trabeculae, longer than asci | Broad, septate, prominently branched, constricted at septa, sometimes anastomosing | |
Asci | Cylindrical to cylindric-clavate, short-pedicellate | Cylindrical or subcylindrical, fasciculate, pedicellate | |
Ascospores | Bi-seriate, hyaline, cylindrical to fusiform, smooth-walled, transversely multi-septate | Uni- to multi-seriate, light brown or red brown, fusiform, sometimes verruculose, 2–3-septate | |
Conidiostromata | Multi-loculate | Uni-loculate | |
Pycnidia | Globose to subglobose, smooth, ostiolate | Globose to subglobose, setose, with papillate ostiolate | |
Conidia | Two types. Macroconidia subcylindrical to cylindrical, transversely multi-septate, hyaline. Microconidia oval, ellipsoidal or long ellipsoidal, aseptate, hyaline | One type. Ellipsoidal to subcylindrical to subfusoid, aseptate, hyaline | One type. Ellipsoidal or slightly narrowed at base, aseptate, subhyaline |
Others | On PDA, grey white, reverse dark brown. Hyphae developing by different angle branched and without forming rope-like strands | On PDA, iron-grey-olivaceous, reverse same. Hyphae undescribed | On PDA, pinkish-white, reverse reddish-brown, velvety to floccose. Hyphae frequently developing by 90° angle branched and forming rope-like strands |
References | This study |
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CHINA, Sichuan Province, Ya’an City, Yucheng District, Kongping Township, Alt. 1133 m, 29°50.14'N 103°03'E, on living to nearly dead branches of Phyllostachys heteroclada Oliv. (Poaceae), 8 April 2016, C.L. Yang and X.L. Xu, YCL201604001 (
in reference to Sichuan Province where the specimens were collected.
Associated with stem spot disease on living to nearly dead stems and branches of Phyllostachys heteroclada (Poaceae). Sexual morph: Ascostromata (0.5–) 1–2 (–4.5) × 0.8–1.3 mm long (x¯ = 1.9 × 1 mm, n = 50), 230–340 μm high (x¯ = 290 μm, n = 20), ellipsoidal, globose to subglobose or irregular in shape, immersed in host epidermis, becoming raised to superficial, coriaceous, solitary to gregarious, multi-loculate, erumpent through host tissue, with dark brown to black, glabrous, ostiole, usually generating subrhombic to rhombic pale yellow stripes at ascostromatal fringe. Locules 230–300 μm high (x¯ = 264 μm, n = 20), 330–460 μm diam. (x¯ = 393 μm, n = 20), clustered, gregarious, globose to subglobose, with a centrally located ostiole, lacking periphyses. Peridium 18–35 μm wide (x¯ = 27 μm, n = 20), composed of several layers of small, brown to dark brown pseudoparenchymatous cells of textura angularis, with inner hyaline layer, slightly thin at base, thick at sides towards apex, upper part fused with host tissue. Hamathecium composed of 1–2 μm (x¯ = 1.59 μm, n = 50) wide, filiform, septate, trabeculate, anastomosed pseudoparaphyses, embedded in a hyaline gelatinous matrix. Asci 90–125 × 12.5–14 μm (x¯ = 108.1 × 13.3 μm, n = 40), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical to cylindric-clavate, short pedicellate, 7.8–14 μm long (x¯ = 11 μm, n=20), apically rounded with an ocular chamber. Ascospores 30–35 × 6–7 μm (x¯ = 31.9 × 6.6 μm, n = 50), overlapping bi-seriate, hyaline, cylindrical to fusiform or subcylindric-clavate, with rounded to acute ends, narrower towards end cells, sometimes narrower at lower end cell, straight or slightly curved, 5–8 transversely septa, mostly 7-septate, slightly constricted at septa, nearly equidistant between septa, guttulate, smooth-walled, surrounded by a mucilaginous sheath, 5–9 μm thick (x¯ = 6.9 μm, n = 30). Asexual morph: Coelomycetous. Conidiostromata 9–13 × 1–2 mm long (x¯ = 11.2 × 1.6 mm, n = 10), 320–350 μm high (x¯ = 332 μm, n=10), fusiform to long fusiform or rhomboid, coriaceous, superficial, dark brown to black, multi-loculate, solitary, scattered, glabrous. Pycnidia 180–240 μm high (x¯ = 209 μm, n = 20), 170–240 μm diam. (x¯ = 210 μm, n = 20), globose to subglobose, ostiolate. Pycnidial wall 12–18 (–23) μm wide (x¯ = 15 μm, n = 20), comprising multi-layered, brown to dark brown pseudoparenchymatous cells, of textura angularis, paler towards inner layers, slightly thin at base, thick at sides towards apex, upper part fused with host tissue. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells 3–5.5 (–7) × 3–4 μm (x¯ = 4.17 × 3.29 μm, n = 20), ampulliform to subcylindrical, smooth, hyaline, enteroblastic, phialidic, formed from inner layer of pycnidial wall. Macroconidia (32.5–) 33.5–40 (–44) × (5–) 5.5–7 (–7.5) μm (x¯ = 37.5 × 6.2 μm, n = 40), subcylindrical to cylindrical, narrowly rounded at both ends, sometimes curved, 7–13 transversely septa, nearly equidistant between septa, hyaline, smooth-walled, guttulate, sometimes surrounded by a mucilaginous sheath when immature. Microconidia (3–) 3.5–4 (–5) × (1–) 1.5–2 (–3) μm (x¯ = 3.9 × 1.9 μm, n = 50), oval, ellipsoidal or elongate-ellipsoidal, aseptate, rounded at both ends, hyaline, smooth-walled, with small guttulate.
Neostagonosporella sichuanensis (
Neostagonosporella sichuanensis (
Culture characteristics. Ascospores germinating in sterilised water within 24 hours at 25°C, with germ tubes developed from each cell of ascospores, mostly from middle and end of spores. Colonies on PDA circular, with concentric circles, grey white in outer side, fawn in reverse side, grey in inner side, dark brown on back side. Conidial germination similar to ascospores. Conidiomata formed on PDA at 25°C after 75 days, pycnidial, solitary to gregarious, raised on agar, black dots, pyriform, globose to subglobose, or irregular, uniloculate, covered by white or grey hyphae. Conidia two types, macroconidia and microconidia and both longer than ones on host. Macroconidia (30–)40–48(–60.5) × (4–)5–6 μm (x¯ = 43.8 × 5.2 μm, n = 50), hyaline, 4–7-septate, occasionally 3-septate, hyaline. Microconidia (3.5–)4–6(–12) × (1–)1.5–2(–3) μm (x¯ = 5.3 × 1.9 μm, n = 50), aseptate, hyaline.
Neostagonosporella has a unique suite of characters that differentiate it from other genera in Phaeosphaeriaceae, such as multi-loculate ascostromata and trabeculate pseudoparaphyses. Trabeculate pseudoparaphyses have been shown to be uninformative at the higher taxonomic levels (
Species of Phaeosphaeriaceae have been found on various hosts and substrates, including plants, lichens, mushrooms, algae, human, soil and air (
Chun-Lin Yang thanks Ming Liu, Xue Wang and Ren-Hua Chen for their help and support in field sampling and laboratory work. K.D. Hyde would like to acknowledge The Thailand Research Fund, grant number: RDG6130001, Impact of climate change on fungal diversity and biogeography in the Greater Mekong Subregion.