Research Article |
Corresponding author: Xiao-Hong Ji ( xhji2010@163.com ) Corresponding author: Ping Du ( 843962006@qq.com ) Academic editor: Zai-Wei Ge
© 2018 Xiao-Hong Ji, Qian Chen, Genevieve Gates, Ping Du.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Ji X-H, Chen Q, Gates G, Du P (2018) Dentipellis tasmanica sp. nov. (Hericiaceae, Basidiomycota) from Australia. MycoKeys 41: 29-38. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.41.28485
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Dentipellis tasmanica sp. nov. is described and illustrated from Tasmania, Australia based on rDNA evidence and morphological characters. It is characterised by an annual growth habit; resupinate basidiocarps up to 100 cm long; spines cream when fresh and cinnamon when dry, up to 3 mm long and a few glued at tips when dry; distinct white fibrillous to cottony margin; a monomitic hyphal structure with non-amyloid, non-dextrinoid and cyanophilous generative hyphae; the presence of gloeoplerous hyphae and gloeocystidia which become dark blue in Melzer’s reagent; the presence of chlamydospores in the subiculum and rough basidiospores measuring 3.5–4.5 × 2.4–3.2 µm. A molecular study based on the combined ITS (internal transcribed spacer region) and 28S (the large nuclear ribosomal RNA subunit) dataset supports the new species in Dentipellis. A key to species of Dentipellis sensu stricto is provided.
hydnoid fungi, Russulales , taxonomy, wood-inhabiting fungi
Dentipellis Donk, typified by D. fragilis (Pers.) Donk, is a hydnaceous genus in the Russulales and is characterised by a wood-inhabiting resupinate fruiting body with soft spines, a monomitic hyphal structure with clamp connections on the generative hyphae and amyloid, rough basidiospores (
During a field trip to Tasmania, the island state of Australia, three wood-inhabiting specimens with soft spines were collected and, based on the morphological characters, they belong to Dentipellis. After phylogenetic analysis of ITS and 28S sequences and examination of the morphology in the laboratory, they turn out to represent a new species. This is so far the first species of Dentipellis found in the southern Hemisphere. In this paper, we present an illustrated description and an identification key to accepted species of Dentipellis worldwide.
Thin sections were studied microscopically according to
Abbreviations include:
IKI Melzer’s reagent,
IKI– negative in Melzer’s reagent,
IKI+ amyloid in Melzer’s reagent,
KOH 5% potassium hydroxide,
CB Cotton Blue,
CB+ cyanophilous,
CB– acyanophilous,
L mean spore length (arithmetic average of all spores),
W mean spore width (arithmetic average of all spores),
Q the L/W ratio,
n number of spores measured from the given number of specimens.
Colour terms follow
A CTAB rapid plant genome extraction kit (Aidlab Biotechnologies, Beijing) was used to obtain PCR products from dried specimens, according to the manufacturer’s instructions with some modifications (
New sequences, deposited in GenBank (Table
Species | Sample no. | Locality | GenBank accession no. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
ITS | nLSU | |||
Bondarzewia occidentalis | DAOM F-415 | Canada | DQ200923 | DQ234539 |
B. podocarpi | Dai 9261 | China | KJ583207 | KJ583221 |
Dentipellicula austroafricana | Dai 12580 | South Africa | KJ855274 | KJ855275 |
D. leptodon | GB 011123 | Uganda | EU118625 | EU118625 |
D. taiwaniana | Dai 10867 | China | JQ349115 | JQ349101 |
Cui 8346 | China | JQ349114 | JQ349100 | |
Dentipellis coniferarum | Cui 10063 | China | JQ349106 | JQ349092 |
Yuan 5623 | China | JQ349107 | JQ349093 | |
D. dissita | NH 6280 | Canada | AF506386 | AF506386 |
D. fragilis | Dai 12550 | China | JQ349110 | JQ349096 |
Dai 9009 | China | JQ349108 | JQ349094 | |
D. longiuscula | He 20120717-5 | China | KR108235 | KR108238 |
He 20120717-7 | China | KR108234 | KR108239 | |
D. microspora | Cui 10035 | China | JQ349112 | JQ349098 |
D. rhizomorpha | Dai 17474 | China | MG020134 | MG020137 |
Dai 17477 | China | MG020135 | MG020138 | |
Dai 17481 | China | MG020136 | MG020139 | |
D. tasmanica | Dai 18737 | China | MH571698 a | MH571701 a |
Dai 18767 | China | MH571699 a | MH571702 a | |
Dai 18768 | China | MH571700 a | MH571703 a | |
D. tropicalis | Cui 8545 | China | KR108236 | KR108240 |
He 1993 | China | KR108237 | KR108241 | |
Dentipellopsis dacrydicola | Dai 12004 | China | JQ349104 | JQ349089 |
D. dacrydicola | Dai 12010 | China | – | JQ349090 |
Hericium abietis | NH 6990 | Canada | AF506456 | AF506456 |
H. alpestre | NH 13240 | Russia | AF506457 | AF506457 |
H. americanum | DAOM F-21467 | Canada | AF506458 | AF506458 |
H. coralloides | NH 282 | Sweden | AF506459 | AF506459 |
H. erinaceus | NH 12163 | Russia | AF506460 | AF506460 |
Laxitextum bicolor | NH 5166 | Sweden | AF310102 | AF310102 |
Pseudowrightoporia japonica | Dai 7221 | China | FJ644289 | KM107882 |
Wrightoporiopsis biennis | Cui 8457 | China | KJ807066 | KJ807074 |
The method of phylogenetic analysis followed
MrModeltest 2.3 (
The combined ITS and 28S dataset included sequences from 31 fungal collections representing 22 species. The dataset had an aligned length of 1792 characters, of which 1218 characters are constant, 126 are variable and parsimony-uninformative and 448 (37%) are parsimony-informative. MP analysis yielded 2 equally parsimonious trees (TL = 1343, CI = 0. 653, RI = 0.793, RC = 0.518, HI = 0.347). The best-fit model for the combined ITS and 28S sequences dataset estimated and applied in the Bayesian analysis: GTR+I+G, lset nst = 6, rates = invgamma; prset statefreqpr = dirichlet (1,1,1,1). BIresulted in a similar topology with an average standard deviation of split frequencies = 0.006203 to MP analysis and, thus, only the MP tree was provided. Both BT values (≥50%) and BPPs (≥0.95) are shown at the nodes (Fig.
Three sampled specimens of the new species, Dentipellis tasmanica, formed a well-supported lineage (100% MP and 1 BPPs), indicating they are phylogenetically distinct from other species (Fig.
Differs from other Dentipellis species by its gloeoplerous hyphae and gloeocystidia that become dark blue in Melzer’s reagent and the presence of chlamydospores in subiculum.
Tasmanica (Lat.): referring to the species collected from Tasmania of Australia.
Annual, resupinate, inseparable from substratum, soft corky, without odour or taste when fresh, fragile upon drying, up to 100 cm long, 40 cm wide and 3.5 mm thick at centre. Hymenophore with spines, cream when fresh and cinnamon when dry, spines up to 3 mm long, 2–3 per mm across base, soft corky to fragile, a few glued at tips when dry; margin distinct, white, fibrillous to cottony, up to 5 mm wide; spines, cream, becoming fragile and clay-buff when dry, up to 3 mm long. Subiculum very thin, soft corky, white to cream, <1 mm thick.
Hyphal system monomitic; generative hyphae with clamp connections, IKI–, CB+; the colour and size unchanged in KOH.
Generative hyphae colourless, thin- to slightly thick-walled, frequently branched, flexuous, interwoven, 3–4.5 μm in diam. Gloeoplerous hyphae occasionally present, dark blue in Melzer’s reagent. Chlamydospores present, ellipsoid, thick-walled, 5–5.6 × 2.8–3.3 μm.
Generative hyphae colourless, thin-walled, frequently branched, straight, parallel along the spines, 2.8–4 μm in diam. Gloeocystidia abundant, colourless, thin- to slightly thick-walled, clavate, contents oily and dark blue in Melzer’s reagent, rooting deep from the trama, up to a few hundred microns long, the cystidia-like apical part 30–45 × 5–8 μm. Oily material abundant amongst trama.
Cystidioles colorless, thin-walled, ventricose with elongated apical portion, bearing some irregular crystals, 30–45 × 5–8 μm; basidia clavate with four sterigmata and a basal clamp connection, 20–26 × 3–4.5 μm. Basidiospores ellipsoid, coloruless, thin-walled, densely echinulate, IKI+, CB+, (3.4–)3.5–4.5(–4.8) × 2.4–3.2(–3.5) μm, L = 3.99 μm, W = 2.92 μm, Q = 1.36–1.39 (n = 90/3).
AUSTRALIA. Tasmania: Arve River Streamside Reserve, on fallen trunk of Nothofagus sp., 15 May 2018, Dai 18768 (M, duplicate in BJFC; ITS GenBank accession number: MH571700, 28S GenBank accession number: MH571703); Mt Field National Park, 42°41'S, 146°42'E, elev., 180 m, on fallen trunk of Nothofagus sp., 14 May 2018, Dai 18737 (M, duplicate in BJFC; ITS GenBank accession number: MH571698, 28S GenBank accession number: MH571701).
Strict consensus tree illustrating the phylogenetic position of Dentipellis tasmanica, generated by the maximum parsimony method based on ITS+28S sequence data. Branches are labelled with parsimony bootstrap values ≥50% and Bayesian posterior probabilities ≥0.95. Bondarzewia podocarpi and B. occidentalis are used to root the tree. Branch lengths reflect expected changes per site as indicated by the scale.
Morphologically, Dentipellis tasmanica is characterised by spines, cream when fresh; distinct white fibrillous to cottony margin; a monomitic hyphal structure with generative hyphae bearing clamp connections; the presence of gloeoplerous hyphae and gloeocystidia which become dark blue in Melzer’s reagent and presence of chlamydospores in the subiculum. Phylogenetically, three samples of D. tasmanica formed a distinct lineage with strong support (100 % MP, 1.0 BPPs) and are distant from other taxa (Fig.
Dentipellis tasmanica was considered as Dentipellicula leptodon (Mont.) Y.C. Dai & L.W. Zhou (
Phylogenetically, Dentipellis tasmanica is more closely related to D. rhizomorpha Yuan & Y.C. Dai, D. fragilis, D. dissita and D. longiuscula (Fig.
1 | Gloeoplerous hyphae absent | 2 |
– | Gloeoplerous hyphae present | 5 |
2 | Basidiospores <5 μm long | 3 |
– | Basidiospores ≥5 μm long | 4 |
3 | Basidiospores <3.2 µm long, <2.2 µm wide- | D. microspora |
– | Basidiospores >3.2 µm long, >2.2 µm wide- | D. rhizomorpha |
4 | Gloeocystidia absent | D. longiuscula |
– | Gloeocystidia present | D. tropicalis |
5 | Basidiocarps becoming brown when bruised | D. coniferarum |
– | Basidiocarps unchanged when bruised | 6 |
6 | Gloeocystidia absent | D. ohiensis |
– | Gloeocystidia present | 7 |
7 | Gloeocystidia dark blue in IKI, basidiospores <3.2 μm wide | D. tasmanica |
– | Gloeocystidia yellowish in IKI, basidiospores >3.2 μm wide | 8 |
8 | Basidiospores 5–5.8 × 4.1–4.9 μm | D. fragilis |
– | Basidiospores 4.2–4.7 × 3.2–3.7 μm | D. dissita |
We would like to express our deep thanks to Prof. Yu-Cheng Dai (Beijing Forestry University) who allowed us to study his specimens. The research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project No. 31750001).