Research Article |
Corresponding author: Shuang-Hui He ( heshuanghui@bjfu.edu.cn ) Corresponding author: Yu-Cheng Dai ( yuchengdai@bjfu.edu.cn ) Academic editor: Bryn Dentinger
© 2018 Shi-Liang Liu, Karen K. Nakasone, Sheng-Hua Wu, Shuang-Hui He, Yu-Cheng Dai.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Liu S-L, Nakasone KK, Wu S-H, He S-H, Dai Y-C (2018) Taxonomy and phylogeny of Lopharia s.s., Dendrodontia, Dentocorticium and Fuscocerrena (Basidiomycota, Polyporales). MycoKeys 32: 25-48. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.32.23641
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Eleven taxa of Lopharia s.s., Dendrodontia, Dentocorticium and Fuscocerrena in Polyporales are included in the phylogenetic analyses of nuc rDNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS), D1-D2 domains of nuc 28S rDNA (28S) and RNA polymerase II second-largest subunit (rpb2) sequences. New species Lopharia resupinata and L. sinensis are described and illustrated. Lopharia resupinata, from south-eastern China, is closely related to L. ayresii, and L. sinensis, from northern China, is related to L. cinerascens and L. mirabilis. Lopharia mirabilis specimens from temperate to tropical areas with varied hymenophore configurations all cluster together in a fully supported clade. Dendrodontia and Fuscocerrena are shown to be synonyms of Dentocorticium, which is phylogenetically related to Lopharia. Four new combinations, Dentocorticium bicolor, D. hyphopaxillosum, D. portoricense and D. taiwanianum, are proposed. Revised generic descriptions of Lopharia and Dentocorticium are provided with keys to the six accepted species in each genus. A list of all names in Lopharia and Dentocorticium are presented with their current taxonomic status. Type specimens of Dentocorticium brasiliense and D. irregulare were examined and determined to be later synonyms of Punctularia subhepatica and Diplomitoporus daedaleiformis, respectively.
Corticioid fungi, dendrohyphidia, species complex, wood-inhabiting fungi
The genus Lopharia s.s., typified by L. lirellosa Kalchbr. & MacOwan (= Radulum mirabile Berk. & Broome), is characterised by a dimitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae, large basidia and basidiospores and large, encrusted, hyaline, thick-walled cystidia (
Dentocorticium (Parmasto) M.J. Larsen & Gilb. was segregated from Laeticorticium Donk to accommodate L. ussuricum Parmasto (generic type) and Hydnum sulphurellum Peck (
Dendrodontia Hjortstam & Ryvarden (generic type Grandinia bicolor P.H.B. Talbot) is similar to Dentocorticium in possessing tuberculate to odontoid hymenophore, dendrohyphidia and thin-walled smooth basidiospores, but differs by its dimitic hyphal system with brown skeletal hyphae (
Morphologically, Lopharia s.s. is distinct from Dentocorticium and Dendrodontia but are phylogenetically closely related as shown in phylogenetic studies based on two to six taxa (
Morphological studies. Voucher specimens are deposited in the herbarium of Beijing Forestry University (BJFC), the National Museum of Natural Science in Taiwan (TNM) and the Centre for Forest Mycology Research (CFMR). Samples for microscopic examination were mounted in 0.2 % cotton blue in lactic acid, 1 % phloxine and Melzer’s reagent. The following abbreviations are used: L = mean spore length, W = mean spore width, Q = L/W ratio, n (a/b) = number of spores (a) measured from given number of specimens (b). Colour codes and names follow
DNA extraction and sequencing. A CTAB plant genome rapid extraction kit-DN14 (Aidlab Biotechnologies Co. Ltd, Beijing) was employed for DNA extraction and PCR amplification from dried specimens. The ITS, 28S and rpb2 gene regions were amplified with the primer pairs ITS5 and ITS4 (
Species and sequences used in the phylogenetic analyses. Newly generated sequences are set in bold.
Taxa | Voucher | Locality | ITS | 28S | rpb2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amauroderma rugosum | ML 56 | Japan | AB509712 | AB368061 | AB368119 |
Boletopsis leucomelaena | AFTOL 1527 | USA | DQ484064 | DQ154112 | GU187820 |
Climacodon septentrionalis | AFTOL 767 | USA | AY854082 | AY684165 | AY780941 |
Coriolopsis gallica | RLG-7630-Sp | USA | JN165013 | JN164814 | JN164821 |
Coriolopsis trogii | RLG-4826-Sp | USA | JN164993 | JN164808 | JN164867 |
Daedaleopsis confragosa | WD 747 | Japan | GU731549 | AB368062 | AB368120 |
Datronia mollis | RLG-6304-Sp | USA | JN165002 | JN164791 | JN164872 |
Datronia scutellata | RLG-9584-T | USA | JN165004 | JN164792 | JN164873 |
Dendrocorticium bicolor | He 2772 | China | MF626354 | MF626378 | – |
Dendrocorticium bicolor | He 2757 | China | MF626355 | MF626379 | – |
Dendrocorticium portoricense | He 2161 | USA | MF626356 | MF626380 | MF626397 |
Dendrocorticium portoricense | He 2202 | USA | MF626357 | MF626381 | – |
Dendrocorticium taiwanianum | He 3383 | China | MF626361 | MF626385 | – |
Dendrocorticium taiwanianum | He 4615 | China | MF626362 | MF626386 | – |
Dendrocorticium taiwanianum | He 3777 | China | – | MF626388 | – |
Dendrocorticium taiwanianum | Wu 9907-1 (type) | China | MF626363 | MF626387 | – |
Dendrocorticium ussuricum | He 3322 | China | MF626360 | MF626384 | MF626399 |
Dendrocorticium ussuricum | He 3278 | China | MF626358 | MF626382 | – |
Dendrocorticium ussuricum | He 3294 | China | MF626359 | MF626383 | MF626398 |
Dentocorticium sulphurellum | T 609 | Canada | JN165015 | JN164815 | JN164875 |
Earliella scabrosa | PR 1209 | Puerto Rico | JN165009 | JN164793 | JN164866 |
Fomitopsis pinicola | AFTOL 770 | USA | AY854083 | AY684164 | AY786056 |
Ganoderma lucidum | WD 565 | Japan | EU021460 | AB368068 | AB368126 |
Ganoderma tsugae | AFTOL 771 | USA | DQ206985 | AY684163 | DQ408116 |
Grifola sordulenta | AFTOL 562 | USA | AY854085 | AY645050 | AY786058 |
Hydnellum geogenium | AFTOL 680 | USA | DQ218304 | AY631900 | DQ408133 |
Irpex lacteus | TM 03-480 | Japan | AB079264 | EU522839 | DQ408117 |
Lentinus squarrosulus | WD 1729 | Japan | GU001951 | AB368071 | AB368129 |
Lentinus tigrinus | MUCL 22821 | Japan | AF516520 | AB368072 | AB368130 |
Lenzites betulinus | AJ 150 | USA | JN164915 | – | – |
Lopharia ayresii | He 20120724-4 | China | MF626352 | MF626375 | – |
Lopharia ayresii | He 2778 | China | MF626353 | MF626376 | – |
Lopharia cinerascens | He 2188 | USA | MF626350 | MF626373 | MF626395 |
Lopharia cinerascens | He 2228 | USA | MF626351 | MF626374 | – |
Lopharia resupinata | He 4401 (type) | China | – | MF626377 | MF626396 |
Lopharia mirabilis | Dai 5147 | China | MF626342 | MF626365 | MF626389 |
Lopharia mirabilis | Yuan 2532 | China | MF626343 | MF626366 | MF626390 |
Lopharia mirabilis | Dai 5598 | China | MF626341 | MF626364 | – |
Lopharia mirabilis | He 4558 | China | MF626344 | MF626367 | – |
Lopharia mirabilis | Dai 14978 | China | MF626345 | MF626368 | MF626391 |
Lopharia mirabilis | Dai 13722 | China | MF626346 | MF626369 | MF626392 |
Lopharia sinensis | He 2428 (type) | China | MF626347 | MF626370 | MF626393 |
Lopharia sinensis | He 2510 | China | MF626348 | MF626371 | MF626394 |
Lopharia sinensis | He 2424 | China | MF626349 | MF626372 | – |
Lopharia sp. | FP-105043 | USA | JN165019 | JN164813 | JN164874 |
Phanerochaete chrysosporium | FPL 5175 | USA | AF854086 | AF287883 | – |
Phlebia radiata | FPL 6140 | USA | AY854087 | AF287885 | AY218502 |
Polyporus squamosus | AFTOL 704 | USA | DQ267123 | AY629320 | DQ408120 |
Polyporus umbellatus | WD 719 | Japan | EU442276 | AB368109 | AB368166 |
Pseudofavolus cucullatus | WD 2157 | Japan | AF516601 | AB368114 | AB368170 |
Pycnoporus sanguineus | PR-SC-95 | Puerto Rico | JN164982 | JN164795 | JN164858 |
Pycnoporus cinnabarinus | ZW 02-30 | China | DQ411525 | AY684160 | DQ408121 |
Trametes ectypa | FP-106037-T | USA | JN164929 | JN164803 | JN164848 |
Trametes hirsuta | RLG-5133-T | USA | JN164941 | JN164801 | JN164854 |
Trametes versicolor | FP-135156-Sp | USA | JN164919 | JN164809 | JN164850 |
Trametopsis cervina | TJV-93-216-Sp | USA | JN165020 | JN164796 | JN164877 |
Phylogenetic analyses. The molecular phylogeny used a combined dataset of ITS, 28S and rpb2 sequences.
Maximum Likelihood (ML), Maximum Parsimony (MP) and Bayesian Inference (BI) analyses were performed by using RAxML 7.2.6 (
The ITS-28S-rpb2 sequences dataset contained 54 ITS, 55 nuc 28S and 40 rpb2 sequences from 56 samples representing 38 ingroup and 2 outgroup taxa (Table
Distinguished from other Lopharia species by its resupinate basidiocarps, a densely compact texture, a monomitic hyphal system and small basidiospores 7–9(–10) × 4–5 µm.
CHINA. Jiangxi Province: Anyuan County, Sanbaishan Forest Park, on fallen angiosperm branch, 15 Aug. 2016, He 4401 (holotype, BJFC 023842!).
Annual, resupinate, adnate, ceraceous, hygrophanous, not separable from the substrate when fresh, becoming crustaceous, brittle and easily detached from substrate upon drying, first as small patches, later confluent up to 20 cm long, 2.5 cm wide, up to 400 µm thick. Hymenophore smooth, under a lens pilose from projecting cystidia, pale orange (6A3), orange grey (6B2) to greyish-orange (6B3) when fresh, becoming brownish-orange [6C(2–4)] to light brown [6D(4–5)] upon drying, uncracked; margin abrupt, concolorous when fresh, reflexed and incurved upon drying, abhymenial surface white (6A1).
Hyphal system monomitic, generative hyphae with clamp connections. Subiculum thin, with numerous small crystals; hyphae hyaline, thin- to slightly thick-walled, moderately septate and branched, interwoven, 2–3.5 µm in diam. Subhymenium thickening, up to 300 µm thick; hyphae hyaline, slightly thick-walled, vertically arranged, densely agglutinated, 2–4 µm in diam. Lamprocystidia abundant, arising from subhymenium, subulate, heavily encrusted with crystals, distinctly thick-walled, embedded in subhymenium or exerted, 80–150 × 10–20 µm. Basidia clavate, with a basal clamp connection and four sterigmata, 50–65 × 8–10 µm; basidioles dominating in hymenium, similar to basidia but smaller. Basidiospores ellipsoid, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, containing a large guttule, IKI–, CB–, 7–9(–10) × 4–5 µm, L = 7.9 µm, W = 4.4 µm, Q = 1.81 (n = 30/1).
Lopharia resupinata, like L. ayresii, has a resupinate habit, a monomitic hyphal system and a densely compact texture. Lopharia ayresii (Fig.
Differs from L. cinerascens by its ellipsoid basidiospores and long, projecting cystidia. Known only from northern China.
CHINA. Ningxia Autonomous Region: Jingyuan County, Liupanshan Forest Park, on dead angiosperm branch, 4 Aug. 2015, He 2428 (holotype, BJFC 020881!).
“sinensis” (Lat.) refers to the type locality in China.
Annual, effused to effused-reflexed, adnate, coriaceous, first as small patches, later confluent, effused part up to 8 cm long, 2.5 cm wide, up to 1 mm thick, pilei projecting up to 1 cm, 3 cm wide. Abhymenial surface tomentose to glabrous, greyish-orange (6B3) to brownish-grey [6D(2–4)]. Hymenophore smooth, greyish-orange (6B3), greyish-brown (6D3) to light brown [6D(4–6)], uncracked; margin thinning out, lighter than hymenophore surface, up to 1.5 mm wide, becoming indistinct and concolorous with age.
Hyphal system dimitic, generative hyphae with clamp connections. Cortex and tomentum present. Subiculum well developed, hyphae more or less regularly arranged, interwoven. Skeletal hyphae dominant, thick-walled, pale yellow, unbranched and septate, flexuous, 3–6 µm in diam. Generative hyphae hyaline, thin- to slightly thick-walled, rarely branched and septate, 2–4 µm in diam. Lamprocystidia abundant, large, subulate, distinctly thick-walled, arising from subhymenium, 100–280 × 8–20 µm, projecting up to 200 µm beyond hymenium. Basidia clavate, with a basal clamp and four sterigmata, 45–70 × 9–13 µm; basidioles dominating in hymenium, in shape similar to basidia, but smaller. Basidiospores ellipsoid, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, containing a large guttule, IKI–, CB–, 11–14 × (6–)6.5–8 µm, L = 12.6 µm, W = 7.1 µm, Q = 1.75–1.79 (n = 60/2).
CHINA. Gansu Province: Pingliang County, Kongtongshan Forest park, on fallen trunk of Euonymus maackii, 3 Aug 2015, He 2401 (BJFC 020855); on dead angiosperm branch, 3 Aug 2015, He 2408 (BJFC 020862); Tianshui County, Dangchuan Forest Farm, on construction wood, 8 Aug 2015, He 2510 (BJFC 020963). Hebei Province: Xinglong County, Wulingshan Nature Reserve, on fallen angiosperm branch, 2 Sep 2017, He 5005 (BJFC). Ningxia Autonomous Region: Jingyuan County, Liupanshan Forest Park, on dead angiosperm trunk, 4 Aug 2015, He 2424 (BJFC 020877) & He 2438 (BJFC 020891).
Lopharia sinensis belongs to the L. cinerascens clade (Fig.
Six species of Lopharia, L. ayresii, L. cinerascens, L. resupinata, L. mirabilis, L. sinensis and Lopharia sp. (FP-105043) are included in a fully supported monophyletic clade (Fig.
Lopharia cinerascens is a cosmopolitan species in temperate to subtropical areas (
Lopharia ayresii nests within the Lopharia clade and forms with L. resupinata a strongly supported lineage sister to the L. mirabilis group (Fig.
It is still premature to make a conclusion about the distribution of Lopharia species with present data. Three species, L. pseudocinerascens, L. sinensis and L. resupinata, have been found from the type localities only (
Basidiocarps annual, effused, effused-reflexed or pileate, crustaceous, coriaceous or corky. Pilei tomentose to glabrous. Hymenophore surface smooth, tuberculate, odontoid, irpicoid to semiporoid, cream, greyish-brown to light brown. Hyphal system monomitic or dimitic; generative hyphae with clamp connections. Lamprocystidia metuloid, large, subulate, hyaline, distinctly thick-walled. Dendrohyphidia absent, simple hyphidia hyphoid, thin-walled, hyaline. Basidia clavate with 4 sterigmata, large (> 50 µm long). Basidiospores ellipsoid to cylindrical, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, negative in Melzer’s reagent, acyanophilous.
Lopharia mirabilis (Berk. & Broome) Pat., Bulletin de la Société Mycologique de France 11: 14, 1895.
1 | Hymenophore tuberculate, odontoid, irpicoid to subporoid | L. mirabilis |
– | Hymenophore smooth or slightly tuberculate | 2 |
2 | Basidiocarps effused-reflexed to pileate; hyphal system dimitic | 3 |
– | Basidiocarps resupinate; hyphal system monomitic | 6 |
3 | Basidiospores 4.5–6.5 µm wide; reported from Africa | L. pseudocinerascens |
– | Basidiospores 6.5–8 µm wide | 4 |
4 | From Taiwan | L. mirabilis |
– | From elsewhere | 5 |
5 | Cystidia projecting up to 70 µm; basidiospores Q value > 1.9; from northern United States | L. cinerascens |
– | Cystidia projecting up to 200 µm; basidiospores Q value < 1.9; from northern China | L. sinensis |
6 | Basidiospores > 10 µm long | L. ayresii |
– | Basidiospores < 10 µm long | L. resupinata |
The list by species epithet is obtained from Index Fungorum (http://www.indexfungorum.org, 25 Sep. 2017). If a name is accepted, a direct statement is made with supporting evidence cited. Note that Miettinen et al. (2017: 26) consider Hjortstamia Boidin & Gilles to be a synonym of Phlebiopsis based on molecular and morphological criteria.
abietina (Pers.) Z.S. Bi & G.Y. Zheng, [Macrofungus flora of the mountainous district of North Guangdong]: 62 (1990). Accepted as Veluticeps abietina (Pers.) Hjortstam & Tellería. Supported by ITS (
albida Rick, Brotéria, Ci. Nat. 7: 13 (1938). An unidentifiable species of Hyphodontia as reported by
americana Rick, Egatea 13: 435 (1928).
amethystea (Hjortstam & Ryvarden) A.L. Welden, Flora Neotropica Monograph 106: 70 (2010). = Hjortstamia amethystea (Hjortstam & Ryvarden) Boidin & Gilles.
areolata G. Cunn., Bull. New Zealand Dept. Sci. Industr. Res. 145: 331 (1963). = Phanerochaete areolata (G.H. Cunn.) Hjortstam & Ryvarden.
ayresii (Berk. ex Cooke) Hjortstam, Mycotaxon 54: 188 (1995). Accepted in Lopharia and supported by phylogenetic analyses (fig. 1 herein). The type (Kew 35450, Mauritius, P.B. Ayres) was examined.
bambusae Rick, Iheringia 7: 199 (1960). Accepted as a synonym of Fomitiporia bambusarum (Rick) Campos-Santana & Decock.
cheesmanii (Wakef.) G. Cunn., Bull. New Zealand Dept. Sci. Industr. Res. 145: 195 (1963). Accepted as a synonym of Laurilia sulcata (Burt) Pouzar as proposed by
cinerascens (Schwein.) G. Cunn., Trans. Roy. Soc. New Zealand 83: 622 (1956). Accepted in Lopharia and supported by phylogenetic analyses (fig. 1 herein).
crassa (Lév.) Boidin, Bull. Trimestriel Soc. Mycol. France 74: 479 (1959). Accepted as Phlebiopsis crassa (Lév.) Floudas & Hibbett and supported by multi-gene phylogenetic analyses; see (
cystidiosa (Rehill & B.K. Bakshi) Boidin, Rev. Mycol. (Paris) 34: 191 (1969). = Porostereum cystidiosum (Rehill & B.K. Bakshi) Hjortstam & Ryvarden.
dregeana (Berk.) P.H.B Talbot, Bothalia 6: 57 (1951). = Australohydnum dregeanum (Berk.) Hjortstam & Ryvarden.
fulva (Lév.) Boidin, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon 28: 213 (1959). Accepted as Porostereum fulvum (Lév.) Boidin & Gilles. Although considered a synonym of P. spadiceum by
heterospora (Burt) D.A. Reid, Rev. Mycol. (Paris) 33: 251 (1969). Accepted as a synonym of Dendrophora albobadia (Schwein.) Chamuris.
involuta (Klotzsch) G. Cunn., Bull. New Zealand Dept. Sci. Industr. Res. 145: 194 (1963). = Podoscyha involuta (Klotzsch) Imazeki. In a phylogenetic study of stipitate stereoid fungi,
javanica Henn. & E. Nyman, Monsunia 1: 144 (1900) [1899]. A possible synonym of L. mirabilis (
lilacina (Berk. & Broome) A.L. Welden, Flora Neotropica Monograph 106: 71 (2010). = Porostereum lilacinum (Berk. & Broome) Hjortstam & Ryvarden.
lirellosa Kalchbr. & MacOwan, in Kalchbrenner, Grevillea 10 (54): 58 (1881). Accepted as a synonym of L. mirabilis as proposed by
mexicana A.L. Welden, Tulane Stud. Zool. Bot. 17: 19 (1971). = Hjortstamia mexicana (A.L. Welden) Boidin & Gilles.
mirabilis (Berk. & Broome) Pat., Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 11: 14 (1895). Type species of Lopharia.
novae-granata A.L. Welden, Mycologia 67: 540 (1975). = Hjortstamia novae-granata (Welden) Hjortstam & Ryvarden.
ochracea G. Cunn., Bull. New Zealand Dept. Sci. Industr. Res. 145: 196 (1963). Accepted as Amylostereum areolatum (Fr.) Boidin based on basidiospore size (Thomsen, 1998) and its occurrence in New Zealand (
papyracea (Bres.) D.A. Reid, Kew Bull. 12: 131 (1957). Accepted as Phlebiopsis friesii (Lév.) Spirin & Miettinen. Originally published as L. papyracea (Jungh.) D.A. Reid. Lloydella papyracea Bres. 1910 is the replacement name for Thelephora papyracea Jungh. which is a later homonym of T. papyracea Schrader ex J.F. Gmelin 1792.
papyrina (Mont.) Boidin, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon 28: 210 (1959). Accepted as Phlebiopsis papyrina (Mont.) Miettinen & Spirin.
perplexa D.A. Reid, Kew Bull. 17: 297 (1963). = Hjortstamia perplexum (D.A. Reid) Boidin & Gilles.
phellodendri (Pilát) Boidin, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon 28: 207 (1959). = Porostereum phellodendri Pilát, type of Porostereum. A possible synonym of P. fulva (Boidin and Gilles, 2002: 108) or P. spadiceum (Hjortstam & Ryvarden, 1990: 62). See discussion under L. fulva.
pilosiuscula (Hjortstam & Ryvarden) A.L. Welden, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 106: 73 (2010). Placement is uncertain for it is not typical of Porostereum (
pseudocinerascens Boidin & Gilles, Bull. Trimestriel Soc. Mycol. France 118: 96 (2002). Accepted in Lopharia.
rhodocarpa (Rehill & B.K. Bakshi) S.S. Rattan, Biblioth. Mycol. 60: 172 (1977). Accepted as Peniophora rhodocarpa Rehill & B.K. Bakshi. The authors follow Hjortstam & Ryvarden (1990: 62) who examined the isotype at Kew.
rimosissima Rick in Rambo, Iheringia, Ser. Bot. 7: 199 (1960). The protologue does not provide enough information to identify this species but it may be a Xylodon species. A line after the protologue states that it appears to be identical to Odontia rimosissima Peck [= Xylodon rimosissimus (Peck) Hjortstam & Ryvarden].
rimosissima (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) A.L. Welden, Mycologia 67: 544 (1975). = Hjortstamia rimosissima Boidin & Gilles. Known only from the type from Nicaragua collected on dead cane. Although the type lacks basidiospores, it is otherwise similar to P. crassa (
rugulosa (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Hjortstam, Mycotaxon 54: 188. 1995. Of uncertain generic disposition because of conflicting observations of the type specimen (
sharpiana A.L. Welden, Tulane Stud. Zool. Bot. 17: 18 (1971). = Porostereum sharpianum (A.L. Welden) Hjortstam & Ryvarden.
spadicea (Pers.) Boidin, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon 28: 211 (1959). Accepted as Porostereum spadiceum (Pers.) Hjortstam & Ryvarden. See L. fulva for additional information.
umbrinoalutacea (Wakef.) A.L. Welden, Mycologia 67: 546 (1975). Accepted as Porostereum umbrinoalutacea (Wakef.) Hjortstam & Ryvarden.
vinosa (Berk.) G. Cunn., Trans. Roy. Soc. New Zealand 83: 625 (1956). Accepted as a synonym of Phlebiopsis crassa.
Dendrodontia bicolor (generic type, Fig.
Laeticorticium sect. Dentocorticium Parmasto, Conspectus Systematis Corticiacearum: 151, 1968; Dendrodontia Hjortstam & Ryvarden, Mycotaxon 10: 273, 1980; Fuscocerrena Ryvarden, Transactions of the British Mycological Society 79: 279, 1982.
Basidiocarps annual, effused, effused-reflexed or pileate, membranous, coriaceous or soft corky. Hymenophore surface odontoid, tuberculate, spinose, poroid, daedaleoid, sometimes developing irregular ridges or hyphal pegs. Hyphal system dimitic or trimitic; generative hyphae with clamp connections, brown skeletal hyphae in subiculum, spine trama and hyphal pegs, microbinding hyphae may be present in subiculum or substrate. Dendrohyphidia present. Cylindrical to subfusiform cystidia may be present. Basidia clavate with 4 sterigmata. Basidiospores ellipsoid to cylindrical, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, negative in Melzer’s reagent, acyanophilous.
Laeticorticium ussuricum Parmasto, Eesti NSV Teaduste Akadeemia Toimetised 14: 229, 1965.
1 | With hyphal peg | 2 |
– | Without hyphal peg | 3 |
2 | Sterile margin distinct and brown; hyphal pegs 4–5 per mm; subiculum brown | D. taiwanianum |
– | Sterile margin indistinct; hyphal pegs > 5 per mm; subiculum grey | D. hyphopaxillosum |
3 | Hymenophore poroid or with ridges, hydnoid to spinose, from North and South America | D. portoricense |
– | Hymenophore smooth, tuberculate, odontoid, rarely spinose | 4 |
4 | Hymenial surface white to yellow, basidiospores 7–9.5 × 2.5–3 µm long, reported from North America | D. sulphurellum |
– | Hymenial surface cream, brown to violaceous, basidiospores 5–7 × 2.2–2.5 µm long, reported from East Asia | D. ussuricum |
– | Hymenial surface cream, yellow or brown, basidiospores 8–9 × 3–4 µm long, reported from southern Africa, Australia, East Asia, North and South America | D. bicolor |
Dendrodontia bicolor (P.H.B. Talbot) Hjortstam & Ryvarden, Mycotaxon 10: 273, 1980.
Grandinia bicolor P.H.B. Talbot, Bothalia 4: 947, 1948.
South Africa: Natal Province: Pietermaritzburg District, Town bush valley, on dead wood, Aug. 1934, W.G. Rump 100, UDA Herb. No. 27756 [K, K(M)15722, holotype].
China. Anhui Province: Qimen County, Guniujiang Nature Reserve, on fallen angiosperm branch, 8 Aug 2013, He 1722 (BJFC 016189, CFMR). Yunnan Province: Yongde County, Daxueshan Nature Reserve, on dead Juglans branch, 28 Aug 2015 He 2757 (BJFC 021195, CFMR) & He 2772 (BJFC 021210, CFMR). Zhejiang Province: Lin’an County, Tianmushan Nature Reserve, on dead angiosperm branch, 6 Aug 2013, He 1691 (BJFC 016158, CFMR). South Africa, Natal Province, Pietermaritzburg District, Town bush, on (corticated) indigenous wood, Oct 1934, W.G. Rump 215, herb.no. 28291, W.G. Rump 217, herb no. 28292, W.G. Rump 270 herb. No. 28502 (PREM).
See
Dendrodontia hyphopaxillosa M.J. Li & H.S. Yuan, Phytotaxa 156: 183, 2014.
China. Guangxi Autonomous Region: Shangsi County, Shiwandashan Forest Park, on fallen angiosperm branch, 24 Jul 2012, Yuan 6269 (CFMR, isotype).
Although not included in phylogenetic analyses, this combination is made based on morphological evidence. See
Fuscocerrena portoricensis (Spreng. ex Fr.) Ryvarden, Transactions of the British Mycological Society 79: 280, 1982.
Polyporus portoricensis Spreng. ex Fr., Elenchus Fungorum 1: 115, 1828.
Costa Rica. San José Province: Jardin, on hardwood, 9 Aug 1963, J.L. Lowe 13402 (CFMR). Uruguay. Depto. Tacuarembó, Ext. Paso Baltasar, on Eucalyptus globulus, 11 Nov 2001, L. Bettucci and S. Lupo, MVHC 5038 (CFMR). USA. Florida: Alachua County, Devil’s Millhopper, on Magnolia sp., 18 July 1972, H.H. Burdsall, Jr., HHB 19632 (CFMR). Tennessee: Cocke County, Cosby Nature Trail, on Liriodendron tulipifera log, 2 Aug 2010, H.H. Burdsall, Jr., HHB 6651 (CFMR). Wisconsin: Dane County, Madison, Picnic Point, on dead angiosperm tree, 7 Oct 2014, He 2161 (BJFC 018806, CFMR); 11 Oct 2014, He 2202 (BJFC 018832, CFMR).
Dentocorticium portoricense is easily recognised by its poroid, hydnoid to spinose, dark brown hymenophore and greenish-yellow hymenial surface. Phylogenetically, it is closely related to D. taiwanianum (Fig.
Dendrodontia taiwaniana H.C. Wang & Sheng H. Wu, Mycologia 102: 1153, 2010.
Taiwan: Nantou County, Hsitou, alt. 1000 m, on (corticate) branch of angiosperm, 3 Jul. 1999, S.H. Wu 9907-1, F10258 (TNM, holotype).
China. Guizhou Province: Libo County, Maolan Nature Reserve, on dead angiosperm branch, 14 Jun 2016, He 3777 (BJFC 022276). Hainan Province: Wuzhishan County, Wuzhishan Nature Reserve, on dead angiosperm branch, 10 Jun 2016, He 3927 (BJFC 022429). Taiwan: Nantou County, Nandongyan Mountains, on fallen angiosperm trunk, 7 Dec 2016, He 4615 (BJFC 024057); Xitou, on dead angiosperm branch, 11 Dec 2016, He 4635 (BJFC 024078) & He 4639 (BJFC 024082). Yunnan Province: Baoshan County, Baihualing, on fallen angiosperm branch, 30 Nov 2015, He 3383 (BJFC 021778).
This is a common species in tropical China. See
The list by species epithet is obtained from Index Fungorum (http://www.indexfungorum.org, 25 Sep. 2017). If a name is accepted, a direct statement is made with supporting evidence cited.
blastanos Boidin & Gilles, Cryptog. Mycol. 19: 193 (1998). Accepted as Neocampanella blastanos (Boidin & Gilles) Nakasone, Hibbett & Goranova and supported by molecular data (
brasiliense M.J. Larsen & Gilb., Norweg. J. Bot. 24: 117 (1977). Accepted as Punctularia subhepatica (Berk.) Hjortstam. The isotype at CFMR (Brazil, Rio Grande du Sol, ad ligna angiosperma, 1936, Rick) was examined. It has rare basidiospores (6.5–8.7 × 3.2–3.7 µm) and characteristic knobby dendrohyphidia that are brown in the upper portion and hyaline at the base. The holotype at FH is apparently lost.
expallens (Bres.) Domański, Mala Flora Grzybów. Tom I: Basidiomycetes (Podstawczaki), Aphyllophorales (Bezblaszkowce). Corticiaeae, Acanthobasidium – Irpicodon 5: 248 (1988). = Crustomyces expallens (Bres.) Hjortstam. In addition to Corticium, Dentocorticium, and Crustomyces, this species has been transferred to Phlebia and Laeticorticium, but none of these generic placements is satisfactory.
irregulare Ryvarden, Bull. Jardin Bot. Natl. Belg. 48: 84 (1978). Accepted as a synonym of Diplomitoporus daedaleiformis (Henn.) Ryvarden. The holotype of D. irregulare (JR 4316, GENT) and isotype of Poria daedaleiformis (US0239243, BPI) were examined. Basidiospores of D. irregulare were narrower [(2.8–) 3–3.5 µm] than reported by
nephrolepidis Boidin & Gilles, Cryptog. Mycol. 19: 193 (1998). Accepted as a synonym of L. cyathae (S. Ito & S. Imai) Hjortstam & Ryvarden as determined by
pilatii (Parmasto) Duhem & H. Michel, Cryptog. Mycol. 30: 165 (2009). Accepted as Phlebiopsis pilatii (Parmasto) Spirin & Miettinen based on ITS and 28S sequences analyses (
sasae (Boidin, Cand. & Gilles) Boidin, Lanq. & Duhem, Bulletin de la Société Mycologique de France 112: 116 (1996). Accepted as Leptocorticium sasae (Boidin, Cand. & Gilles) Nakasone based on morphological criteria (
sinapicolor Boidin, Gilles & Duhem, Cryptog. Mycol. 19: 194 (1998). A poorly studied species.
sulphurellum (Peck) M.J. Larsen & Gilb., Norweg. J. Bot. 21: 226 (1974). Accepted in Dentocorticium as inferred from multi-gene sequences (fig. 1 herein) and morphology.
ussuricum (Parmasto) M.J. Larsen & Gilb., Norweg. J. Bot. 21: 226 (1974). This is the generic type of Dentocorticium.
utribasidiatum Boidin & Gilles, Cryptog. Mycol. 19: 196 (1998). Accepted as Leptocorticium utribasidiatum (Boidin & Gilles) Nakasone based on morphological features and examination of the holotype (
This study was supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 2017PT09) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 31470144 & 31670013).