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Research Article
Two new species of Perenniporia sensu lato (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) from China and two new combinations in Crassisporus
expand article infoChao-Ge Wang‡, Jian Chen‡, Hong-Gao Liu§, Yu-Cheng Dai‡, Yuan Yuan‡
‡ Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
§ Zhaotong University, Zhaotong, China

Corresponding author: Yu-Cheng Dai ( yuchengdai@bjfu.edu.cn )

Corresponding author: Yuan Yuan ( yuanyuan1018@bjfu.edu.cn )

Academic editor: Kentaro Hosaka
© 2024 Chao-Ge Wang, Jian Chen, Hong-Gao Liu, Yu-Cheng Dai, Yuan Yuan.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation: Wang C-G, Chen J, Liu H-G, Dai Y-C, Yuan Y (2024) Two new species of Perenniporia sensu lato (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) from China and two new combinations in Crassisporus. MycoKeys 105: 97-118. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.105.121858
Open Access

Abstract

Phylogenetic and morphological analyses on Perenniporia s.l. were carried out. Phylogenies on Perenniporia s.l. are reconstructed with two loci DNA sequences including the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions and the large subunit (nLSU). Two new species from Yunnan Province, southwest China, Perenniporia prunicola and P. rosicola in Perenniporia s.l., are illustrated and described. Perenniporia prunicola is characterised by the perennial and resupinate basidiomata with a clay pink pore surface when fresh, a trimitic hyphal system, the presence of clavate to fusiform hymenial cystidia, ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 4.8–6.2 × 3.6–4.5 µm. Perenniporia rosicola is characterised by annual and resupinate basidiomata with a white pore surface when fresh, a dimitic hyphal system, the presence of dendrohyphidia, broadly ellipsoid to subglobose basidiospores measuring 5–5.8 × 4–5.2 μm. In addition, Crassisporus is a genus in Perenniporia s.l., in which two new combinations Crassisporus minutus and C. mollissimus are proposed. Main morphological characteristics of species related to new taxa are also provided.

Key words

Phylogeny, polypore, taxonomy, wood-decaying fungi

Introduction

Perenniporia Murrill (Polyporales, Basidiomycetes) is typified by P. medulla-panis (Jacq.) Donk and it is one of the species-rich genera of Polyporales. Traditionally, it is characterised by annual to perennial, resupinate, effused-reflexed to pileate basidiomata with a varied coloured pore surface when fresh, a dimitic to trimitic hyphal system with generative hyphae bearing clamp connections, variably dextrinoid and cyanophilous skeletal hyphae, ellipsoid, broadly ellipsoid to subglobose, mostly thick-walled and truncate variably dextrinoid, cyanophilous basidiospores and causing a white rot in dead angiosperm and gymnosperm woods (Ryvarden and Gilbertson 1994; Decock and Ryvarden 1999; Zhao et al. 2013a; Cui et al. 2019; Ji et al. 2023).

Perenniporia was established by Murrill in 1942 just with two species, P. unita (Pers.) Murrill (Basionym: Polyporus unitus Pers.) and P. nigrescens (Bres.) Murrill (Basionym: Poria nigrescens Bres.), none of which was regarded as the type species (Murrill 1942). Then P. unita was combined into different genera by other mycologists, viz. Fibuloporia unita (Pers.) Bondartsev, Fomes unitus (Pers.) J. Lowe and Fomitopsis unita (Pers.) Bondartsev (Bondartsev 1953; Lowe 1955), as well as being designated the lectotype of Perenniporia by Cooke (1953). Decock and Stalpers (2006) re-discussed the relationship and status of Polyporus unitus and Boletus medulla-panis Jacq., though they are synonymous and the latter has been normally regarded as the type species of Perenniporia in previous studies (Donk 1960; Ryvarden 1972a; Gilbertson and Ryvarden 1987; Ryvarden and Gilbertson 1994). In addition, they demonstrated Pol. unitus is not a synonym of B. medulla-panis, the latter of which was selected as the type of Perenniporia (Decock and Stalpers 2006). For now, Poria nigrescens as a synonym of Physisporinus crocatus (Pat.) F. Wu, Jia J. Chen & Y.C. Dai was described from Hungary and it has a perennial basidiomata, erubescent pores (white when fresh, then “carneo-violaceis”, finally black), but no basidiospores data (Bresadola 1897).

Previous studies have shown that Perenniporia is a polyphyletic genus (Zhao et al. 2013a; Cui et al. 2019; Ji et al. 2023). Species in Perenniporia s.l. form seven independent clades, based on phylogenetic analysis with typical characteristics (Zhao et al. 2013a). Hornodermoporus, Perenniporiella, Truncospora, Vanderbylia etc. were derived from Perenniporia s.l. Especially, Ji et al. (2023) proposed 15 new genera previously addressed in Perenniporia s.l., based on phylogenetic and morphological analyses. Perenniporia s.s. contains three species, viz. P. hainaniana B.K. Cui & C.L. Zhao, P. medulla-panis and P. substraminea B.K. Cui & C.L. Zhao (Ji et al. 2023). Up to now, more than 120 taxa were found in Perenniporia s. l. (Ji et al. 2017; Liu et al. 2017; Shen et al. 2018; Cui et al. 2019; Zhao and Ma 2019; Ji et al. 2023). In addition, some species in Perenniporia s.l. could produce laccase (such as P. tephropora (Mont.) Ryvarden and Poriella subacida (Peck) C.L. Zhao) and carotenoid (such as Vanderbylia fraxinea (Bull.) D.A. Reid) etc. applied in both biomedical engineering and biodegradation (Si et al. 2011; Churapa and Lerluck 2016; Kim and Lee 2020).

Crassisporus B.K. Cui & Xing Ji was proposed as a new genus (Ji et al. 2019) and it has effused-reflexed to pileate basidiomata with a mostly concentrically zonate pileal surface, a trimitic hyphal system with inamyloid or non-dextrinoid skeletal hyphae, oblong to broadly ellipsoid, slightly thick-walled basidiospores (Ji et al. 2019). Four species are included in this genus currently.

During the fungal research work on polypores, the phylogeny, based on a two loci dataset (ITS+nLSU), was carried out and two unknown species of Perenniporia s.l. are found from southwest China and they are illustrated and described in the present paper. In addition, two new combinations in Crassisporus are proposed, based on phylogenetic and morphological analyses.

Materials and methods

Morphological studies

The studied specimens are deposited in the Fungarium of the Institute of Microbiology, Beijing Forestry University (BJFC) and the Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IFP). Morphological descriptions are based on field notes and voucher specimens. The microscopic analysis follows Miettinen et al. (2018) and Wu et al. (2022). Sections were studied at a magnification of up to 1000× using a Nikon Eclipse 80i microscope and phase contrast illumination. Microscopic features and measurements were made from slide preparations stained with Cotton Blue and Melzer’s reagent. Basidiospores were measured from sections cut from the tubes. To represent the variation in the size of spores, 5% of measurements were excluded from each end of the range and are given in parentheses. In the description: KOH = 5% potassium hydroxide, IKI = Melzer’s reagent, IKI+ = amyloid or dextrinoid, IKI– = neither amyloid nor dextrinoid, CB = Cotton Blue, CB+ = cyanophilous in Cotton Blue, CB– = acyanophilous in Cotton Blue, L = arithmetic average of spore length, W = arithmetic average of spore width, Q = L/W ratios and n = number of basidiospores/measured from given number of specimens. Colour terms follow Anonymous (1969) and Petersen (1996).

DNA extraction, amplification and sequencing

A CTAB rapid plant genome extraction kit-DN14 (Aidlab Biotechnologies Co., Ltd, Beijing) was used to obtain DNA from dried specimens and to perform the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) according to the manufacturer’s instructions with some modifications (Shen et al. 2019; Sun et al. 2020). The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nLSU) were amplified using the primer pairs ITS5/ITS4 and LR0R/LR7 (White et al. 1990; Hopple and Vilgalys 1999) (https://sites.duke.edu/vilgalyslab/rdna_primers_for_fungi/).

The PCR procedure for ITS was as follows: initial denaturation at 95 °C for 3 min, followed by 34 cycles at 94 °C for 40 s, annealing at 54 °C for 45 s and extension 72 °C for 1 min and a final extension of 72 °C for 10 min. The PCR procedure for nLSU was as follows: initial denaturation at 94 °C for 1 min, followed by 34 cycles of denaturation at 94 °C for 30 s, annealing at 50 °C for 1 min and extension at 72 °C for 1.5 min and a final extension at 72 °C for 10 min. The PCR products were purified and sequenced at the Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI), China, with the same primers. DNA sequencing was performed at the Beijing Genomics Institute and the newly-generated sequences were deposited in GenBank. All sequences analysed in this study are listed in Table 1. Sequences generated from this study were aligned with additional sequences downloaded from GenBank using BioEdit (Hall 1999) and ClustalX (Thompson et al. 1997). The final ITS and nLSU datasets were subsequently aligned using MAFFT v.7 under the E-INS-i strategy with no cost for opening gaps and equal cost for transformations (command line: mafft –genafpair –maxiterate 1000) (Katoh and Standley 2013) and visualised in BioEdit (Hall 1999). Alignments were spliced and transformed formats in Mesquite v.3.2. (Maddison and Maddison 2017). Multiple sequence alignments were trimmed by trimAI v.1.2 using the -htmlout-gt 0.8 -st option to deal with gaps, when necessary (Capella-Gutierrez et al. 2009).

Table 1.
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Information for the sequences used in this study.

Species name Sample no. Location GenBank accession No. References
ITS nLSU
Abundisporus fuscopurpureus Cui 8638 China JN048771 JN048790 Zhao et al. (2015)
Abundisporus pubertatis Dai 11927 China KC787569 KC787576 Zhao et al. (2015)
Abundisporus pubertatis Dai 12140 China JN048772 JN048791 Zhao et al. (2015)
Abundisporus sclerosetosus MUCL 41438 Singapore FJ411101 FJ393868 Robledo et al. (2009)
Abundisporus violaceus MUCL 38617 Zimbabwe FJ411100 FJ393867 Robledo et al. (2009)
Amylosporia hattorii Cui 10912 China KX900675 KX900725 Cui et al. (2019)
Amylosporia hattorii Dai 10315 China JQ861740 JQ861756 Cui et al. (2019)
Aurantioporia aurantiaca CBS 125867 French Guiana MH863779 MH875242 Vu et al. (2019)
Aurantioporia bambusicola Cui 11050 China KX900668 KX900719 Cui et al. (2019)
Citrinoporia citrinoalba Cui 13615 China MG847215 MG847224 Cui et al. (2019)
Citrinoporia citrinoalba Dai 13643 China KX880622 KX880661 Cui et al. (2019)
Citrinoporia corticola Dai 18633 Malaysia MT117217 MT117222 Wang et al. (2020)
Citrinoporia corticola Dai 18641 Malaysia MT117218 MT117223 Wang et al. (2020)
Citrinoporia corticola Dai 17778 Singapore MT117219 MT117224 Wang et al. (2020)
Citrinoporia corticola Dai 18526 Malaysia MT117216 MT117221 Wang et al. (2020)
Crassisporus imbricatus Dai 10788 China KC867350 KC867425 Cui et al. (2019)
Crassisporus leucoporus Cui 16801 Australia MK116488 MK116497 Ji et al. (2019)
Crassisporus macroporus Cui 14468 China MK116486 MK116495 Ji et al. (2019)
Crassisporus microsporus Dai 16221 China MK116487 MK116496 Ji et al. (2019)
Crassisporus minutus Zhou 120 China JX163055 JX163056 Unpublished
Crassisporus minutus Cui 6595 China KX081079 KX081142 Unpublished
Crassisporus minutus Dai 22571 China PP034100ª PP034116ª Present study
Crassisporus mollissimus Cui 6257 China JX141451 JX141461 Zhao et al. (2015)
Crassisporus mollissimus Dai 10764 China JX141452 JX141462 Zhao et al. (2015)
Cystidioporia piceicola Cui 10460 China JQ861742 JQ861758 Zhao and Cui (2013a)
Cystidioporia piceicola Dai 4181 China JF706328 JF706336 Cui and Zhao (2012)
Daedalea quercina Dai 12659 Finland KP171208 KP171230 Han et al. (2015)
Dendroporia cinereofusca Dai 9289 China KF568893 KF568895 Zhao et al. (2014b)
Dendroporia cinereofusca Cui 5280 China KF568892 KF568894 Zhao et al. (2014b)
Fomitopsis pinicola Cui 10405 China KC844852 KC844857 Unpublished
Hornodermoporus latissima Cui 6625 China HQ876604 HQ876604 Zhao et al. (2014a)
Hornodermoporus latissimus Dai 12054 China KX900639 KX900686 Cui et al. (2019)
Hornodermoporus martius MUCL 41677 Argentina FJ411092 FJ393859 Robledo et al. (2009)
Hornodermoporus martius MUCL 41678 Argentina FJ411093 FJ393860 Robledo et al. (2009)
Hornodermoporus martius Cui 7992 China HQ876603 HQ654114 Zhao et al. (2014a)
Luteoperenniporia australiensis Cui 16742 Australia OK642220 OK642275 Ji et al. (2023)
Luteoperenniporia australiensis Cui 16743 Australia OK642221 OK642276 Ji et al. (2023)
Luteoperenniporia bannaensis Cui 8560 China JQ291727 JQ291729 Zhao and Cui (2013a)
Luteoperenniporia bannaensis Cui 8562 China JQ291728 JQ291730 Zhao and Cui (2013a)
Luteoperenniporia mopanshanensis CLZhao 5145 China MH784912 MH784916 Zhao and Ma (2019)
Luteoperenniporia mopanshanensis CL Zhao 5152 China MH784913 MH784917 Zhao and Ma (2019)
Luteoperenniporia yinggelingensis Cui 13625 China MH427960 MH427967 Cui et al. (2019)
Luteoperenniporia yinggelingensis Cui 13627 China MH427957 MH427965 Cui et al. (2019)
Macroporia lacerata Cui 7220 China JX141448 JX141458 Zhao and Cui (2013a)
Macroporia lacerata Dai 11268 China JX141449 JX141459 Zhao and Cui (2013a)
Macroporia macropora Zhou 280 China JQ861748 JQ861764 Zhao and Cui (2013a)
Macroporia subrhizomorpha LWZ 20190722‐36 China MZ578440 MZ578444 Tian et al. (2021)
Macrosporia nanlingensis Cui 7620 China HQ848477 HQ848486 Zhao and Cui (2013a)
Macrosporia nanlingensis Cui 7541 China HQ848479 HQ848488 Zhao and Cui (2013a)
Microporellus subadustus Cui 8459 China HQ876606 HQ654113 Ji et al. (2023)
Microporellus violaceo-cinerascens MUCL 45229 Ethiopia FJ411106 FJ393874 Robledo et al. (2009)
Minoporus minor Cui 5782 China HQ883475 – Zhao and Cui (2013a)
Minoporus minor Dai 9198 China KF495005 KF495016 Cui et al. (2019)
Neoporia bostonensis CLZhao 2854 USA MG491284 MG491287 Shen et al. (2018)
Neoporia bostonensis CL Zhao 2855 USA MG491285 MG491285 Shen et al. (2018)
Neoporia koreana KUC20091030-32 Korea KJ156313 KJ156305 Jang et al. (2015)
Neoporia koreana KUC20081002J-02 Korea KJ156310 KJ156302 Jang et al. (2015)
Neoporia rhizomorpha Cui 7507 China HQ654107 HQ654117 Zhao and Cui (2013a)
Neoporia rhizomorpha Dai 7248 China JF706330 JF706348 Zhao and Cui (2013a)
Niveoporia decurrata Dai 16637 Thailand KY475566 OP289291 Ji et al. (2017)
Niveoporia decurrata Dai 16660 Thailand KY475567 OP289292 Ji et al. (2017)
Niveoporia russeimarginata Yuan 1244 China JQ861750 JQ861766 Zhao and Cui (2013a)
Niveoporia subrusseimarginata Cui 16991 China OK642224 OK642279 Ji et al. (2023)
Niveoporia subrusseimarginata Cui 16980 China OK642223 OK642278 Ji et al. (2023)
Perenniporia cf. dendrohyphidia Zhou 273 China KX900670 – Cui et al. (2019)
Perenniporia eugeissonae Dai 18600 Malaysia MT232518 MT232512 Wang et al. (2020)
Perenniporia eugeissonae Dai 18605 Malaysia MT232519 MT232513 Wang et al. (2020)
Perenniporia hainaniana Cui 6366 China JQ861745 JQ861761 Zhao and Cui (2013a)
Perenniporia hainaniana Cui 6365 China JQ861744 JQ861760 Zhao and Cui (2013a)
Perenniporia luteola Harkonen 1308a China JX141456 JX141466 Zhao and Cui (2013b)
Perenniporia luteola Harkonen 1308b China JX141457 JX141467 Zhao and Cui (2013b)
Perenniporia medulla-panis Cui 3274 China JN112792 JN112793 Zhao et al. (2014a)
Perenniporia medulla-panis MUCL 43250 Norway FJ411087 FJ393875 Robledo et al. (2009)
Perenniporia nonggangensis GXU 2098 China KT894732 KT894733 Huang et al. (2017)
Perenniporia nonggangensis Dai 17857 Singapore MT232521 MT232515 Huang et al. (2017)
Perenniporia prunicola Dai 24280 China PP034101ª PP034117ª Present study
Perenniporia prunicola Dai 24751 China PP034102ª PP034118ª Present study
Perenniporia prunicola Dai 24752 China PP034103ª – Present study
Perenniporia pseudotephropora Dai 17383 Brazil MT117215 MT117220 Wang et al. (2020)
Perenniporia rosicola Dai 22563 China PP034110ª PP034123ª Present study
Perenniporia straminea Cui 8858 China HQ654104 JF706334 Zhao and Cui (2013a)
Perenniporia straminea Cui 8718 China HQ876600 HQ876600 Zhao and Cui (2013a)
Perenniporia substraminea Cui 10191 China JQ001853 JQ001845 Zhao et al. (2014a)
Perenniporia substraminea Cui 10177 China JQ001852 JQ001844 Zhao et al. (2014a)
Perenniporia subtephropora Dai 10962 China JQ861752 JQ861768 Zhao and Cui (2013a)
Perenniporia subtephropora Dai 24890 China PP034104ª PP034119ª Present study
Perenniporia subtephropora Dai 25025 China PP034105ª PP034120ª Present study
Perenniporia subtephropora Dai 24871 China PP034106ª – Present study
Perenniporia subtephropora Dai 10964 China JQ861753 JQ861769 Zhao and Cui (2013a)
Perenniporia subtephropora Dai 24877 China PP034107ª PP034121ª Present study
Perenniporia tephropora Cui 9029 China HQ876601 JF706339 Zhao and Cui (2013a)
Perenniporia tephropora Cui 6331 China HQ848473 HQ848484 Zhao and Cui (2013a)
Perenniporia tephropora Dai 25106 China PP034108ª – Present study
Perenniporia tephropora Dai 24849 China PP034109ª PP034122ª Present study
Perenniporiella chaquenia MUCL 47647 Argentina FJ411083 FJ393855 Robledo et al. (2009)
Perenniporiella chaquenia MUCL 47648 Argentina FJ411084 FJ393856 Robledo et al. (2009)
Perenniporiella micropora MUCL 43581 Cuba FJ411086 FJ393858 Robledo et al. (2009)
Perenniporiopsis minutissima Cui 10979 China KF495003 KF495013 Cui et al. (2019)
Perenniporiopsis minutissima Dai 12457 China KF495004 KF495014 Cui et al. (2019)
Perenniporiopsis minutissima Dai 17383 Brazil MT117215 MT117220 Wang et al. (2020)
Perenniporiopsis minutissima Dai 24887 China PP034111ª – Present study
Perenniporiopsis minutissima Dai 24885 China PP034112ª – Present study
Perenniporiopsis minutissima Cui 10221 China KX962546 KX962553 Wu et al. (2017)
Perenniporiopsis sinensis Dai 26477 China PP034113ª PP034124ª Present study
Perenniporiopsis sinensis CLZhao 8278 China OR149913 OR759768 Yang et al. (2024)
Poriella africana Cui 8674 China KF018119 KF018128 Zhao et al. (2015)
Poriella africana Cui 8676 China KF018120 KF018129 Zhao et al. (2015)
Poriella ellipsospora Cui 10284 China JQ861739 KF018133 Shen et al. (2018)
Poriella ellipsospora Cui 10276 China KF018124 KF018132 Shen et al. (2018)
Poriella subacida Dai 8224 China HQ876605 JF713024 Zhao and Cui (2013a)
Poriella valliculorum LE 222974 Russia KM411458 KM411474 Zmitrovich and Kovalenko (2016)
Poriella valliculorum Cui 10053 China KF495006 KF495017 Zhao et al. (2014a)
Rhizoperenniporia japonica Cui 7047 China KX900677 KX900727 Cui et al. (2019)
Sparsitubus nelumbiformis Cui 6590 China KX880632 KX880671 Cui et al. (2019)
Sparsitubus nelumbiformis Cui 8497 China KX880631 KX880670 Cui et al. (2019)
Tropicoporia aridula Dai 12398 China JQ001855 JQ001847 Zhao and Cui (2013a)
Tropicoporia aridula Dai 12396 China JQ001854 JQ001846 Zhao and Cui (2013a)
Truncatoporia pyricola Cui 9149 China JN048762 JN048782 Zhao and Cui (2013a)
Truncatoporia pyricola Dai 10265 China JN048761 JN048781 Zhao and Cui (2013a)
Truncatoporia truncatospora Cui 6987 China JN048778 HQ654112 Zhao and Cui (2013a)
Truncatoporia truncatospora Dai 5125 China HQ654098 HQ848481 Zhao and Cui (2013a)
Truncospora detrita MUCL 42649 French Guiana FJ411099 FJ411099 Robledo et al. (2009)
Truncospora macrospora Cui 8106 China JX941573 JX941596 Zhao and Cui (2013c)
Truncospora ochroleuca MUCL 39726 China FJ411098 FJ393865 Robledo et al. (2009)
Truncospora ochroleuca Dai 11486 China HQ654105 JF706349 Zhao and Cui (2012)
Truncospora ochroleuca MUCL 39563 Australia FJ411097 FJ393864 Robledo et al. (2009)
Truncospora ohiensis Cui 5714 China HQ654103 HQ654116 Cui and Zhao (2012)
Truncospora ohiensis MUCL 41036 USA FJ411096 FJ393863 Robledo et al. (2009)
Truncospora ornata SP 6672 Russia KJ410690 – Spirin et al. (2015)
Vanderbylia delavayi Dai 6891 China JQ861738 – Zhao et al. (2014a)
Vanderbylia fraxinea Cui 8871 China JF706329 JF706345 Zhao et al. (2014a)
Vanderbylia fraxinea Cui 8885 China HQ876611 JF706344 Zhao et al. (2014a)
Vanderbylia fraxinea DP 83 Italy AM269789 AM269853 Guglielmo et al. (2007)
Vanderbylia robiniophila Cui 7144 China HQ876608 JF706341 Zhao et al. (2014a)
Vanderbylia robiniophila Cui 5644 China HQ876609 HQ876609 Zhao and Cui (2013a)
Vanderbylia vicina MUCL 44779 Ethiopia FJ411095 FJ393862 Robledo et al. (2009)
Vanderbyliella sp. Knudsen 04‐111 China JQ861737 JQ861755 Zhao and Cui (2013a)
Vanderbyliella tianmuensis Cui 2715 China JX141454 JX141464 Zhao and Cui (2013a)
Vanderbyliella tianmuensis Cui 2648 China JX141453 JX141463 Zhao and Cui (2013a)
Xanthoperenniporia maackiae Dai 8929 China HQ654102 JF706338 Zhao and Cui (2013a)
Xanthoperenniporia maackiae Cui 5605 China JN048760 JN048780 Zhao et al. (2013b)
Xanthoperenniporia punctata Dai 26121 China PP034114ª – Present study
Xanthoperenniporia punctata Dai 26120 China PP034115ª – Present study
Xanthoperenniporia punctata Dai 17916 China MG869686 MG869688 Li et al. (2018)
Xanthoperenniporia subcorticola Dai 7330 China HQ654094 HQ654108 Zhao and Cui (2013a)
Xanthoperenniporia subcorticola Cui 1248 China HQ848472 HQ848482 Zhao and Cui (2013a)
Xanthoperenniporia subcorticola Cui 2655 China HQ654093 HQ654093 Zhao and Cui (2012)
Xanthoperenniporia tenuis Wei 2969 China JQ001859 JQ001849 Zhao and Cui (2013a)
Xanthoperenniporia tenuis Wei 2783 China JQ001858 JQ001848 Zhao and Cui (2013a)
Yuchengia kilemariensis LE 214743 Russia KM411457 KM411473 Zmitrovich and Kovalenko (2016)
Yuchengia narymica Dai 10510 China HQ654101 JF706346 Zhao et al. (2013b)

ª Newly-generated sequences in this study. Bold = new taxa.

Phylogenetic analyses

In this study, one combined matrix was reconstructed for phylogenetic analyses; a two loci dataset (ITS+nLSU) was used to determine the phylogenetic position of the new species. The sequence alignments and the retrieved topologies were deposited in TreeBase (http://www.treebase.org), under accession ID: 31050 (Reviewer access URL: http://purl.org/phylo/treebase/phylows/study/TB2:S31050?x-access-code=fa4d2a2edcdd53d63276b66a95c2058d&format=html). Sequences of Fomitopsis pinicola (Sw.) P. Karst. and Daedalea quercina (L.) Pers., obtained from GenBank, were used as the outgroups (Ji et al. 2023). The phylogenetic analyses followed the approach of Han et al. (2016) and Zhu et al. (2019). Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian Inference (BI) analyses were performed, based on the two datasets. The best-fit evolutionary model was selected by Hierarchical Likelihood Ratio Tests (HLRT) and Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) in MrModelTest 2.2 (Nylander 2004) after scoring 24 models of evolution in PAUP* version 4.0b10 (Swofford 2002).

Sequences were analysed using Maximum Likelihood (ML) with RAxML-HPC2 through the CIPRES Science Gateway (www.phylo.org; Miller et al. 2010). Branch support (BT) for ML analysis was determined by 1000 bootstrap replicates. Bayesian phylogenetic inference and Bayesian Posterior Probabilities (BPP) were computed with MrBayes 3.1.2 (Ronquist and Huelsenbeck 2003). Four Markov chains were run for 5 M generations (two loci dataset) until the split deviation frequency value was less than 0.01 and trees were sampled every 100 generations. The first 25% of the sampled trees were discarded as burn-in and the remaining ones were used to reconstruct a majority rule consensus and calculate Bayesian Posterior Probabilities (BPP) of the clades. All trees were viewed in FigTree v. 1.4.3 (http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree/). Branches that received bootstrap support for ML (≥ 75% (ML-BS)) and BPP (≥ 0.95 BPP) were considered as significantly supported. The ML bootstrap (ML) ≥ 50% and BBP (BPP) ≥ 0.90 are presented on topologies from ML analysis, respectively.

Results

Molecular phylogeny

The combined two loci dataset (ITS+nLSU) included sequences from 152 samples representing 80 taxa. The dataset had an aligned length of 2156 characters, of which 1385 (64%) characters were constant, 147 (7%) were variable and parsimony-uninformative and 624 (29%) were parsimony informative. The phylogenetic reconstruction performed with Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian Inference (BI) analyses for one combined dataset showed similar topology and few differences in statistical support. The best model-fit applied in the Bayesian analysis was GTR+I+G, lset nst = 6, rates = invgamma and prset statefreqpr = dirichlet (1, 1, 1, 1). Bayesian analysis resulted in a nearly congruent topology with an average standard deviation of split frequencies = 0.007133 to ML analysis and, thus, only the ML tree is provided (Fig. 1).

Figure 1. 

ML analysis of Perenniporia s.l. based on dataset of ITS+nLSU. ML bootstrap values higher than 50% and Bayesian posterior probabilities values more than 0.90 are shown. New taxa are in bold.

The phylogeny (Fig. 1) included 28 different genera in Perenniporia s.l., of which have eight uncertain species in regard to the generic status without typical characteristics, viz. P. eugeissonae P. Du & Chao G. Wang, P. luteola B.K. Cui & C.L. Zhao, P. nonggangensis F.C. Huang & Bin Liu, P. pseudotephropora Chao G. Wang & F. Wu, P. rosicola, P. straminea (Bres.) Ryvarden, P. subtephropora B.K. Cui & C.L. Zhao and P. tephropora. Thus, they were adopted in Perenniporia temporarily and distinguished from Perenniporia s.s.

Perenniporia prunicola nested in the Perenniporis s.s. clade and formed an independent lineage in the phylogeny (Fig. 1). In addition, it is related to P. medulla-panis, P. substraminea and P. hainaniana, these four species being addressed into the Perenniporia s.s. clade. Though Perenniporia rosicola grouped with four species of Perenniporia s.s. in a joint subclade, but without support. The sequences of Crassisporus minutus and C. mollissimus were obtained from holotypes and they nested in the genus Crassisporus.

ITS sequences produced significant alignments in NCBI (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) about Perenniporia prunicola, the top ten of which represent P. medulla-panis and the similarities of them were less than 95%. The same goes for P. rosicola, the similarities of the top ten ITS sequences in NCBI were less than 90% excepting one sequence tagged P. dendrohyphidia (Zhou 273). They are consistent with our phylogeny.

Taxonomy

Perenniporia prunicola Y.C. Dai, Yuan Yuan & Chao G. Wang, sp. nov.

MycoBank No: MycoBank No: 851532
Figs 2, 3

Holotype

China. Yunnan Province, Zhaotong, Yiliang County, Xiaocaoba Town, on living tree of Prunus, 2.IV.2023, Dai 24751 (BJFC040388).

Figure 2. 

Basidiomata of Perenniporia prunicola (Holotype, Y.C. Dai 24751). Scale bar: 1 cm.

Etymology

Prunicola (Lat.): refers to the species growing on Prunus.

Figure 3. 

Microscopic structures of Perenniporia prunicola (Holotype, Y.C. Dai 24751) a basidiospores b basidia and basidioles c cystidioles d hymenial cystidia e hyphae from subiculum f hyphae from trama.

Description

Basidiomata. Perennial, resupinate, corky, without odour or taste when fresh, becoming hard corky upon drying, up to 15 cm long, 5 cm wide and 16 mm thick at centre. Pore surface clay pink when fresh, becoming cream, buff yellow to fawn upon drying; sterile margin very narrow to almost absent; pores round to slightly elongated, 4–6 per mm; dissepiments slightly thick, entire. Subiculum thin, cream, corky, up to 1 mm thick. Tubes pinkish-buff to clay buff when dry, distinctly stratified, hard corky, up to 15 mm long.

Hyphal structure. Hyphal system trimitic; generative hyphae bearing clamp connections; skeletal and binding hyphae IKI−, weakly CB+; tissues becoming orange brown in KOH.

Subiculum. Generative hyphae frequent, hyaline, thin-walled, occasionally branched, more or less flexuous, 2–4 μm in diam.; skeletal hyphae dominant, hyaline, thick-walled with a wide lumen, occasionally branched, more or less flexuous, 2.5–3 μm in diam.; binding hyphae hyaline, thick-walled with a wide lumen, frequently arboriform branched, flexuous, interwoven, 1.5–2 μm in diam.

Tubes. Generative hyphae infrequent, hyaline, thin-walled, occasionally branched, straight, 2–3 μm in diam.; skeletal hyphae dominant, hyaline, thick-walled with a medium lumen, occasionally branched, slightly flexuous, interwoven, 2–2.5 μm in diam.; binding hyphae hyaline, thick-walled with a medium lumen, frequently arboriform branched, flexuous, interwoven, 1.2–1.5 μm in diam. Hymenial cystidia present, clavate to fusiform, thin-walled, smooth, 25–31 × 5–5.5 µm; cystidioles present, ventricose to fusiform, hyaline, thin-walled, 16–20 × 4.5–5 μm. Basidia clavate, with four sterigmata and a basal clamp connection, 15–22 × 7–8 μm; basidioles more or less pyriform, but smaller. Irregular crystals present among the hymenium.

Spores. Basidiospores ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid, hyaline, thick-walled, smooth, usually with a medium guttule, dextrinoid, weakly CB+, (4.5–)4.8–6.2(–6.5) × (3.5–)3.6–4.5(–4.9) µm, L = 5.39 μm, W = 4.07 μm, Q = 1.29–1.37 (n = 90/3).

Type of rot. White rot.

Additional specimens examined

China. Guizhou Province, Zunyi, Suiyang County, Kuankuoshui Nature Reserve, on fallen trunk of Prunus, 7.VII.2022, Y.C. Dai 24280 (BJFC039522); Yunnan Province, Zhaotong, Yiliang County, Xiaocaoba, on dead tree of Prunus, 2.IV.2023, Y.C. Dai 24752 (BJFC040389).

Notes

Perenniporia prunicola is characterised by perennial and resupinate basidiomata with a clay pink pore surface when fresh, round to slightly elongated pores of 4–6 per mm, a trimitic hyphal system, the presence of clavate to fusiform hymenial cystidia, ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid and thick-walled basidiospores measuring 4.8–6.2 × 3.6–4.5 µm and growth on Prunus in southwest China.

Perenniporia rosicola Y.C. Dai, Yuan Yuan & Chao G. Wang, sp. nov.

MycoBank No: MycoBank No: 851529
Figs 4, 5

Holotype

China. Yunnan Province, Mengla County, Xishuangbanna Rainforest Valley, on branch of Rosaceae, 4.VII.2021, Y.C. Dai 22563 (BJFC037137).

Figure 4. 

Basidiomata of Perenniporia rosicola (Holotype, Y.C. Dai 22563). Scale bar: 1 cm.

Etymology

Rosicola (Lat.): refers to the species growing on Rosaceae.

Figure 5. 

Microscopic structures of Perenniporia rosicola (Holotype, Y.C. Dai 22563) a basidiospores b basidia and basidioles c cystidioles d dendrohyphidia e hyphae from subiculum f hyphae from trama.

Description

Basidiomata. Annual, resupinate, soft corky, without odour or taste when fresh, becoming corky when dry, up to 2 cm long, 1.5 cm wide and 1.2 mm thick at centre. Pore surface white when fresh, becoming pale orange brown upon bruising, eventually honey yellow to clay buff upon drying; sterile margin white when fresh, becoming cream upon drying, up to 0.5 mm wide; pores round, sometimes elongated, 5–7 per mm; dissepiments thin, entire to slightly lacerate. Subiculum very thin, cream, corky, up to 0.2 mm thick. Tubes concolorous with pore surface, corky, up to 1 mm long.

Hyphal structure. Hyphal system dimitic; generative hyphae bearing clamp connections; skeletal hyphae dextrinoid, weakly CB+; tissues becoming pale olivaceous in KOH.

Subiculum. Generative hyphae infrequent, hyaline, thin-walled, occasionally branched, straight, 2–2.5 μm in diam.; skeletal hyphae dominant, hyaline, thick-walled with a medium to narrow lumen, frequently arboriform branched, flexuous, interwoven, 1.5–2.5 μm in diam.

Tubes. Generative hyphae infrequent, hyaline, thin-walled, more or less flexuous, 2–2.5 μm in diam.; skeletal hyphae dominant, hyaline, thick-walled with a medium lumen, frequently arboriform branched, flexuous, interwoven, 1.5–2.5 μm in diam. Hymenial cystidia absent; cystidioles present, ventricose to fusiform, hyaline, thin-walled, 14–16 × 5–5.5 μm. Basidia barrel-shaped, with four sterigmata and a basal clamp connection, 16–20 × 7–8 μm; basidioles in shape similar to basidia, but smaller. Irregular crystals present amongst hymenia. Dendrohyphidia present.

Spores. Basidiospores broadly ellipsoid to subglobose, hyaline, thick-walled, smooth, sometimes with a medium guttule, dextrinoid, weakly CB+, 5–5.8(–6) × 4–5.2(–5.3) µm, L = 5.39 μm, W = 4.74 μm, Q = 1.14 (n = 30/1).

Type of rot. White rot.

Notes

Perenniporia rosicola is characterised by annual and resupinate basidiomata with a white pore surface when fresh, round to sometimes elongated pores of 5–7 per mm, frequently arboriform branched and narrow skeletal hyphae, the presence of dendrohyphidia, broadly ellipsoid to subglobose, thick-walled basidiospores measuring 5–5.8 × 4–5.2 μm and growth on Rosaceae in southwest China.

Combinations

In our phylogenetic analyses, Crassisporus minutus and C. mollissimus form two independent lineages nested in Crassisporus (Fig. 1) and their characteristics fit the definition of Crassisporus. So, we propose the following combinations:

Crassisporus minutus (Y.C. Dai & X.S. Zhou) Y.C. Dai, Yuan Yuan & Chao G. Wang, comb. nov.

MycoBank No: MycoBank No: 851530

Basionym

Megasporoporia minuta Y.C. Dai & X.S. Zhou, in Zhou & Dai, Mycological Progress 7(4): 254 (2008).

Crassisporus mollissimus (B.K. Cui & C.L. Zhao) Y.C. Dai, Yuan Yuan & Chao G. Wang, comb. nov.

MycoBank No: MycoBank No: 851531

Basionym

Abundisporus mollissimus B.K. Cui & C.L. Zhao, in Zhao, Chen, Song & Cui, Mycological Progress 14(38): 5 (2015).

Discussion

The genus Perenniporia s.s. clade includes four species, viz. P. hainaniana, P. medulla-panis, P. prunicola and P. substraminea and these species have the perennial and resupinate basidiomata with a cream, clay pink, buff yellow, pinkish-buff to fawn pore surface, a dimitic to trimitic hyphal system with amyloid or dextrinoid skeletal hyphae, ellipsoid, broadly ellipsoid to subglobose and thick-walled basidiospores (Table 2).

Table 2.
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The list of accepted species related to new taxa in this study.

Species Type locality Basidiomata Upper surface Colour of poroid surface Dendrohyphidia Basidiospores shape Basidiospores size (μm) References
Crassisporus imbricatus China: Hainan Annual, effused-reflexed to pileate Yellowish-brown Buff when fresh, pale greyish-brown when dry – Oblong ellipsoid 10–14 × 4.5–6.2 Ji et al. (2019)
C. leucoporus Australia: Queensland Annual, effused-reflexed to pileate Yellowish-brown to umber-brown White when fresh; cream, clay buff to pale yellowish-brown when dry – Oblong ellipsoid 8.4–11.2 × 4.2–5.4 Ji et al. (2019)
C. macroporus China: Guangxi Annual, effused-reflexed to pileate Buff to yellowish-brown when fresh, yellowish brown when dry Cream, buff to cinnamon buff when fresh; buff, pale yellowish-brown to yellowish-brown when dry – Oblong ellipsoid 9.5–13.2 × 4–6.2 Ji et al. (2019)
C. microsporus China: Yunnan Annual, pileate Pale yellowish-brown to yellowish-brown Cream, buff to cinnamon buff when fresh; buff, pale yellowish-brown to yellowish-brown when dry – Broadly ellipsoid 4–5 × 3–3.7 Ji et al. (2019)
C. minutus China: Guangxi Annual to biennial, resupinate – Cream to pale buff when fresh; pale greyish when dry – Cylindrical to oblong ellipsoid 7.7–9.7 × 3.6–4.9 Zhou and Dai (2008)
C. mollissimus China: Hainan Perennial, effused-reflexed to pileate Yellow brown to umber-brown Buff to buff-yellow when fresh, buff-yellow when dry – Ellipsoid 4–4.5 × 3–3.5 Zhao et al. (2015)
Perenniporia adnata Singapore Perennial, resupinate – Ochraceous buff to pinkish ochraceous – Broadly ellipsoid to subglobose 4–4.5 × 3.5 Corner (1989)
P. albocinnamomea Malaysia Annual, effused-reflexed Pallid buff to brownish Light cinnamon buff – Ellipsoid 3.7–4.7 × 2.5–3 Corner (1989)
P. dendrohyphidia Burundi Annual, resupinate – Wood-coloured to pale isabelline ＋ Broadly ellipsoid to subglobose, sometimes truncate 5.5–7 × 4.5–6 Ryvarden (1988a), this study
P. eugeissonae Malaysia Annual, resupinate – White when fresh, cream to pale straw-coloured when dry ＋ Ellipsoid 5–6 × 4–5 Du et al. (2020)
P. ferruginea Brunei Perennial, effused-reflexed Ferruginous brown to fuscous blackish Pallid wood white to pale brown – Ellipsoid, subtriangular to subglobose 3.5–4.5 × 3–3.5 Corner (1989)
P. hainaniana China: Hainan Perennial, resupinate – Cream when fresh, cream-buff when dry ＋ Broadly ellipsoid, truncate 4–4.5 × 3–4 Zhao and Cui (2013a)
P. luteola China: Henan Annual, resupinate – Cream to buff when fresh, buff to yellowish-buff when dry – Ellipsoid, truncate 6.1–7 × 5–5.7 Zhao and Cui (2013b)
P. medulla-panis Australia Annual to perennial, resupinate – White when fresh; white, cream, pale corky when dry; greyish-orange when bruised – Ellipsoid, broadly ovoid to subglobose, truncate 4.7–5.8 × 3.5–4.5 Decock and Stalpers (2006)
P. nonggangensis China: Guangxi Annual, resupinate to effused-reflexed – Cream to greyish-cream when fresh; pale yellow-orange, capucine buff to sudan brown when dry – Broadly ellipsoid to subglobose 3.1–4.4 × 2.7–3.6 Huang et al. (2017)
P. puerensis China: Yunnan Annual, resupinate – Cream to buff when fresh, yellow to ochraceous when dry – Ovoid to subglobose 4.3–5.5 × 3.7–4.7 Liu et al. (2017)
P. penangiana Malaysia Annual, pileate with a stipe Pale ochraceous to brownish Pale tan ochraceous – Broadly ellipsoid 5–6.5 × 4–5 Corner (1989)
P. prunicola China: Yunnan Perennial, resupinate – Clay pink when fresh; cream, buff yellow to fawn when dry – Ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid 4.8–6.2 × 3.6–4.5 This study
P. pseudotephropora Brazil Perennial, effused-reflexed to pileate Pinkish buff, grey to greyish -brown Greyish to pale
brown		 ＋ Broadly ellipsoid to subglobose, truncate 4.9–5.2 × 4–4.8 Wang et al. (2020)
P. rosicola China: Yunnan Annual, resupinate – White when fresh; pale orange brown when bruised, eventually honey yellow to clay buff when dry ＋ Broadly ellipsoid to subglobose 5–5.8 × 4–5.2 This study
P. sinuosa Brazil Annual, resupinate – Cream to ochraceous – Subglobose, truncate 4–5 × 3–4 Ryvarden (1987)
P. straminea Philippines Annual, resupinate – Straw-coloured when fresh; pale yellow brown with orange tints when dry – Ellipsoid 2.5–3 × 2 Ryvarden (1988b)
P. subdendrohyphidia Cameroon Annual to biennial, resupinate – White, yellowish to pale pinkish cork-coloured when bruised ＋ Oblong, Oblong ellipsoid to ellipsoid, truncate 4–4.8 × 2.8–3.3 Decock (2001)
P. substraminea China: Zhejiang Perennial, resupinate – White to cream when fresh, cream to pinkish-buff when dry ＋ Ellipsoid, truncate 3.1–3.8 × 2.4–3 Zhao et al. (2013a)
P. subtephropora China: Guangdong Perennial, resupinate – Cream when fresh; cream buff to greyish-buff when dry – Ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid, truncate 4–5 × 3.5–4.5 Zhao and Cui (2013a)
P. tephropora Suriname Perennial, resupinate to rarely effused-reflexed Dirty greyish to black Clay buff, grey to milky coffee or pale umber – Broadly ellipsoid, truncate 4.5–6 × 3.5–4.5 Ryvarden (1972b)

Bold = new taxa. Abbreviations used: + = Present, – = Absent.

Perenniporia prunicola is similar to P. medulla-panis by perennial and resupinate basidiomata with a clay pink to buff yellow pore surface, round to slightly elongated pores of 4–6 per mm, a trimitic hyphal system and ovoid to broadly ellipsoid basidiospores. In addition, both species are phylogenetically related, but the latter lacks cystidia and usually has truncate basidiospores (Ryvarden and Gilbertson 1994). Perenniporia puerensis C.L. Zhao has annual and thin basidiomata, thin dissepiments, thick-walled skeletal hyphal encrusted with pale yellow crystals, the absence of hymenial cystidia and relatively smaller basidiospores (4.3–5.5 × 3.7–4.7 µm vs. 4.8–6.2 × 3.6–4.5 µm; Q = 1.14–1.21 (n = 120/4) vs. Q = 1.29–1.37 (n = 90/3), Liu et al. (2017)), which differ from P. prunicola.

Perenniporia rosicola is morphologically similar and phylogenetically related to Perenniporia cf. dendrohyphidia (Fig. 1). We studied the type of P. dendrohyphidia (Rammeloo 6286) and they all have annual and resupinate basidiomata, the presence of dendrohyphidia and broadly ellipsoid to subglobose and thick-walled basidiospores. However, P. dendrohyphidia has thick and entire dissepiments, round pores of 4–6 per mm, sometimes apically truncate and relatively larger basidiospores (5.5–7 × 4.5–6 µm vs. 5–5.8 × 4–5.2 μm) and it occurs in Burundi, central Africa. Unfortunately, we did not obtain sequences from the type specimen of P. dendrohyphidia. We also studied the specimen of labelled Zhou 273 collected in China and it has thin and entire dissepiments, round to slightly elongated pores of 6–8 per mm, branched skeletal hyphae measuring 1.5–3.2 µm in diam., broadly ellipsoid to subglobose basidiospores measuring 5–6 × 4–5 µm. These characteristics are somewhat similar to P. dendrohyphidia. Thus, for the time being, we treat the specimen Zhou 273 as Perenniporia cf. dendrohyphidia. In addition, there are 20 base pairs differences between Perenniporia cf. dendrohyphidia and P. rosicola, which amounts to > 3% nucleotide differences in the ITS regions. Perenniporia subdendrohyphidia Decock was originally described by Decock from Cameroon, central Africa. However, it has smaller, oblong to oblong-ellipsoid and non-dextrinoid basidiospores (4–4.8 × 2.2–3.3 µm vs. 5–5.8 × 4–5.2, Decock (2001)). Perenniporia sinuosa Ryvarden was originally described from Amazonas, Brazil (Ryvarden 1987) and it differs from P. rosicola by larger pores (2–3 per mm vs. 5–7 per mm) and smaller truncate basidiospores (4–5 × 3–4 µm vs. 5–5.8 × 4–5.2 µm, Ryvarden (1987)). Perenniporia adnata Corner, P. albocinnamomea Corner, P. ferruginea Corner and P. penangiana Corner were all originally described from Southeast Asia and lack dendrohyphidia. In addition, the former three species above differ from P. rosicola by smaller basidiospores (4–4.5 × 3.5 µm in P. adnate; 3.7–4.7 × 2.5–3 µm in P. albocinnamomea; 3.5–4.5 × 3–3.5 µm in P. ferruginea vs. 5–5.8 × 4–5.2 µm, Corner (1989)). Perenniporia penangiana has pileate basidiomata with a stipe, which is different from P. rosicola (Corner 1989).

All species in the Perenniporia s.s. clade have perennial basidiomata with a cream, clay pink, buff yellow, pinkish-buff to fawn pore surface, a dimitic to trimitic hyphal system, sometimes the presence of dendrohyphidia and truncate basidiospores. Perenniporia cf. dendrohyphidia and P. rosicola both have annual basidiomata with a white to cream pore surface, a dimitic hyphal system, the presence of dendrohyphidia and broadly ellipsoid to globose basidiospores without truncation. All in all, some morphological characteristics of above taxa are overlapping, but the Perenniporia s.s. clade is unrelated to the Perenniporia rosicola clade in our phylogeny (Fig. 1).

Crassisporus minutus was originally described in Megasporoporia by Dai and Zhou from China and it is characterised by resupinate basidiomata with a cream to pale buff pore surface when fresh, distinct sterile margin, round pores of 4–6 per mm, a dimitic hyphal system; thick-walled to subsolid skeletal hyphae, cylindrical to oblong-ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 7.7–9.7 × 3.6–4.9 µm (Zhou and Dai 2008). The type specimen of M. minutus Zhou 120 grouped with other samples Dai 22571 and Cui 6595 nested in Crassisporus in our phylogenetic analysis (Fig. 1). However, we studied the sample Dai 22571 and it has slightly thick-walled basidiospores. Thus, the new combination Crassisporus minutus is proposed.

Crassisporus mollissimus was originally described in Abundisporus by Cui and Zhao from China and it is characterised by perennial, effused-reflexed to pileate basidiomata with a concentrically zonate pileal surface, a buff to buff yellow pore surface when fresh, round pores of 7–8 per mm, ellipsoid and slightly thick-walled basidiospores measuring 4–4.5 × 3–3.5 µm (Zhao et al. 2015). In addition, Crassisporus and Abundisporus are phylogenetically unrelated (Fig. 1).

Additional information

Conflict of interest

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Ethical statement

No ethical statement was reported.

Funding

The research is supported by the Research Project of Yunnan Key Laboratory of Gastrodia and Fungi Symbiotic Biology (TMKF2023A03) and the Yunnan Province expert workstation programme (No. 202205AF150014).

Author contributions

All authors designed the research and contributed to data analysis and interpretation, and prepared the samples and drafted the manuscript.

Author ORCIDs

Chao-Ge Wang https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4381-5720

Yuan Yuan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6674-9848

Data availability

All of the data that support the findings of this study are available in the main text.

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