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Research Article
Molecular and morphological data reveal two new species of Tropicoporus (Hymenochaetaceae, Basidiomycota) from Australia and tropical Asia
expand article infoAn-Hong Zhu‡§, Zhan-Bo Liu‡, Yue Li‡, Hong-Gao Liu|, Yuan Yuan‡, Shuang-Hui He‡
‡ Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
§ Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| Zhaotong University, Zhaotong, China

Corresponding author: Yuan Yuan ( yuanyuan1018@bjfu.edu.cn )

Corresponding author: Shuang-Hui He ( heshuanghui@bjfu.edu.cn )

Academic editor: R. Henrik Nilsson
© 2024 An-Hong Zhu, Zhan-Bo Liu, Yue Li, Hong-Gao Liu, Yuan Yuan, Shuang-Hui He.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation: Zhu A-H, Liu Z-B, Li Y, Liu H-G, Yuan Y, He S-H (2024) Molecular and morphological data reveal two new species of Tropicoporus (Hymenochaetaceae, Basidiomycota) from Australia and tropical Asia. MycoKeys 103: 57-70. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.103.119027
Open Access

Abstract

Phylogenetic analyses and morphological examination confirmed two new species in the tropical polypore genus Tropicoporus, T. oceanianus and T. zuzaneae, from Australia and tropical Asia, respectively. A phylogenetic analysis based on the two DNA markers including the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the large subunit (nLSU) gene shows that these two new species form two independent lineages nested in the genus Tropicoporus. T. oceanianus is characterized by perennial and ungulate basidiomata, the occasional presence of hymenial setae, a trimitic hyphal structure in the context and a dimitic hyphal system in the trama, and broadly ellipsoid to subglobose basidiospores measuring 5.2–6 × 4–5 μm. T. zuzaneae is characterized by perennial and resupinate basidiomata with distinct receding margin, glancing pores, very thin to almost lacking subiculum, a dimitic hyphal structure, the absence of any setal elements, broadly ellipsoid to subglobose basidiospores measuring 3.8–4.9 × 3–4.2 µm. The differences among the new species and their phylogenetically related and morphologically similar species are discussed.

Key words

Phellinus, Phylogenetic analysis, polypore, wood-rotting fungi

Introduction

Tropicoporus L.W. Zhou et al. (Hymenochaetaceae, Basidiomycota) is mainly a tropical polypore genus, and it is characterized by annual to perennial, resupinate to distinctly pileate basidiomata with yellow-brown to umber pore surface, a dimitic hyphal system at least in the trama, the presences of hymenial setae, and yellowish, slightly thick-walled, smooth, and usually collapsed basidiospores which become darker in a 5% KOH solution in a few species (Salvador-Montoya et al. 2018, 2020). Most species of the genus grow on angiosperm wood and cause a white rot (Zhou et al. 2016). As of early 2024, 49 species are accepted in the genus, 40 species exist in tropical region, and 25 species occur in tropical Asia and Australia (Tian et al. 2013; Xavier de Lima et al. 2022; Wu et al. 2022a, b; Gunaseelan et al. 2024; Liu et al. 2024). Tropicoporus excentrodendri L.W. Zhou & Y.C. Dai is the type species of the genus.

Tropical Pacific areas are rich for species of Hymenochaetales, and many new taxa have been described from these areas recently (Ji et al. 2017; Bian and Dai 2020; Chen et al. 2020; Du et al. 2020; Guo et al. 2022; Wu et al. 2022a; Zhao et al. 2022; Cui et al. 2023; Dong et al. 2023). However, there are still many unknown taxa in Hymenochaetales from certain regions of tropical Pacific areas.

A study on tropical polypores recovered four specimens from Australia and tropical Asia that morphologically fit the definition of Tropicoporus. Phylogenetic analyses assigned these specimens to two independent lineages nested in the Tropicoporus clade. Morphological comparison with all the taxa in Phellinus s.l. was carried out, and no existing taxa fit them. We thus describe two new species based on our studied samples and molecular data.

Materials and methods

Morphological studies

The studied specimens are deposited in the Fungarium of the Institute of Microbiology, Beijing Forestry University (BJFC), the private herbarium of Josef Vlasák (JV), and the Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria (MEL). Morphological descriptions are based on field notes and voucher specimens. The microscopic analysis follows Dai (2010) and Wu et al. (2022a). Sections were studied at a magnification of up to 1 000× using a Nikon Eclipse 80i microscope and phase contrast illumination. Microscopic features and measurements were made from slide preparations stained with Cotton Blue and Melzer’s reagent. Basidiospores were measured from sections cut from the tubes stained with Cotton Blue. To represent the variation in the size of spores, 5% of measurements were excluded from each end of the range and are given in parentheses. In the description: KOH = 5% potassium hydroxide, IKI = Melzer’s reagent, IKI– = neither amyloid nor dextrinoid, CB = Cotton Blue, CB(+)= weakly cyanophilous in Cotton Blue, CB– = acyanophilous in Cotton Blue, L = arithmetic average of spore length, W = arithmetic average of spore width, Q = L/W ratios, and n = number of basidiospores/measured from given number of specimens. Color terms follow Anonymous (1969) and Petersen (1996).

DNA extraction, amplification, and sequencing

A CTAB rapid plant genome extraction kit-DN14 (Aidlab Biotechnologies Co., Ltd, Beijing) was used to obtain DNA from dried specimens, and to perform the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) according to the manufacturer’s instructions with some modifications (Han et al. 2016; Cui et al. 2019). The nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit nuclear ribosomal (nLSU) RNA gene were amplified using the primer pairs ITS5/ITS4 and LR0R/LR7 (White et al. 1990; Hopple and Vilgalys 1999) (https://sites.duke.edu/vilgalyslab/rdna_primers_for_fungi/).

The PCR procedure for ITS was as follows: initial denaturation at 95 °C for 3 min, followed by 34 cycles at 94 °C for 40 s, annealing at 54 °C for 45 s and extension 72 °C for 1 min, and a final extension of 72 °C for 10 min. The PCR procedure for nLSU was as follows: initial denaturation at 94 °C for 1 min, followed by 34 cycles of denaturation at 94 °C for 30 s, annealing at 50 °C for 1 min and extension at 72 °C for 1.5 min, and a final extension at 72 °C for 10 min. The PCR products were purified and sequenced at the Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI), China, with the same primers. DNA sequencing was performed at the Beijing Genomics Institute and the newly generated sequences were deposited in GenBank. All sequences analysed in this study are listed in Table 1. Sequences generated from this study were aligned with additional sequences downloaded from GenBank using BioEdit (Hall 1999). The final ITS and nLSU datasets were subsequently aligned using MAFFT v.7 under the G-INS-i strategy with no cost for opening gaps and equal cost for transformations (command line: mafft –genafpair –maxiterate 1000) (Katoh and Standley 2013) and visualized in BioEdit (Hall 1999).

Table 1.
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Taxa information and GenBank accession numbers of the sequences used in this study. New species are shown in bold. * Holotype.

Species Locality Voucher No. GenBank accession numbers
ITS nLSU
Inonotus compositus China Wang 552 KP030781 KP030768
Inonotus cuticularis Canada QFB-888 AF237730 –
Perenninotus shoreicola China Dai 13614 KJ575522 KT749416
Perenninotus shoreicola China Dai 13615 KJ575523 KT749417
Sanghuangporus alpinus China Cui 9658 * JQ860310 KP030771
Sanghuangporus alpinus China Cui 9646 JQ860313 –
Sanghuangporus australianus Australia Dai 18847 * MZ484581 MZ437411
Sanghuangporus lagerstroemiae Vietnam Dai 18337 * MZ484582 MZ437412
Sanghuangporus lonicericola China Cui 10994 MF772786 MF772804
Sanghuangporus lonicericola China Dai 8376 JQ860308 KP030772
Sanghuangporus pilatii Czechia BRNM 771989 KT428764 KT428765
Sanghuangporus sanghuang China Wu 0903-1 JN794061 –
Sanghuangporus weigelae China Yuan 5526 JN169786 JN169790
Tropicoporus angustisulcatus Brazil Dai 17409 * MZ484584 MZ437417
Tropicoporus angustisulcatus French Guiana JV 1808/83 MZ484585 MZ437418
Tropicoporus boehmeriae China Dai 20522 MZ484586 MZ437419
Tropicoporus boehmeriae China Dai 20617 MZ484587 MZ437420
Tropicoporus boehmeriae Thailand LWZ 20140729-10 * KT223640 –
Tropicoporus cleistanthicola India MUBL1089 * OR272292 OR272337
Tropicoporus cleistanthicola India MUBL1090 OR272291 OR272336
Tropicoporus cubensis Cuba MUCL 47079 * JQ860325 KP030776
Tropicoporus cubensis Cuba MUCL 47113 JQ860324 KP030777
Tropicoporus dependens USA JV 0409/12-J KC778777 MF772818
Tropicoporus dependens USA JV 1207/3.4-J KC778779 –
Tropicoporus detonsus USA IDR 1300012986 KF695121 KF695122
Tropicoporus detonsus French Guiana MUCL 45517 MZ484589 EF429237
Tropicoporus drechsleri Argentina CTES 570140 MG242439 MG242444
Tropicoporus drechsleri Argentina CTES 570144 * MG242437 MG242442
Tropicoporus excentrodendri China Yuan 6227 KP030788 –
Tropicoporus excentrodendri China Yuan 6232 * KP030790 –
Tropicoporus flabellatus Brazil VRTO873 * MT908376 MT906643
Tropicoporus flabellatus Brazil JB7 MT925653 MT925654
Tropicoporus guanacastensis Costa Rica JV 1408/25 KP030793 KP030778
Tropicoporus guanacastensis Costa Rica O 19228 KP030794 MF772819
Tropicoporus hainanicus China Dai 17705 * MZ484588 MZ437421
Tropicoporus indicus India MUBL1083 * OR272293 OR272338
Tropicoporus indicus India MUBL1084 OR272294 OR272339
Tropicoporus lineatus Malaysia Dai 21196 * MZ484594 MZ437426
Tropicoporus linteus USA JV 0904/140 JQ860323 KP030780
Tropicoporus linteus USA JV 0904/64 JQ860322 JX467701
Tropicoporus melleoporus USA CBS 145357 NR_168219 NG_068906
Tropicoporus melleoporus USA TX8 MN108123 MN113949
Tropicoporus minor China Dai 18487A MZ484590 MZ437422
Tropicoporus minor Malaysia Dai 18601 MZ484591 MZ437423
Tropicoporus minor Malaysia Dai 21139 * MZ484592 MZ437424
Tropicoporus minor Malaysia Dai 21183 MZ484593 MZ437425
Tropicoporus natarajaniae India MUBL4020 * OP003882 –
Tropicoporus nullisetus Brazil VRTO195 MN795118 MN812254
Tropicoporus nullisetus Brazil VRTO131 MN795117 MN812253
Tropicoporus nullisetus Brazil VXLF616 * MN795129 MN812261
Tropicoporus oceanianus Australia Dai 18859 * PP034280 –
Tropicoporus oceanianus Australia MEL 2382654 KP013017 KP013017
Tropicoporus oceanianus Australia MEL 2382727 KP012908 KP012908
Tropicoporus oceanianus Australia MEL 2382781 KP012961 KP012961
Tropicoporus pseudoindicus MUBL1087 India * OR272295 OR272340
Tropicoporus pseudoindicus MUBL1088 India OR272296 OR272341
Tropicoporus pseudolinteus USA JV 0312/22.10-J KC778780 –
Tropicoporus pseudolinteus Venezuela JV 0404/35-K * KC778781 MF772820
Tropicoporus pseudolinteus Costa Rica O 906288 KP030795 –
Tropicoporus ravidus China Dai 18165 * MZ484595 MZ437427
Tropicoporus rudis Rwanda O 915614 KP030796 –
Tropicoporus rudis Tanzania O 915617 KP030797 MH101016
Tropicoporus sideroxylicola USA JV 0409/30-J * KC778782 –
Tropicoporus sp. Brazil URM 80348 MZ484596 MZ437428
Tropicoporus stratificans Brazil SMDB 14731 KM199688 –
Tropicoporus subramaniae India MUBL4021 * OP003881 –
Tropicoporus substratificans French Guiana JV 1908/80 * MZ484597 MZ437429
Tropicoporus substratificans Brazil VRTO884 MN795124 MN812266
Tropicoporus tamilnaduensis India MUBL1085 * OR272297 OR272343
Tropicoporus tamilnaduensis India MUBL1086 – OR272344
Tropicoporus tenuis China Dai 19699 * MZ484598 MZ437430
Tropicoporus tenuis China Dai 19724 MZ484599 MZ437431
Tropicoporus zuzaneae China Dai 22168 PP034281 PP034283
Tropicoporus zuzaneae China Dai 22171 * PP034282 PP034284
Tropicoporus zuzaneae Indonesia JV 1502/5-Zuz PP383896 –
Tropicoporus zuzaneae Thailand TBP00705 KT800054 –
Tropicoporus zuzaneae Thailand BCC 23706 KP059109 KP059108

Phylogenetic analyses

The two genetic markers were concatenated into a single multiple sequence alignment for phylogenetic analysis (TreeBase accession ID 31179; Study Accession URL: http://purl.org/phylo/treebase/phylows/study/TB2:S31179). Sequences of Phellinus betulinus (Murrill) Parmasto, obtained from GenBank, were used as the outgroups following Wu et al. (2022a). The phylogenetic analyses followed the approach of Du et al. (2021). Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian Inference (BI) analyses were performed based on the two datasets. The best-fit evolutionary model was selected by Hierarchical Likelihood Ratio Tests (HLRT) and Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) in MrModeltest 2.2 (Nylander 2004) after scoring 24 models of evolution in PAUP* version 4.0 beta 10 (Swofford 2002).

Sequences were analysed using Maximum Likelihood (ML) with RAxML-HPC through the CIPRES Science Gateway (www.phylo.org; Miller et al. 2009). Branch support for ML analysis was determined by 1000 bootstrap replicates. Bayesian phylogenetic inference was done in MrBayes 3.2.7a (Ronquist et al. 2012). Four Markov chains were run for 2 million generations (2-gene dataset) until the split deviation frequency value was less than 0.01, and trees were sampled every 1000 generations. The first 25% of the sampled trees were discarded as burn-in and the remaining ones were used to reconstruct a majority rule consensus and calculate Bayesian Posterior Probabilities (BPP) of the clades. All trees were viewed in FigTree v. 1.4.3 (http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree/). Branches that received ML bootstrap support of at least ≥75% and BPP of at least ≥ 0.90 BPP were considered as significantly supported. The significant ML bootstrap values and the BBP are presented on the topology from the ML analysis, respectively.

Results

Molecular phylogeny

The concatenated two-marker dataset included sequences from 77 samples representing 41 taxa. The dataset had an aligned length of 2371 characters, of which 1664 (70%) were constant, 193 (8%) were variable and parsimony-uninformative, and 514 (22%) were parsimony informative. The phylogenetic reconstructions performed with Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian Inference (BI) analyses produced similar topologies and only minor differences in statistical support. The best model-fit applied in the Bayesian analysis was GTR+I+G. Bayesian analysis resulted in a nearly congruent topology with respect to the ML analysis, and thus only the ML tree is provided (Fig. 1). And the average standard deviation of split frequencies was 0.005467 (BI).

Figure 1. 

Phylogeny of Tropicoporus generated by ML analyses based on combined ITS+nLSU sequences. Branches are labelled with maximum likelihood bootstrap higher than 75% and Bayesian posterior probabilities higher than 0.90. New species are indicated in bold.

Taxonomy

Tropicoporus oceanianus A.H. Zhu, Yuan Yuan & S.H. He, sp. nov.

MycoBank No: MycoBank No: 851484
Figs 2, 3

Type

Australia. Queensland, Cains, Whitfield Conservation Park, on living tree of Eucalyptus, 18.V.2018, Dai 18859 (holotype, BJFC027327, isotype will be sent to MEL).

Figure 2. 

Basidiomata of Tropicoporus oceanianus (Dai 18859, holotype).

Etymology

Oceanianus (Lat.): refers to the species being found in Oceania.

Figure 3. 

Microscopic structures of Tropicoporus oceanianus (drawn from the holotype Dai 18859) a basidiospores b basidia and basidioles c cystidioles d hymenial setae e hyphae from context f hyphae from trama. Scale bars: 5 µm (a); 10 µm (b–f).

Description

Basidiomata. Perennial, pileate, solitary, woody hard and without odor or taste when fresh, bone hard when dry; pilei ungulate to triquetrous, projecting up to 2 cm, 3 cm wide, and 2.5 cm thick at base; pileal surface vinaceous gray to black when fresh and dry, concentrically sulcate with narrow zones, velutinate to glabrous, encrusted with age, distinctly cracked; margin more or less acute, snuff brown. Pore surface fawn brown when fresh, becoming umber when dry, glancing; sterile margin fawn brown when fresh and dry, distinctly paler than pores, up to 2 mm wide; pores circular, 6–7 per mm; dissepiments thick, entire. Context homogeneous, fulvous, woody hard, up to 3 mm thick, a black crust present at pileal surface. Tubes concolorous with pore surface, bone hard to brittle, up to 22 mm long, annual layers indistinct.

Hyphal structure. Hyphal system trimitic in context, dimitic in trama; generative hyphae simple septate; all hyphae IKI–, CB–; tissue becoming blackish brown in KOH.

Context. Generative hyphae infrequent, pale yellowish, thin- to thick-walled, rarely branched, frequently septate, 2–3 µm in diam; skeletal hyphae dominant, yellowish to brown, thick-walled with a narrow to medium lumen, dichotomously branched like the so-called skeleto-binding hyphae, strongly flexuous, interwoven, skeletal parts 3–5 µm in diam.

Trama of the tubes. Generative hyphae hyaline to pale yellowish, thin- to thick-walled, rarely branched, frequently septate, 2–2.5 µm in diam; skeletal hyphae thick-walled with a medium lumen, rarely branched, aseptate, flexuous, loosely interwoven, 2.5–3 µm in diam; hymenial setae occasionally present, subulate, dark brown, 22–30 × 4.5–6.5 µm; cystidioles present, fusoid, hyaline, thin-walled, 10–18 × 3.5–5 µm; basidia barrel-shaped, with four sterigmata and a simple septum at the base, 9–12 × 4–5 µm; basidioles capitate, slightly smaller than basidia.

Spores. Basidiospores broadly ellipsoid to subglobose, thick-walled, mostly collapsed, IKI–, CB–, (5–)5.2–6(–6.1) × (3.8–)4–5(5.1) μm, L = 5.60 μm, W = 4.61 μm, Q = 1.21 (n = 30/1).

Tropicoporus zuzaneae A.H. Zhu, Yuan Yuan & S.H. He, sp. nov.

MycoBank No: MycoBank No: 851485
Figs 4, 5

Type

China. Hainan Province, Haikou, Guanlan Lake, on dead tree of Sonneratia, 28.XII.2020, Dai 22171 (holotype, BJFC036063).

Figure 4. 

Basidiomata of Tropicoporus zuzaneae (Dai 22171, holotype).

Etymology

Zuzaneae (Lat.): in honour of the collector Zuzana Egertova.

Figure 5. 

Microscopic structures of Tropicoporus zuzaneae (drawn from the holotype Dai 22171) a basidiospores b basidia and basidioles c cystidioles d hyphae from subiculum e hyphae from trama. Scale bars: 5 µm (a); 10 µm (b–e).

Description

Basidiomata. Perennial, resupinate, firmly attached to the substrate, corky and without distinctive odor or taste when fresh, hard corky when dry, up to 40 cm long, 3 cm wide, and 3 mm thick at center. Pore surface pinkish buff when fresh, fawn to snuff brown and cracked when dry, distinctly glancing; sterile margin paler than pores when fresh, pale mouse gray when dry, up to 3 mm wide, distinctly receding; pores angular to circular, 6–8 per mm; dissepiments thin, entire. Subiculum very thin to almost lacking, yellowish brown, corky, less than 0.1 mm thick. Tubes paler than pore surface, brittle, up to 2.9 mm long, annual layers indistinct.

Hyphal structure. Hyphal system dimitic; generative hyphae simple septate; all hyphae IKI–, CB–; tissue becoming blackish brown in KOH.

Subiculum. Generative hyphae hyaline to pale brownish, thin- to thick-walled, unbranched, frequently septate, 2–3 µm in diam; skeletal hyphae brownish, thick-walled with a wide lumen, unbranched, aseptate, strongly flexuous, interwoven, 2–3.5 µm in diam.

Trama of the tubes. Generative hyphae hyaline to pale yellowish, thin- to thick-walled, rarely branched, frequently septate, 1.8–2.8 µm in diam; skeletal hyphae yellowish, thick-walled with a wide lumen, unbranched, aseptate, more or less straight, subparallel along tubes, 2.5–3 µm in diam; hymenial setae absent; cystidioles present, fusoid, hyaline, thin-walled, 15–20 × 3.5–4.5 µm; basidia barrel-shaped, with four sterigmata and a simple septum at the base, 9–11 × 7–8 µm; basidioles dominant in hymenium, capitate, slightly smaller than basidia; rhomboid crystals frequently present in trama and hymenium.

Spores. Basidiospores broadly ellipsoid to subglobose, pale yellowish, slightly thick-walled, mostly collapsed, IKI–, CB(+), 3.8–4.9(–5.1) × (3–)3.1–4.2(–4.4) µm, L = 4.42 µm, W = 3.69 µm, Q = 1.2 (n = 30/1).

Additional specimens (paratypes) examined

China. Hainan Province, Haikou, Guanlan Lake, on dead tree of Sonneratia, 28.XII.2020, Dai 22168 (BJFC036060, sterile). Indonesia, Borneo, on Rhizopora apiculata, 17.II.2015, Zuzana Egertova, Vlasák JV1502/5-Zuz (JV and BJFC, sterile).

Discussion

Tropicoporus oceanianus is characterized by perennial and ungulate basidiomata with glancing pores, hymenial setae occasionally present, context with a trimitic and tube trama with a dimitic hyphal system, and broadly ellipsoid to subglobose basidiospores measuring 5.2–6 × 4–5 μm. Although we studied a single specimen (Dai 18859), three samples (MEL 2382654, MEL 2382727 and MEL 238278) from Australia have available sequences in GenBank, and their sequences (KP013017, KP012908 and KP012961) are identical to those of Dai 18859. We thus treat MEL 2382654, MEL 2382727 and MEL 238278 as Tropicoporus oceanianus in the present paper.

Phylogenetically, T. oceanianus seems to be unrelated to other species in Tropicoporus (Fig. 1). Morphologically, T. oceanianus is similar to T. cambodiensis (L.W. Zhou & W.M. Zhang) Y.C. Dai & F. Wu and T. inamoenus (Mont.) Y.C. Dai & F. Wu by sharing pileate and solitary basidiomata with concentrically sulcate and zonate at pileal surface, similar size of pores and basidiospores, but T. cambodiensis differs from T. oceanianus by a dimitic hyphal structure without skeleto-binding hyphae in context, and it has a distribution in Cambodia (Wu et al. 2022a). T. inamoenus is different from T. oceanianus by a dimitic hyphal structure without skeleto-binding hyphae in context, longer hymenial setae (28–45 × 10–15 µm vs. 22–30 × 4.5–6.5 µm), and has a distribution in India (Wu et al. 2022a).

Tropicoporus zuzaneae is characterized by perennial and resupinate basidiomata with receding margin, glancing pores as 6–8 per mm, very thin to almost lacking subiculum, a dimitic hyphal structure, the absence of any setal elements, broadly ellipsoid to subglobose basdiospores measuring 3.8–4.9 × 3.1–4.2 µm. We studied two Chinese specimens (Dai 18859, Dai 22168) and one Indonesian sample (JV 1502/5-Zuz), but two other samples (TBP00705 and BCC 23706) from Thailand have available sequences in GenBank, and their ITS sequences (KT800054 and KP059109) are identical to our studied samples. So, we treat TBP00705 and BCC 23706 as Tropicoporus zuzaneae.

Phylogenetically, the new species is closely related to Tropicoporus tenuis Y.C. Dai & F. Wu, T. ravidus Y.C. Dai & F. Wu, T. minor Y.C. Dai & F. Wu, T. detonsus (Fr.) Y.C. Dai & F. Wu, T. flabellatus V.R.T. Oliveira et al. and T. melleoporus (Murrill) Salvador-Montoya & Drechsler-Santos with strong support (Fig. 1), but these species are readily distinguished from T. zuzaneae by the presence of hymenial setae (Salvador-Montoya et al. 2020; Xavier de Lima et al. 2022; Wu et al. 2022a). Morphologically, Tropicoporus zuzaneae resembles T. anchietanus (Decock & Ryvarden) Y.C. Dai & F. Wu, T. carteri (Berk. ex Cooke) Y.C. Dai & F. Wu, T. purpureogilvus (Petch) Y.C. Dai & F. Wu and T. shaferi (Murrill) Y.C. Dai & F. Wu by sharing perennial and resupinate basidiomata with pore 6–9 per mm, and broadly ellipsoid to subglobose basidiospores, but the latter four species are different from T. zuzaneae by the presence of hymenial setae (Wu et al. 2022a).

Two new members of Tropicoporus are described in the present paper. Tropicoporus oceanianus is unique in the genus by its trimitic hyphal structure in context, and T. zuzaneae is unique in the genus by its absence of any setal elements. We thus modify the definition of Tropicoporus to be annual to perennial, resupinate to distinctly pileate basidiomata with yellow-brown to umber pore surface, mostly a dimitic hyphal system at least in trama, a few with trimitic or monomitic hyphal system in context, hymenial setae present in most species, and yellowish, slightly thick-walled, smooth, usually collapsed basidiospores which become darker in a 5% KOH solution in a few species, growing on angiosperm wood and causing a white rot.

Acknowledgements

Special thanks are due to Prof. Yu-Cheng Dai (Beijing Forestry University) and Dr. Josef Vlasák (Biology Centre of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic) who allowed us to study their specimens. We thank Qiu-Yue Zhang and Kai-Yue Luo (Beijing Forestry University) for helping in the laboratory examination of the samples. The language was improved by Dr. Genevieve Gates (Hobart, Australia).

Additional information

Conflict of interest

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Ethical statement

No ethical statement was reported.

Funding

The research was supported by the Research Project of Yunnan Key Laboratory of Gastrodia and Fungi Symbiotic Biology (TMKF2023A03), the Yunnan Province expert workstation program (No. 202205AF150014) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project No. 32161143013).

Author contributions

An-Hong Zhu and Zhan-Bo Liu designed the research and contributed to data analysis and interpretation. Hong-Gao Liu, Yue Li, Yuan Yuan and Shuang-Hui He prepared the samples, drawing and drafted the manuscript. Yuan Yuan and Shuang-Hui He discussed the results and edited the manuscript. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version.

Author ORCIDs

Zhan-Bo Liu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3894-5398

Yue Li https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4091-1506

Yuan Yuan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6674-9848

Shuang-Hui He https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4702-3034

Data availability

The sequences are deposited in the GenBank database (Table 1).

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