Research Article |
Corresponding author: Yong-Zhong Lu ( yzlu@git.edu.cn ) Academic editor: Xinlei Fan
© 2024 Xue-Mei Chen, Xia Tang, Jian Ma, Ning-Guo Liu, Saowaluck Tibpromma, Samantha C. Karunarathna, Yuan-Pin Xiao, Yong-Zhong Lu.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Chen X-M, Tang X, Ma J, Liu N-G, Tibpromma S, Karunarathna SC, Xiao Y-P, Lu Y-Z (2024) Identification of two new species and a new host record of Distoseptispora (Distoseptisporaceae, Distoseptisporales, Sordariomycetes) from terrestrial and freshwater habitats in Southern China. MycoKeys 102: 83-105. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.102.115452
|
During our investigation of saprophytic fungi in Guizhou and Hainan provinces, China, three hyphomycetes were collected from terrestrial and freshwater habitats. Based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of combined ITS, LSU, tef1-α, and rpb2 sequence data, two new species are introduced: Distoseptispora hainanensis and D. lanceolatispora. Additionally, one known species, D. tectonae, previously unreported from Edgeworthia chrysantha, is newly reported. Detailed descriptions, illustrations, and a phylogenetic tree to show the two new species and the new host record of Distoseptispora are provided. In addition, a checklist of Distoseptispora species with their locations, lifestyles, habitats, and hosts is provided.
2 new taxa, asexual morph, phylogeny, taxonomy
Distoseptispora K.D. Hyde, McKenzie & Maharachch. was introduced by
Distoseptispora has been found on various hosts viz. Tectona, Pandanus, bamboo, Clematis, Carex, Dipterocarpus, Licuala glabra, Cocos nucifera, Phragmites australis, Thysanolaena maxima, Platanus orientalis, and decaying wood and grasses (
In this study, three fresh hyphomycetous fungal collections were encountered during a microfungal investigation in Hainan and Guizhou provinces. Based on multi-gene phylogeny and morphological comparison, two new species, Distoseptispora hainanensis and D. lanceolatispora are introduced. In addition, a new host record of D. tectonae from Edgeworthia chrysantha is also reported.
Fresh specimens were collected from Hainan and Guizhou provinces in China. Fungal colonies were mounted on a slide with distilled water and were observed and examined using a stereomicroscope (SMZ 745, Nikon, Tokyo, Japan). Micro-morphological characteristics were captured with a Nikon EOS 90D digital camera combined with an ECLIPSE Ni-U compound microscope (Nikon, Tokyo, Japan). The sizes of the fungal structures were measured using the Tarosoft (R) Image Frame Work program (IFW 0.97 version), and the photo plates were processed with Adobe Photoshop CC 2019 (Adobe Systems, San Jose, CA, USA).
Single spore isolations were carried out following the methods described in
Fresh mycelia were scraped from cultures that were incubated at 25–27 °C for 28 days. Fungal genomic DNA was extracted using the Biospin Fungus Genomic DNA Extraction Kit (BioFlux, Shanghai, China), following the manufacturer’s instructions. Four gene regions: internal transcribed spacer (ITS), large subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1-α), and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2) were selected. The primers used in this study for each gene region were as follows: ITS4 and ITS5 for ITS (
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifications were carried out in a 50 µL reaction volume containing 44 μL of 1.1 × T3 Super PCR Mix (TsingKe Biotech, Chongqing, China), 2 µL of DNA template, and 2 µL of each forward and reverse primer. The amplification condition for LSU and ITS consisted of initial denaturation at 94 °C for 3 min, followed by 35 cycles of 45 s at 94 °C, 50 s at 56 °C, and 1 min at 72 °C, and a final extension period of 10 min at 72 °C. The amplification condition for the tef1-α gene consisted of initial denaturation at 94 °C for 3 min, followed by 30 cycles of 30 s at 94 °C, 50 s at 56 °C, and 1 min at 72 °C, a final extension period of 10 min at 72 °C. The amplification condition for the rpb2 gene consisted of initial denaturation at 95 °C for 5 min, followed by 35 cycles of 15 s at 95 °C, 50 s at 56 °C, and 1 min at 72 °C, a final extension period of 10 min at 72 °C. The quality of PCR amplification products was examined with 1% agarose electrophoresis gels stained with ethidium bromide, and the PCR products were sent to TsingKe Biotech, Chongqing, China for purification and sequencing.
The raw sequences were initially checked with BioEdit v 7.0.5.3 (
Names, strain numbers, and corresponding GenBank accession numbers of taxa used in this study.
Taxa names | Strain | GenBank Accessions | References | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LSU | ITS | tef1-α | rpb2 | |||
Aquapteridospora aquatica | MFLUCC 17-2371T | MW287767 | MW286493 | N/A | N/A |
|
Distoseptispora adscendens | HKUCC 10820 | DQ408561 | N/A | N/A | DQ435092 |
|
D. amniculi | MFLU 17-2129T | MZ868761 | MZ868770 | N/A | MZ892982 |
|
D. appendiculata | MFLUCC 18-0259T | MN163023 | MN163009 | MN174866 | N/A |
|
D. aqualignicola | KUNCC 21-10729T | ON400845 | OK341186 | OP413480 | OP413474 |
|
D. aquamyces | KUNCC 21-10731T | OK341199 | OK341187 | OP413482 | OP413476 |
|
D. aquatica | MFLUCC 15-0374T | KU376268 | MF077552 | N/A | N/A |
|
MFLUCC 18-0646 | MK849793 | MK828648 | N/A | N/A |
|
|
D. aquisubtropica | GZCC 22-0075T | ON527941 | ON527933 | ON533677 | ON533685 |
|
D. atroviridis | GZCC 20-0511T | MZ868763 | MZ868772 | MZ892978 | MZ892984 |
|
D. bambusae | MFLUCC 20-0091T | MT232718 | MT232713 | MT232880 | MT232881 |
|
MFLUCC 14-0583 | MT232717 | MT232712 | N/A | MT232882 |
|
|
D. bambusicola | GZCC 21-0667T | MZ474872 | MZ474873 | N/A | N/A |
|
D. bangkokensis | MFLUCC 18-0262T | MZ518206 | MZ518205 | N/A | N/A |
|
D. cangshanensis | MFLUCC 16-0970T | MG979761 | MG979754 | MG988419 | N/A |
|
D. caricis | CPC 36498T | MN567632 | MN562124 | N/A | MN556805 |
|
CPC 36442 | N/A | MN562125 | N/A | MN556806 |
|
|
D. chinensis | GZCC 21-0665T | MZ474867 | MZ474871 | MZ501609 | N/A |
|
D. clematidis | MFLUCC 17-2145T | MT214617 | MT310661 | N/A | MT394721 |
|
D. crassispora | KUMCC 21-10726T | OK341196 | OK310698 | OP413479 | OP413473 |
|
D. curvularia | KUMCC 21-10725T | OK341195 | OK310697 | OP413478 | OP413472 |
|
D. cylindricospora | DLUCC 1906T | OK513523 | OK491122 | OK524220 | N/A |
|
D. dehongensis | KUMCC 18-0090T | MK079662 | MK085061 | MK087659 | N/A |
|
D. dipterocarpi | MFLUCC 22-0104T | OP600052 | OP600053 | N/A | OP595140 |
|
D. effusa | GZCC 19-0532T | MZ227224 | MW133916 | N/A | N/A |
|
D. euseptata | MFLUCC 20-0154T | MW081544 | MW081539 | N/A | MW151860 |
|
MFLU 20-0568 | MW081545 | MW081540 | MW084994 | MW084996 |
|
|
D. fasciculata | KUMCC 19-0081T | MW287775 | MW286501 | MW396656 | N/A |
|
D. fluminicola | MFLUCC 15-0417T | KU376270 | MF077553 | N/A | N/A |
|
D. fusiformis | GZCC 20-0512T | MZ868764 | MZ868773 | MZ892979 | MZ892985 |
|
D. gasaensis | HJAUP C2034T | OQ942891 | OQ942896 | OQ944455 | N/A |
|
D. guanshanensis | HJAUP C1063T | OQ942898 | OQ942894 | OQ944452 | OQ944458 |
|
D. guizhouensis | GZCC 21-0666T | MZ474869 | MZ474868 | MZ501610 | MZ501611 |
|
D. guttulata | MFLUCC 16-0183T | MF077554 | MF077543 | MF135651 | N/A |
|
DLUCC B43 | MN163016 | MN163011 | N/A | N/A |
|
|
D. hainanensis | GZCC 22-2047T | OR438894 | OR427328 | OR449122 | OR449119 | This study |
D. hyalina | MFLUCC 17-2128T | MZ868760 | MZ868769 | MZ892976 | MZ892981 |
|
D. hydei | MFLUCC 20-0481T | MT742830 | MT734661 | N/A | MT767128 |
|
D. jinghongensis | HJAUP C2120T | OQ942893 | OQ942897 | OQ944456 | N/A |
|
D. lancangjiangensis | KUN-HKAS 112712T | MW879522 | MW723055 | N/A | MW882260 |
|
D. lanceolatispora | GZCC 22-2045T | OR43BB95 | OR427329 | OR449123 | OR449120 | This study |
D. leonensis | HKUCC 10822 | DQ408566 | N/A | N/A | DQ435089 |
|
D. licualae | MFLUCC 14-1163AT | ON650675 | ON650686 | ON734007 | N/A |
|
MFLUCC 14-1163BT | ON650676 | ON650687 | ON734008 | N/A |
|
|
D. lignicola | MFLUCC 18-0198T | MK849797 | MK828651 | N/A | N/A |
|
D. longispora | HFJAU 0705T | MH555357 | MH555359 | N/A | N/A |
|
D. longnanensis | HJAUP C1040T | OQ942886 | OQ942887 | OQ944451 | N/A |
|
D. martinii | CGMCC 3.18651T | KX033566 | KU999975 | N/A | N/A |
|
D. meilingensis | JAUCC 4727T | OK562396 | OK562390 | OK562408 | N/A |
|
D. menghaiensis | HJAUP C2045T | OQ942900 | OQ942890 | N/A | N/A |
|
HJAUP C2170T | OQ942888 | OQ942899 | OQ944457 | OQ944461 |
|
|
D. mengsongensis | HJAUP C2126T | OP78784 | OP787876 | OP961937 | N/A |
|
D. multiseptata | MFLUCC 16-1044 | MF077555 | MF077544 | MF135652 | MF135644 |
|
MFLUCC 15-0609T | KX710140 | KX710145 | MF135659 | N/A |
|
|
D. nabanheensis | HJAUP C2003T | OP787877 | OP787873 | OP961935 | N/A |
|
D. nanchangensis | HJAUP C1074T | OQ942895 | OQ942889 | OQ944454 | OQ944460 |
|
D. neorostrata | MFLUCC 18-0376T | MN163017 | MN163008 | N/A | N/A |
|
D. nonrostrata | KUNCC 21-10730T | OK341198 | OK310699 | OP413481 | OP413475 |
|
D. obclavata | MFLUCC 18-0329T | MN163010 | MN163012 | N/A | N/A |
|
D. obpyriformis | MFLUCC 17-1694T | MG979764 | N/A | MG988422 | MG988415 |
|
DLUCC 0867 | MG979765 | MG979757 | MG988423 | MG988416 |
|
|
D. pachyconidia | KUMCC 21-10724T | OK341194 | OK310696 | OP413477 | OP413471 |
|
D. palmarum | MFLUCC 18-1446T | MK079663 | MK085062 | MK087660 | MK087670 |
|
D. phangngaensis | MFLUCC 16-0857T | MF077556 | MF077545 | MF135653 | N/A |
|
D. phragmiticola | GUCC 22-0202T | OP749881 | OP749888 | OP749892 | OP752700 |
|
D. rayongensis | MFLUCC 18-0415T | MH457137 | MH457172 | MH463253 | MH463255 |
|
MFLUCC 18-0417 | MH457138 | MH457173 | MH463254 | MH463256 |
|
|
D. rostrata | MFLUCC 16-0969T | MG979766 | MG979758 | MG988424 | MG988417 |
|
DLUCC 0885 | MG979767 | MG979759 | MG988425 | N/A |
|
|
D. saprophytica | MFLUCC 18-1238T | MW287780 | MW286506 | MW396651 | MW504069 |
|
D. septata | GZCC 22-0078T | ON527947 | ON527939 | ON533683 | ON533690 |
|
D. sinensis | HJAUP C2044T | OP787875 | OP787878 | OP961936 | N/A |
|
D. songkhlaensis | MFLUCC 18-1234T | MW287755 | MW286482 | MW396642 | N/A |
|
D. suoluoensis | MFLUCC 17-0224T | MF077557 | MF077546 | MF135654 | N/A |
|
MFLUCC 17-1305 | MF077558 | MF077547 | N/A | N/A |
|
|
D. tectonae | MFLUCC 12-0291T | KX751713 | KX751711 | KX751710 | KX751708 |
|
MFLU 20-0262 | MT232719 | MT232714 | N/A | N/A |
|
|
MFLUCC 16-0946 | MG979768 | MG979760 | MG988426 | MG988418 |
|
|
D. tectonae | GZCC 22-2046 | OR348896 | OR427330 | OR449124 | OR449121 | This study |
D. tectonigena | MFLUCC 12-0292T | KX751714 | KX751712 | N/A | KX751709 |
|
D. thailandica | MFLUCC 16-0270T | MH260292 | MH275060 | MH412767 | N/A |
|
D. thysanolaenae | KUN-HKAS 102247T | MK064091 | MK045851 | MK086031 | N/A | Phukhamsak et al. (2019) |
D. tropica | GZCC 22-0076T | ON527943 | ON527935 | ON533679 | ON533687 |
|
D. verrucosa | GZCC20-0434T | MZ868762 | MZ868771 | MZ892977 | MZ892983 |
|
D. wuzhishanensis | GZCC 22-0077T | ON527946 | ON527938 | ON533682 | N/A |
|
D. xishuangbannaensis | KUMCC 17-0290T | MH260293 | MH275061 | MH412768 | MH412754 |
|
D. yichunensis | HJAUP C1065T | OQ942892 | OQ942885 | OQ944453 | OQ944459 |
|
D. yongxiuensis | JAUCC 4725T | OK562394 | OK562388 | OK562406 | N/A |
|
D. yunjushanensis | JAUCC 4723T | OK562398 | OK562392 | OK562410 | N/A |
|
D. yunnanensis | MFLUCC 20-0153T | MW081546 | MW081541 | MW084995 | MW151861 |
|
The phylogenetic analyses were conducted using the CIPRES Science Gateway V. 3.3. “RAxML-HPC v.8 on XSEDE”, “PAUP on XSEDE”, and “MrBayes on XSEDE (3.2.7a)” were utilized for ML, MP, and BYPP methods, respectively (
The MP analysis employed 1,000 random taxa additions to infer trees. Branches of zero length were collapsed, and all multiple parsimonious trees were saved. The maxtrees value was set to 5,000. For trees generated using different optimal criteria, parsimony score values were determined for tree length (TL), consistency index (CI), retention index (RI), and homoplasy index (HI). To assess clade stability, the bootstrap (BT) method was used with 1,000 iterations, each consisting of 100 trials of random stepwise addition of taxa (
The posterior probabilities (PP) were determined based on Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling (
FigTree v. 1.4.4. was used for visualizing the phylogenetic trees, and Adobe Illustrator CC 2019v. 23.1.0 was used to edit trees and figure layout.
This study utilized a combined multi-gene dataset encompassing ITS, LSU, tef1-α, and rpb2 sequences to assess the phylogenetic relationships among Distoseptispora species. The analyses included a total of 90 taxa, designating Aquapteridospora aquatica X.D. Yu, W. Dong & H. Zhang (MFLUCC 17-2371) as the outgroup taxon. The combined aligned sequence matrix comprised 3,360 characters, including gaps: LSU (1–840 bp), ITS (841–1406 bp), tef1-α (1407–2321 bp), and rpb2 (2322–3360 bp). The ML, MP, and Bayesian trees analyzed exhibited a high degree of similarity in topology and showed no significant conflicts. The RAxML analysis yielded a best-scoring tree (ln = -31666.963504), which is presented in Fig.
Phylogenetic tree generated from ML analysis based on a combination of LSU, ITS, tef1-a, and rpb2 sequence data. Bootstrap support values of ML and MP equal to or greater than 75%, and PP value equal to or greater than 0.95 are given near the nodes as ML/PP/MP. The tree is rooted with Aquapteridospora aquatica (MFLUCC 17-2371). Ex-type strains are indicated by the superscript T. The new collections are in bold red text.
In the phylogenetic analyses (Fig.
The epithet refers to the location “Hainan Province” where the holotype was collected.
GZAAS 22-2047.
Saprobic on decaying wood in terrestrial habitat. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Colonies on natural substrate superficial, effuse, dark brown, and hairy. Mycelium mostly immersed, composed of branched, septate, brown to dark brown, smooth hyphae. Conidiophores 70–130 × 5–8.5 μm (x– = 103 × 7 μm, n = 20), macronematous, mononematous, erect, solitary, straight or slightly flexuous, brown to dark brown, paler towards the apex, cylindrical, 4–6-septate, slightly constricted and darkened at septa, unbranched, thick-walled. Conidiogenous cells 6–13 × 3.5–6.5 μm (x– = 10 × 5 μm, n = 20), holoblastic, monoblastic, integrated, terminal, indeterminate, cylindrical, slightly tapering towards the apex, brown, percurrent. Conidia 44–117 μm × 9–18.5 μm (x– = 90 × 14 μm, n = 20), acrogenous, solitary, obclavate or obpyriform, rostrate, truncate at the base, straight or slightly curved, up to 22-distoseptate, slightly constricted at septa, brown, verrucose.
Colonies grown on PDA circular, dense, fluffy, with raised center and lobate edge, pale gray in the center, grayish brown in the outer ring from the front view, dark brown in the center, and blackish brown in the outer ring from the reverse view.
China, Hainan Province, on unidentified decaying wood, 15 May 2021, Xia Tang, HN02 (GZAAS 22-2047, holotype), ex-type living culture, GZCC 22-2047.
Morphologically, Distoseptispora hainanensis is similar to D. effusa L.L. Liu & Z.Y. Liu in having macronematous conidiophores, monoblastic conidiogenous cells, and acrogenous, obclavate, rostrate conidia (
Referring to the lanceolate conidia.
GZAAS 22-2045.
Saprobic on submerged decaying wood in freshwater habitat. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Colonies on substrate effuse, gregarious, hairy, pale brown to brown. Mycelium mostly immersed, composed of septate, yellow-brown to brown, smooth hyphae. Conidiophores 120–190 × 4–8 µm (x– = 155 × 6.5 µm, n = 20), macronematous, mononematous, erect, solitary, straight or slightly flexuous, grayish brown to dark brown, slightly tapering towards the apex, cylindrical, 7–8-septate, unbranched, thick-walled, smooth-walled. Conidiogenous cells 15–27 × 3–5.5 µm (x– = 20.5 × 4.5 µm, n = 20), monoblastic, integrated, terminal, cylindrical, slightly tapering towards the apex, pale brown, percurrent. Conidia 31–90 × 9.5–15 µm (x– = 58.5 × 13 µm, n = 20), acrogenous, solitary, fusiform or lanceolate, rostrate, truncate at the base, straight or slightly curved, 5–13-distoseptate, slightly constricted at septa, olivaceous to olivaceous brown, slightly paler at the apex, verrucous, with or without apical, hyalina appendages.
Colonies grown on PDA circular, dense, flat, dry, gray to dark gray, radially striated, and a ring in the middle of the colonies with an entire edge from the front view, dark brown to black with a circular, gray edge from reverse view, not pigmented.
China, Hainan Province, on submerged decaying wood in a freshwater stream, 23 October 2021, Jian Ma, J13 (GZAAS 22-2045, holotype), ex-type living culture, GZCC 22-2045.
Distoseptispora lanceolatispora is morphologically similar to D. leonensis (M.B. Ellis) R. Zhu & H. Zhang. However, compared to D. lanceolatispora, D. leonensis has longer conidiophores (120–190 µm vs. 110–130 µm), longer conidiogenous cells (15–27 µm vs. 5–15 µm), and 5–13-distoseptate, fusiform or lanceolate conidia (
Saprobic on dead twigs of Edgeworthia chrysantha. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Colonies on natural substrate abundant, superficial, dark brown, hairy. Conidiophores 35–80 μm × 4–7.5 μm (x– = 58 × 5.5 μm, n = 20), macronematous, mononematous, simple, erect to slightly curved, solitary, pale brown to dark brown, cylindrical, 2–4-septate, slightly constricted at the septa, unbranched, thick-walled. Conidiogenous cells 6–10 μm × 3.5–6.5 μm (x– = 8 × 4.5 μm, n = 20), holoblastic, monoblastic, integrated, terminal, cylindrical, slightly tapering towards the apex, brown to reddish brown, percurrent. Conidia 190–255 μm × 9.5–16 μm (x– = 220 μm × 13 μm, n = 20), 5–16 μm (x– = 13 μm, n = 20) wide at the protruding truncate base; 4.5–8 μm (x– = 6.5 μm, n = 20) wide in the tapering part, acrogenous, solitary, obclavate, elongate, rostrate, straight or curved, tapering towards the apex, 9–39-distoseptate, olivaceous-green when young, dark reddish brown at maturity, verrucose.
Conidia germinating on PDA within 24 h, colonies circular, dense, umbonate, spreading, fluffy. The surface is slightly rough with reddish-gray mycelium, colonies somewhat raised in the middle, and with a filiform edge. The reverse side is dark gray with a circular, pale reddish-gray edge, not pigmented.
China, Guizhou Province, Guiyang City, Guiyang Medicinal Botanical Garden, on dead twigs of Edgeworthia chrysantha, 20 August 2022, Xia Tang, JX30 (GZAAS 22-2046), living culture, GZCC 22-2046.
Tectona grandis (Thailand,
Distoseptispora tectonae was first isolated from a dead twig of Tectona grandis in Thailand (
Distoseptispora is one of the sporidesmium-like taxa and is well-known for its asexual morph, which has considerable morphological variations (
Worth noting, among the various species of Distoseptispora, D. martinii (J.L. Crane & Dumont) J.W. Xia & X.G. Zhang stands out due to its unique morphological characteristics, especially its oblate or subglobose conidia, distinguishing it from other species within Distoseptispora (
In recent years, Distoseptispora species have been reported worldwide, such as in China, Hungary, Hawaii, Malaysia, and Thailand (
Distoseptispora species and their locations, lifestyles, habitats, hosts, and corresponding references.
Species | Country | Habitat | Host | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
D. adscendens | China; Hungary; Hawaii | Terrestrial | Decaying wood and decaying branches of many woody plant species; Platanus orientalis |
|
D. amniculi | Thailand | Freshwater | Submerged decaying wood |
|
D. appendiculata | Thailand | Freshwater | Submerged decaying wood |
|
D. aqualignicola | China | Freshwater | Submerged decaying wood |
|
D. aquamyces | China | Freshwater | Submerged decaying wood |
|
D. aquatica | China | Freshwater | Submerged decaying wood |
|
D. aquisubtropica | China | Freshwater | Submerged decaying wood |
|
D. atroviridis | China | Freshwater | Submerged decaying wood |
|
D. bambusae | China | Terrestrial | Decaying bamboo culms |
|
D. bambusicola | China | Freshwater | Submerged bamboo culms |
|
D. bangkokensis | Thailand | Freshwater | Submerged decaying wood |
|
D. cangshanensis | China | Freshwater | Submerged decaying wood |
|
D. caricis | Thailand | Terrestrial | Leaves of Carex sp. |
|
D. chinensis | China | Freshwater | Submerged decaying wood |
|
D. clematidis | China; Thailand | Freshwater; Terrestrial | Dried stem of Clematis sikkimensis; submerged decaying wood |
|
D. crassispora | China | Freshwater | Submerged decaying wood |
|
D. curvularia | China | Freshwater | Submerged decaying wood |
|
D. cylindricospora | China | Freshwater | Submerged decaying wood |
|
D. dehongensis | China; Thailand | Freshwater | Submerged decaying wood |
|
D. dipterocarpi | Thailand | Terrestrial | Woody litter of Dipterocarpus sp. |
|
D. effusa | China | Freshwater | Submerged decaying wood |
|
D. euseptata | China | Freshwater | Submerged decaying wood |
|
D. fasciculata | Thailand | Freshwater | Submerged decaying wood |
|
D. fluminicola | China | Freshwater | Submerged decaying wood |
|
D. fusiformis | China | Freshwater | Submerged decaying wood |
|
D. gasaensis | China | Terrestrial | Decaying branches of broadleaf tree |
|
D. guanshanensis | China | Terrestrial | Decaying branches of broadleaf tree |
|
D. guizhouensis | China | Terrestrial | Decaying wood |
|
D. guttulata | Thailand | Freshwater | Submerged decaying wood |
|
D. hainanensis | China | Terrestrial | Decaying wood | This study |
D. hyalina | Thailand | Freshwater | Submerged decaying wood |
|
D. hydei | Thailand | Terrestrial | Decaying bamboo culms |
|
D. jinghongensis | China | Terrestrial | Decaying branches of broadleaf tree |
|
D. lancangjiangensis | China | Freshwater | Submerged decaying wood |
|
D. lanceolatispora | China | Freshwater | Submerged decaying wood | This study |
D. leonensis | China; Malaysia | Terrestrial | Decaying culms of grasses or decaying branches |
|
D. licualae | Thailand | Terrestrial | Decaying leaves of Licuala glabra |
|
D. lignicola | China; Thailand | Freshwater | Submerged decaying wood |
|
D. longispora | China | Freshwater | Submerged decaying wood |
|
D. longnanensis | China | Terrestrial | Decaying branches of broadleaf tree |
|
D. martinii | China | Terrestrial | Decaying branches |
|
D. meilingensis | China | Freshwater | Decaying bamboo culms |
|
D. menghaiensis | China | Terrestrial | Decaying branches of broadleaf tree |
|
D. menglunensis | China | Terrestrial | Decaying branches of broadleaf tree |
|
D. mengsongensis | China | Terrestrial | Decaying branches |
|
D. multiseptata | Thailand | Freshwater | Submerged decaying wood |
|
D. nabanheensis | China | Terrestrial | Decaying branches |
|
D. nanchangensis | China | Terrestrial | Decaying branches of broadleaf tree |
|
D. neorostrata | Thailand | Freshwater | Submerged decaying wood |
|
D. nonrostrata | China | Freshwater | Submerged decaying wood |
|
D. obclavata | Thailand | Freshwater | Submerged decaying wood |
|
D. obpyriformis | China | Freshwater | Submerged decaying wood |
|
D. pachyconidia | China | Freshwater; Terrestrial | Submerged decaying wood; decaying wood |
|
D. palmarum | Thailand | Terrestrial | Rachis of Cocos nucifera |
|
D. phangngaensis | Thailand | Freshwater | Submerged decaying wood |
|
D. phragmiticola | China | Terrestrial | Decaying Phragmites australis |
|
D. rayongensis | Thailand | Freshwater | Submerged decaying wood |
|
D. rostrata | China | Freshwater | Submerged decaying wood |
|
D. saprophytica | Thailand | Freshwater | Submerged decaying wood |
|
D. septata | China | Freshwater | Submerged decaying wood |
|
D. sinensis | China | Terrestrial | Decaying branches |
|
D. songkhlaensis | Thailand | Freshwater | Submerged decaying wood |
|
D. suoluoensis | China | Freshwater | Submerged decaying wood |
|
D. tectonae | China; Thailand | Terrestrial; Freshwater | Decaying twig of Tectona grandis; stems of dead wood; submerged decaying wood; decaying twigs of Edgeworthia chrysantha |
|
D. tectonigena | Thailand | Terrestrial | Decaying twig of Tectona grandis |
|
D. thailandica | Thailand | Terrestrial | Decaying leaves of Pandanus sp. |
|
D. thysanolaenae | China | Terrestrial; Freshwater | Decaying culms of Thysanolaena maxima; Submerged decaying wood |
|
D. tropica | China | Terrestrial | Decaying wood |
|
D. verrucosa | China | Freshwater | Submerged decaying wood |
|
D. wuzhishanensis | China | Freshwater | Submerged decaying wood |
|
D. xishuangbannaensis | China | Terrestrial; Freshwater | Decaying leaves of Pandanus utilis; submerged decaying wood |
|
D. yichunensis | China | Terrestrial | Decaying branches of broadleaf tree |
|
D. yongxiuensis | China | Freshwater | Decaying bamboo culms |
|
D. yunjushanensis | China | Freshwater | Decaying bamboo culms |
|
D. yunnanensis | China | Freshwater | Submerged decaying wood |
|
The authors thank Shaun Pennycook, Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research, New Zealand, for his guidance on the fungal nomenclature and the suggestion on naming the new taxa. The authors also thank the Guizhou Institute of Technology for its support of the experiment. Samantha Chandranath Karunarathna thanks the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Numbers 32260004) and the High-Level Talent Recruitment Plan of Yunnan Province (“High-End Foreign Experts” program) for their support.
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
No ethical statement was reported.
This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC 32360011).
Conceptualization - Xue-Mei Chen and Yong-Zhong Lu; data curation - Xue-Mei Chen, Xia Tang, Jian Ma, Ning-Guo Liu; formal analysis - Yuan-Pin Xiao, Xue-Mei Chen, Xia Tang, Jian Ma; funding acquisition - Yong-Zhong Lu; investigation - Saowaluck Tibpromma, Samantha C. Karunarathna, Yuan-Pin Xiao, Yong-Zhong Lu; methodology - Xue-Mei Chen, Yong-Zhong Lu; project administration - Yuan-Pin Xiao, Yong-Zhong Lu; resources - Yong-Zhong Lu, Saowaluck Tibpromma, Samantha C. Karunarathna; software - Xue-Mei Chen; supervision - Yong-Zhong Lu, Saowaluck Tibpromma, Samantha C. Karunarathna; validation - Xue-Mei Chen, Xia Tang, Jian Ma, Ning-Guo Liu; visualization - Saowaluck Tibpromma, Samantha C. Karunarathna; writing original draft - Xue-Mei Chen; writing, review and editing - Xue-Mei Chen, Xia Tang, Jian Ma, Ning-Guo Liu, Saowaluck Tibpromma, Samantha C. Karunarathna, Yuan-Pin Xiao, Yong-Zhong Lu. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
Xue-Mei Chen https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8631-0735
Xia Tang https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2705-604X
Jian Ma https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1291-640X
Ning-Guo Liu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9169-2350
Saowaluck Tibpromma https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4706-6547
Samantha C. Karunarathna https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7080-0781
Yuan-Pin Xiao https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1730-3545
Yong-Zhong Lu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1033-5782
All of the data that support the findings of this study are available in the main text.