Research Article |
Corresponding author: Qin Yang ( 15117957480@163.com ) Academic editor: Thorsten Lumbsch
© 2024 Hong Y. Liu, Dun Luo, Han L. Huang, Qin Yang.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Liu HY, Luo D, Huang HL, Yang Q (2024) Two new species of Diaporthe (Diaporthaceae, Diaporthales) associated with Camellia oleifera leaf spot disease in Hainan Province, China. MycoKeys 102: 225-243. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.102.113412
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Tea-oil tree (Camellia oleifera Abel.) is an important edible oil woody plant with a planting area over 3,800,000 hectares in southern China. Species of Diaporthe inhabit a wide range of plant hosts as plant pathogens, endophytes and saprobes. Here, we conducted an extensive field survey in Hainan Province to identify and characterise Diaporthe species associated with tea-oil leaf spots. As a result, eight isolates of Diaporthe were obtained from symptomatic C. oleifera leaves. These isolates were studied, based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses of partial ITS, cal, his3, tef1 and tub2 gene regions. Two new Diaporthe species (D. hainanensis and D. pseudofoliicola) were proposed and described herein.
DNA phylogeny, systematics, taxonomy, tea-oil tree, two new taxa
Tea-oil tree, Camellia oleifera Abel., is a unique woody edible oil species in China, mainly distributed in the Qinling-Huaihe River area. It has a long history of cultivation and utilisation for more than 2300 years since ancient China (
The expanding cultivation of C. oleifera over the last several decades has attracted increasing attention from plant pathologists to infectious diseases on this crop. Therein, diseases caused by Diaporthe species have become the emerging Camellia leaf diseases in southern China (
Species identification criteria in Diaporthe has mainly relied on host association, morphology and culture characteristics (
The classification of Diaporthe has been on-going; however, little is known about species able to infect C. oleifera. Thus, the objective of the present study was to identify the prevalence of Diaporthe spp. associated with tea-oil tree leaf spot in the major plantations in Hainan Province, based on morphological and phylogenetic features.
Leaves of C. oleifera with typical symptoms of leaf spots were collected from the main tea-oil camellia production fields in Hainan Province. Small sections (3 × 3 mm) were cut from the margins of infected tissues and surface-sterilised in 75% ethanol for 30 s, then sterilised in 5% sodium hypochlorite for 1 min, followed by three rinses with sterilised water and finally dried on sterilised filter paper (
Agar plugs (6 mm diam.) were taken from the edge of actively growing cultures on PDA and transferred on to the centre of 9 cm diam. Petri dishes containing 2% tap water agar supplemented with sterile pine needles (PNA;
Genomic DNA was extracted from colonies grown on cellophane-covered PDA using a CTAB (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) method (
The quality of the amplified nucleotide sequences was checked and combined using SeqMan v.7.1.0 and reference sequences were retrieved from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), based on recent publications on the genus Diaporthe (
The phylogenetic analyses of the combined gene regions were performed using Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian Inference (BI) methods. ML was conducted using PhyML v.3.0 (
Isolates and GenBank accession numbers used in the phylogenetic analyses of Diaporthe.
Species | Isolate | GenBank accession numbers | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ITS | cal | his3 | tef1 | tub2 | ||
Diaporthe acaciigena | CBS 129521 | KC343005 | KC343247 | KC343489 | KC343731 | KC343973 |
Diaporthe acericola | MFLUCC 17-0956 | KY964224 | KY964137 | NA | KY964180 | KY964074 |
Diaporthe acerigena | CFCC 52554 | MH121489 | MH121413 | MH121449 | MH121531 | NA |
Diaporthe acuta | PSCG 047 | MK626957 | MK691125 | MK726161 | MK654802 | MK691225 |
Diaporthe acutispora | LC6161 | KX986764 | KX999274 | KX999235 | KX999155 | KX999195 |
Diaporthe aestuarium | BRIP 59930a | OM918686 | NA | NA | OM960595 | OM960613 |
Diaporthe alangii | CFCC 52556 | MH121491 | MH121415 | MH121451 | MH121533 | MH121573 |
Diaporthe albosinensis | CFCC 53066 | MK432659 | MK442979 | MK443004 | MK578133 | MK578059 |
Diaporthe alleghaniensis | CBS 495.72 | KC343007 | KC343249 | KC343491 | KC343733 | KC343975 |
Diaporthe ambigua | CBS 114015 | KC343010 | KC343252 | KC343494 | KC343736 | KC343978 |
Diaporthe ampelina | STE-U 2660 | AF230751 | AY745026 | NA | AY745056 | JX275452 |
Diaporthe amygdali | CBS 126679 | MH864208 | KC343264 | KC343506 | KC343748 | KC343990 |
Diaporthe amygdali syn. D. chongqingensis | PSCG 435 | MK626916 | MK691209 | MK726257 | MK654866 | MK691321 |
Diaporthe amygdali syn. D. fusicola | CGMCC 3.17087 | KF576281 | KF576233 | NA | KF576256 | KF576305 |
Diaporthe amygdali syn. D. garethjonesii | MFLUCC 12-0542a | KT459423 | KT459470 | NA | KT459457 | KT459441 |
Diaporthe amygdali syn. D. kadsurae | CFCC 52586 | MH121521 | MH121439 | MH121479 | MH121563 | MH121600 |
Diaporthe amygdali syn. D. mediterranea | SAUCC194.111 | MT822639 | MT855718 | MT855606 | MT855836 | MT855951 |
Diaporthe amygdali syn. D. ovoicicola | CGMCC 3.17093 | KF576265 | KF576223 | NA | KF576240 | KF576289 |
Diaporthe amygdali syn. D. sterilis | CBS 136969 | KJ160579 | KJ160548 | MF418350 | KJ160611 | KJ160528 |
Diaporthe amygdali syn. D. ternstroemiae | CGMCC 3.15183 | KC153098 | NA | NA | KC153089 | NA |
Diaporthe anacardii | CBS 720.97 | KC343024 | KC343266 | KC343508 | KC343750 | KC343992 |
Diaporthe angelicae | CBS 111592 | KC343027 | KC343269 | KC343511 | KC343753 | KC343995 |
Diaporthe annellsiae | BRIP 59731a | OM918687 | NA | NA | OM960596 | OM960614 |
Diaporthe apiculata | CFCC 53068 | MK432651 | MK442973 | MK442998 | MK578127 | MK578054 |
Diaporthe aquatica | IFRDCC 3051 | JQ797437 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Diaporthe arctii | DP0482 | KJ590736 | KJ612133 | KJ659218 | KJ590776 | KJ610891 |
Diaporthe arecae | CBS 161.64 | KC343032 | KC343274 | KC343516 | KC343758 | KC344000 |
Diaporthe arengae | CBS 114979 | KC343034 | KC343276 | KC343518 | KC343760 | KC344002 |
Diaporthe aseana | MFLUCC 12-0299a | KT459414 | KT459464 | NA | KT459448 | KT459432 |
Diaporthe asheicola | CBS 136967 | KJ160562 | KJ160542 | NA | KJ160594 | KJ160518 |
Diaporthe aspalathi | CBS 117169 | KC343036 | KC343278 | KC343520 | KC343762 | KC344004 |
Diaporthe australafricana | CBS 111886 | KC343038 | KC343280 | KC343522 | KC343764 | KC344006 |
Diaporthe australiana | CBS 146457 | MN708222 | NA | NA | MN696522 | MN696530 |
Diaporthe australpacifica | BRIP 60163d | OM918688 | NA | NA | OM960597 | OM960615 |
Diaporthe baccae | CBS 136972 | KJ160565 | MG281695 | MF418264 | KJ160597 | MF418509 |
Diaporthe batatas | CBS 122.21 | KC343040 | KC343282 | KC343524 | KC343766 | KC344008 |
Diaporthe bauhiniae | CFCC 53071 | MK432648 | MK442970 | MK442995 | MK578124 | MK578051 |
Diaporthe beasleyi | BRIP 59326a | OM918689 | NA | NA | OM960598 | OM960616 |
Diaporthe beilharziae | BRIP 54792 | JX862529 | NA | NA | JX862535 | KF170921 |
Diaporthe benedicti | SBen914 | KM669929 | KM669862 | NA | KM669785 | NA |
Diaporthe betulae | CFCC 50469 | KT732950 | KT732997 | KT732999 | KT733016 | KT733020 |
Diaporthe betulicola | CFCC 51128 | KX024653 | KX024659 | KX024661 | KX024655 | KX024657 |
Diaporthe betulina | CFCC 52560 | MH121495 | MH121419 | MH121455 | MH121537 | MH121577 |
Diaporthe biconispora | ZJUD62 | KJ490597 | NA | KJ490539 | KJ490476 | KJ490418 |
Diaporthe biguttulata | ZJUD47 | KJ490582 | NA | KJ490524 | KJ490461 | KJ490403 |
CFCC 52584 | MH121519 | MH121437 | MH121477 | MH121561 | MH121598 | |
Diaporthe bohemiae | CBS 143347 | MG281015 | MG281710 | MG281361 | MG281536 | MG281188 |
Diaporthe bounty | BRIP 59361a | OM918690 | NA | NA | OM960599 | OM960617 |
Diaporthe brasiliensis | CBS 133183 | KC343042 | KC343284 | KC343526 | KC343768 | KC344010 |
Diaporthe breyniae | CBS 148910 | ON400846 | ON409189 | ON409187 | ON409188 | ON409186 |
Diaporthe brumptoniae | BRIP 59403a | OM918702 | NA | NA | OM960611 | OM960629 |
Diaporthe caatingaensis | URM7486 | KY085927 | KY115597 | KY115605 | KY115603 | KY115600 |
Diaporthe camelliae-sinensis | SAUCC194.92 | MT822620 | MT855699 | MT855588 | MT855932 | MT855817 |
Diaporthe camelliae-oleiferae | HNZZ027 | MZ509555 | MZ504685 | MZ504696 | MZ504707 | MZ504718 |
Diaporthe canthii | CPC 19740 | JX069864 | KC843174 | NA | KC843120 | KC843230 |
Diaporthe carriae | BRIP 59932a | OM918691 | NA | NA | OM960600 | OM960618 |
Diaporthe caryae | CFCC 52563 | MH121498 | MH121422 | MH121458 | MH121540 | MH121580 |
Diaporthe cassines | CPC 21916 | KF777155 | NA | NA | KF777244 | NA |
Diaporthe caulivora | CBS 127268 | MH864501 | KC343287 | KC343529 | KC343771 | KC344013 |
Diaporthe celticola | CFCC 53074 | MK573948 | MK574587 | MK574603 | MK574623 | MK574643 |
Diaporthe cercidis | CFCC 52565 | MH121500 | MH121424 | MH121460 | MH121542 | MH121582 |
Diaporthe chamaeropis | CBS 454.81 | KC343048 | KC343290 | KC343532 | KC343774 | KC344016 |
Diaporthe charlesworthii | BRIP 54884m | KJ197288 | NA | NA | KJ197250 | KJ197268 |
Diaporthe chiangmaiensis | MFLU 18-1305 | OK393702 | NA | NA | OL439482 | OK490918 |
Diaporthe chrysalidocarpi | SAUCC194.35 | MT822563 | MT855646 | MT855532 | MT855760 | MT855876 |
Diaporthe cichorii | MFLUCC 17-1023 | KY964220 | KY964133 | NA | KY964176 | KY964104 |
Diaporthe cinnamomi | CFCC 52569 | MH121504 | NA | MH121464 | MH121546 | MH121586 |
Diaporthe cissampeli | CPC 27302 | KX228273 | NA | KX228366 | NA | KX228384 |
Diaporthe citri | AR3405 | KC843311 | KC843157 | KJ420881 | KC843071 | KC843187 |
Diaporthe chensiensis | CFCC 52567 | MH121502 | MH121426 | MH121462 | MH121544 | MH121584 |
Diaporthe citriasiana | CGMCC 3.15224 | JQ954645 | KC357491 | KJ490515 | JQ954663 | KC357459 |
Diaporthe citrichinensis | CGMCC 3.15225 | JQ954648 | KC357494 | KJ420880 | JQ954666 | KJ490396 |
Diaporthe collariana | MFLU 17-2770 | MG806115 | MG783042 | NA | MG783040 | MG783041 |
Diaporthe compactum | LC3083 | KP267854 | NA | KP293508 | KP267928 | KP293434 |
Diaporthe conica | CFCC 52571 | MH121506 | MH121428 | MH121466 | MH121548 | MH121588 |
Diaporthe convolvuli | CBS 124654 | KC343054 | KC343296 | KC343538 | KC343780 | KC344022 |
Diaporthe coryli | CFCC 53083 | MK432661 | MK442981 | MK443006 | MK578135 | MK578061 |
Diaporthe crotalariae | CBS 162.33 | MH855395 | JX197439 | KC343540 | GQ250307 | KC344024 |
Diaporthe crousii | CAA 823 | MK792311 | MK883835 | MK871450 | MK828081 | MK837932 |
Diaporthe cucurbitae | DAOM 42078 | KM453210 | NA | KM453212 | KM453211 | KP118848 |
Diaporthe cuppatea | CBS 117499 | MH863021 | KC343299 | KC343541 | KC343783 | KC344025 |
Diaporthe cynaroidis | CBS 122676 | KC343058 | KC343300 | KC343542 | KC343784 | KC344026 |
Diaporthe cytosporella | FAU461 | KC843307 | KC843141 | MF418283 | KC843116 | KC843221 |
Diaporthe diospyricola | CPC 21169 | KF777156 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Diaporthe discoidispora | ZJUD89 | KJ490624 | NA | KJ490566 | KJ490503 | KJ490445 |
Diaporthe dorycnii | MFLUCC 17-1015 | KY964215 | NA | NA | KY964171 | KY964099 |
Diaporthe drenthii | CBS 146453 | MN708229 | NA | NA | MN696526 | MN696537 |
Diaporthe durionigena | VTCC 930005 | MN453530 | NA | NA | MT276157 | MT276159 |
Diaporthe elaeagni-glabrae | LC4802 | KX986779 | KX999281 | KX999251 | KX999171 | KX999212 |
Diaporthe endophytica | CBS 133811 | KC343065 | KC343307 | KC343549 | KC343791 | KC344033 |
Diaporthe eres | AR5193 | KJ210529 | KJ434999 | KJ420850 | KJ210550 | KJ420799 |
Diaporthe etinsideae | BRIP 64096a | OM918692 | NA | NA | OM960601 | OM960619 |
Diaporthe eucalyptorum | CBS 132525 | MH305525 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Diaporthe foeniculacea | CBS 111553 | KC343101 | KC343343 | KC343585 | KC343827 | KC344069 |
Diaporthe fraxini-angustifoliae | BRIP 54781 | JX862528 | NA | NA | JX862534 | KF170920 |
Diaporthe fraxinicola | CFCC 52582 | MH121517 | MH121435 | NA | MH121559 | NA |
Diaporthe fructicola | MAFF 246408 | LC342734 | LC342738 | LC342737 | LC342735 | LC342736 |
Diaporthe fulvicolor | PSCG 051 | MK626859 | MK691132 | MK726163 | MK654806 | MK691236 |
Diaporthe ganjae | CBS 180.91 | KC343112 | KC343354 | KC343596 | KC343838 | KC344080 |
Diaporthe ganzhouensis | CFCC 53087 | MK432665 | MK442985 | MK443010 | MK578139 | MK578065 |
Diaporthe goulteri | BRIP 55657a | KJ197290 | NA | NA | KJ197252 | KJ197270 |
Diaporthe gossiae | BRIP 59730a | OM918693 | NA | NA | OM960602 | OM960620 |
Diaporthe grandiflori | SAUCC194.84 | MT822612 | MT855691 | MT855580 | MT855809 | MT855924 |
Diaporthe griceae | BRIP 67014a | OM918694 | NA | NA | OM960603 | OM960621 |
Diaporthe guangxiensis | JZB320087 | MK335765 | MK736720 | NA | MK500161 | MK523560 |
Diaporthe gulyae | BRIP 54025 | JF431299 | NA | NA | JN645803 | KJ197271 |
Diaporthe guttulata | CGMCC 3.20100 | MT385950 | MW022470 | MW022491 | MT424685 | MT424705 |
Diaporthe hainanenesis | HNCM049 | OR647684 | NA | OR671936 | OR671944 | OR671952 |
HNCM050 | OR647685 | NA | OR671937 | OR671945 | OR671953 | |
HNCM051 | OR647686 | NA | OR671938 | OR671946 | OR671954 | |
HNCM052 | OR647687 | NA | OR671939 | OR671947 | OR671955 | |
Diaporthe helianthi | CBS 592.81 | KC343115 | KC343357 | KC343599 | KC343841 | KC344083 |
Diaporthe heliconiae | SAUCC194.77 | MT822605 | MT855684 | MT855573 | MT855802 | MT855917 |
Diaporthe heterophyllae | CPC 26215 | MG600222 | MG600218 | MG600220 | MG600224 | MG600226 |
Diaporthe heterostemmatis | SAUCC194.85 | MT822613 | MT855692 | MT855581 | MT855810 | MT855925 |
Diaporthe hickoriae | CBS 145.26 | KC343118 | KC343360 | KC343620 | KC343844 | KC344086 |
Diaporthe hispaniae | CBS 143351 | MG281123 | MG281820 | MG281471 | MG281644 | MG281296 |
Diaporthe hongkongensis | CBS 115448 | KC343119 | KC343361 | KC343603 | KC343845 | KC344087 |
Diaporthe howardiae | BRIP 59697a | OM918695 | NA | NA | OM960604 | OM960622 |
Diaporthe hubeiensis | JZB320123 | MK335809 | MK500235 | NA | MK523570 | MK500148 |
Diaporthe hunanensis | HNZZ023 | MZ509550 | MZ504680 | MZ504691 | MZ504702 | MZ504713 |
Diaporthe incompleta | LC6754 | KX986794 | KX999289 | KX999265 | KX999186 | KX999226 |
Diaporthe inconspicua | CBS 133813 | KC343123 | KC343365 | KC343607 | KC343849 | KC344091 |
Diaporthe infecunda | CBS 133812 | KC343126 | KC343368 | KC343610 | KC343852 | KC344094 |
Diaporthe irregularis | CGMCC 3.20092 | MT385951 | MT424721 | NA | MT424686 | MT424706 |
Diaporthe isoberliniae | CPC 22549 | KJ869190 | NA | NA | NA | KJ869245 |
Diaporthe juglandicola | CFCC 51134 | KU985101 | KX024616 | KX024622 | KX024628 | KX024634 |
Diaporthe kochmanii | BRIP 54033 | JF431295 | NA | NA | JN645809 | NA |
Diaporthe kongii | BRIP 54031 | JF431301 | NA | NA | JN645797 | KJ197272 |
Diaporthe krabiensis | MFLUCC 17-2481 | MN047100 | NA | NA | MN433215 | MN431495 |
Diaporthe lenispora | CGMCC 3.20101 | MT385952 | MW022472 | MW022493 | MT424687 | MT424707 |
Diaporthe litchicola | BRIP 54900 | JX862533 | NA | NA | JX862539 | KF170925 |
Diaporthe litchii | SAUCC194.22 | MT822550 | MT855635 | MT855519 | MT855747 | MT855863 |
Diaporthe lithocarpi | CGMCC 3.15175 | KC135104 | KF576235 | NA | KC153095 | KF576311 |
Diaporthe longicolla | FAU599 | KJ590728 | KJ612124 | KJ659188 | KJ590767 | KJ610883 |
Diaporthe longispora | CBS 194.36 | MH855769 | KC343377 | KC343619 | KC343861 | KC344103 |
Diaporthe lovelaceae | BRIP 60163a | OM918696 | NA | NA | OM960605 | OM960623 |
Diaporthe lusitanicae | CBS 123212 | MH863279 | KC343378 | KC343620 | KC343862 | KC344104 |
Diaporthe lutescens | SAUCC194.36 | MT822564 | MT855647 | MT855533 | MT855761 | MT855877 |
Diaporthe macadamiae | CBS 146455 | MN708230 | NA | NA | MN696528 | MN696539 |
Diaporthe macintoshii | BRIP 55064a | KJ197289 | NA | NA | KJ197251 | KJ197269 |
Diaporthe malorum | CAA 734 | KY435638 | KY435658 | KY435648 | KY435627 | KY435668 |
Diaporthe marina | MFLU 17-2622 | MN047102 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Diaporthe masirevicii | BRIP 54256 | KJ197276 | NA | NA | KJ197238 | KJ197256 |
Diaporthe mayteni | CBS 133185 | KC343139 | KC343381 | KC343623 | KC343865 | KC344107 |
Diaporthe maytenicola | CPC 21896 | KF777157 | NA | NA | NA | KF777250 |
Diaporthe mclennaniae | BRIP 60072a | OM918697 | NA | NA | OM960606 | OM960624 |
Diaporthe melastomatis | SAUCC194.55 | MT822583 | MT855664 | MT855551 | MT855780 | MT855896 |
Diaporthe melonis | CBS 435.87 | KC343141 | KC343383 | KC343625 | KC343867 | KC344109 |
Diaporthe middletonii | BRIP 54884e | KJ197286 | NA | NA | KJ197248 | KJ197266 |
Diaporthe minima | CGMCC 3.20097 | MT385953 | MT424722 | MW022496 | MT424688 | MT424708 |
Diaporthe minusculata | CGMCC 3.20098 | MT385957 | MW022475 | MW022499 | MT424692 | MT424712 |
Diaporthe miriciae | BRIP 54736j | KJ197282 | NA | NA | KJ197244 | KJ197262 |
Diaporthe monetii | MF-Ha18-048 | MW008493 | MZ671938 | MZ671964 | MW008515 | MW008504 |
Diaporthe moriniae | BRIP 60190a | OM918698 | NA | NA | OM960607 | OM960625 |
Diaporthe multigutullata | CFCC 53095 | MK432645 | MK442967 | MK442992 | MK578121 | MK578048 |
Diaporthe musigena | CBS 129519 | KC343143 | KC343385 | KC343267 | KC343869 | KC344111 |
Diaporthe myracrodruonis | URM 7972 | MK205289 | MK205290 | NA | MK213408 | MK205291 |
Diaporthe neoarctii | CBS 109490 | KC343145 | KC343387 | KC343629 | KC343871 | KC344113 |
Diaporthe neoraonikayaporum | MFLUCC 14-1136 | KU712449 | KU749356 | NA | KU749369 | KU743988 |
Diaporthe norfolkensis | BRIP 59718a | OM918699 | NA | NA | OM960608 | OM960626 |
Diaporthe nothofagi | BRIP 54801 | JX862530 | NA | NA | JX862536 | KF170922 |
Diaporthe novem | CBS 127269 | KC343155 | KC343397 | KC343639 | KC343881 | KC344123 |
Diaporthe ocoteae | CPC 26217 | KX228293 | NA | NA | NA | KX228388 |
Diaporthe oraccinii | LC3166 | KP267863 | NA | KP293517 | KP267937 | KP293443 |
Diaporthe ovalispora | ZJUD93 | KJ490628 | NA | KJ490570 | KJ490507 | KJ490449 |
Diaporthe oxe | CBS 133186 | KC343164 | KC343406 | KC343648 | KC343890 | KC344132 |
Diaporthe padina | CFCC 52590 | MH121525 | MH121443 | MH121483 | MH121567 | MH121604 |
Diaporthe pandanicola | MFLUCC 17-0607 | MG646974 | NA | NA | NA | MG646930 |
Diaporthe paranensis | CBS 133184 | KC343171 | KC343413 | KC343655 | KC343897 | KC344139 |
Diaporthe parapterocarpi | CPC 22729 | KJ869138 | NA | NA | NA | KJ869248 |
Diaporthe parvae | PSCG 035 | MK626920 | MK691169 | MK726211 | MK654859 | MK691249 |
Diaporthe pascoei | BRIP 54847 | JX862538 | NA | NA | JX862538 | KF170924 |
Diaporthe passiflorae | CPC 19183 | JX069860 | KY435644 | KY435654 | KY435623 | KY435674 |
Diaporthe passifloricola | CPC 27480 | KX228292 | NA | KX228367 | NA | KX228387 |
Diaporthe penetriteum | LC3215 | KP267879 | NA | KP293532 | KP267953 | NA |
Diaporthe perjuncta | CBS 109745 | KC343172 | KC343414 | KC343656 | KC343898 | KC344140 |
Diaporthe perseae | CBS 151.73 | KC343173 | KC343415 | KC343657 | KC343899 | KC343141 |
Diaporthe pescicola | MFLUCC 16-0105 | KU557555 | KU557603 | NA | KU557623 | KU557579 |
Diaporthe phaseolorum | AR4203 | KJ590738 | KJ612135 | KJ659220 | KJ590739 | KJ610893 |
Diaporthe platzii | BRIP 60353a | OM918700 | NA | NA | OM960609 | OM960627 |
Diaporthe phillipsii | CAA 817 | MK792305 | MK883831 | MK871445 | MK828076 | MN000351 |
Diaporthe podocarpi-macrophylli | LC6155 | KX986774 | KX999278 | KX999246 | KX999167 | KX999207 |
Diaporthe pometiae | SAUCC194.72 | MT822600 | MT855679 | MT855568 | MT855797 | MT855912 |
Diaporthe pseudoalnea | CFCC 54190 | MZ727037 | MZ753468 | MZ781302 | MZ816343 | MZ753487 |
Diaporthe pseudofoliicola | HNCM045 | OR647680 | NA | OR671932 | OR671940 | OR671948 |
HNCM046 | OR647681 | NA | OR671933 | OR671941 | OR671949 | |
HNCM047 | OR647682 | NA | OR671934 | OR671942 | OR671950 | |
HNCM048 | OR647683 | NA | OR671935 | OR671943 | OR671951 | |
Diaporthe pseudomangiferae | CBS 101339 | KC343181 | KC343423 | KC343665 | KC343907 | KC344149 |
Diaporthe pseudophoenicicola | CBS 176.77 | KC343183 | KC343425 | KC343667 | KC343909 | KC344151 |
Diaporthe psoraleae | CPC 21634 | KF777158 | NA | NA | KF777245 | KF777251 |
Diaporthe psoraleae-pinnatae | CPC 21638 | KF777159 | NA | NA | NA | KF777252 |
Diaporthe pterocarpi | CPC 22729 | JQ619899 | JX197451 | NA | JX275416 | JX275460 |
Diaporthe pterocarpicola | MFLUCC 10-0580a | JQ619887 | JX197433 | NA | JX275403 | JX275441 |
Diaporthe pungensis | SAUCC194.112 | MT822640 | MT855719 | MT855607 | MT855837 | MT855952 |
Diaporthe pyracanthae | CAA483 | KY435635 | KY435656 | KY435645 | KY435625 | KY435666 |
Diaporthe racemosae | CPC 26646 | MG600223 | MG600219 | MG600221 | MG600225 | MG600227 |
Diaporthe raonikayaporum | CBS 133182 | KC343188 | KC343430 | KC343672 | KC343914 | KC344156 |
Diaporthe ravennica | MFLUCC 16-0997 | NA | NA | NA | MT394670 | NA |
Diaporthe rhodomyrti | CFCC 53101 | MK432643 | MK442965 | MK442990 | MK578119 | MK578046 |
Diaporthe rhusicola | CPC 18191 | JF951146 | KC843124 | NA | KC843100 | KC843205 |
Diaporthe rosae | MFLUCC 17-2658 | MG828894 | MG829273 | NA | NA | MG843878 |
Diaporthe rosiphthora | COAD 2914 | MT311197 | MT313691 | NA | MT313693 | NA |
Diaporthe rossmaniae | CAA 762 | MK792290 | MK883822 | MK871432 | MK828063 | MK837914 |
Diaporthe rostrata | CFCC 50062 | KP208847 | KP208849 | KP208851 | KP208853 | KP208855 |
Diaporthe rudis | AR3422 | KC843331 | KC843146 | NA | KC843090 | KC843177 |
Diaporthe saccarata | CBS 116311 | KC343190 | KC343432 | KC343674 | KC343916 | KC344158 |
Diaporthe sackstonii | BRIP 54669b | KJ197287 | NA | NA | KJ197249 | KJ197267 |
Diaporthe salicicola | BRIP 54825 | JX862531 | NA | NA | JX862537 | KF170923 |
Diaporthe sambucusii | CFCC 51986 | KY852495 | KY852499 | KY852503 | KY852507 | KY852511 |
Diaporthe schimae | CFCC 53103 | MK442640 | MK442962 | MK442987 | MK578116 | MK578043 |
Diaporthe schini | CBS 133181 | KC343191 | KC343433 | KC343675 | KC343917 | KC344159 |
Diaporthe schisandrae | CFCC 51988 | KY852497 | KY852501 | KY852505 | KY852509 | KY852513 |
Diaporthe schoeni | MFLU 15-1279 | KY964226 | KY964139 | NA | KY964182 | KY964109 |
Diaporthe sclerotioides | CBS 296.67 | MH858974 | KC343435 | KC343677 | KC343919 | KC344161 |
Diaporthe searlei | BRIP 66528 | MN708231 | NA | NA | NA | MN696540 |
Diaporthe sennae | CFCC 51636 | KY203724 | KY228875 | NA | KY228885 | KY228891 |
Diaporthe sennicola | CFCC 51634 | KY203722 | KY228873 | KY228879 | KY228883 | KY228889 |
Diaporthe serafiniae | BRIP 55665a | KJ197274 | NA | NA | KJ197236 | KJ197254 |
Diaporthe shaanxiensis | CFCC 53106 | MK432654 | MK442976 | MK443001 | MK578130 | NA |
Diaporthe shawiae | BRIP 64534a | OM918701 | NA | NA | OM960610 | OM960628 |
Diaporthe siamensis | MFLUCC 10-0573a | JQ619879 | JX197423 | NA | JX275393 | JX275429 |
Diaporthe silvicola | CFCC 54191 | MZ727041 | MZ753472 | MZ753481 | MZ816347 | MZ753491 |
Diaporthe sojae | FAU635 | KJ590719 | KJ612116 | KJ659208 | KJ590762 | KJ610875 |
Diaporthe spinosa | PSCG 383 | MK626849 | MK691129 | MK726156 | MK654811 | MK691234 |
Diaporthe stictica | CBS 370.54 | KC343212 | KC343454 | KC343696 | KC343938 | KC344180 |
Diaporthe subclavata | ZJUD95 | KJ490630 | NA | KJ490572 | KJ490509 | KJ490451 |
Diaporthe subcylindrospora | KUMCC 17-0151 | MG746629 | NA | NA | MG746630 | MG746631 |
Diaporthe subellipicola | KUMCC 17-0153 | MG746632 | NA | NA | MG746633 | MG746634 |
Diaporthe subordinaria | CBS 464.90 | KC343214 | KC343456 | KC343698 | KC343940 | KC344182 |
Diaporthe taoicola | MFLUCC 16-0117 | KU557567 | NA | NA | KU557635 | KU557591 |
Diaporthe tectonae | MFLUCC 12-0777 | KU712430 | KU749345 | NA | KU749359 | KU743977 |
Diaporthe tectonendophytica | MFLUCC 13-0471 | KU712439 | KU749354 | NA | KU749367 | KU743986 |
Diaporthe tectonigena | MFLUCC 12-0767 | KX986782 | KX999284 | KX999254 | KX999174 | KX999214 |
Diaporthe terebinthifolii | CBS 133180 | KC343216 | KC343458 | KC343700 | KC343942 | KC344184 |
Diaporthe thunbergii | MFLUCC 10-0576a | JQ619893 | JX197440 | NA | JX275409 | JX275449 |
Diaporthe thunbergiicola | MFLUCC 12-0033 | KP715097 | NA | NA | KP715098 | NA |
Diaporthe tibetensis | CFCC 51999 | MF279843 | MF279888 | MF279828 | MF279858 | MF279873 |
Diaporthe tulliensis | BRIP 62248a | KR936130 | NA | NA | KR936133 | KR936132 |
Diaporthe trevorrowii | BRIP 70737a | OM918703 | NA | NA | OM960612 | OM960630 |
Diaporthe ueckerae | FAU656 | KJ590726 | KJ612122 | KJ659215 | KJ590747 | KJ610881 |
Diaporthe ukurunduensis | CFCC 52592 | MH121527 | MH121445 | MH121485 | MH121569 | NA |
Diaporthe undulata | LC6624 | KX986798 | NA | KX999269 | KX999190 | KX999230 |
Diaporthe unshiuensis | CFCC 52594 | MH121529 | MH121447 | MH121487 | MH121571 | MH121606 |
CFCC 52595 | MH121530 | MH121448 | MH121488 | MH121572 | MH121607 | |
Diaporthe vaccinii | CBS 160.32 | KC343228 | KC343470 | KC343712 | KC343954 | KC343196 |
Diaporthe vangoghii | MF-Ha18-045 | MW008491 | MZ671936 | MZ671962 | MW008513 | MW008502 |
Diaporthe vangueriae | CBS 137985 | KJ869137 | NA | NA | NA | KJ869247 |
Diaporthe vawdreyi | BRIP 57887a | KR936126 | NA | NA | KR936129 | KR936128 |
Diaporthe velutina | LC4421 | KX986790 | NA | KX999261 | KX999182 | KX999223 |
Diaporthe verniciicola | CFCC 53109 | MK573944 | MK574583 | MK574599 | MK574619 | MK574639 |
Diaporthe viniferae | JZB320071 | MK341551 | MK500119 | NA | MK500107 | MK500112 |
Diaporthe virgiliae | CMW 40748 | KP247556 | NA | NA | NA | KP247575 |
Diaporthe xishuangbanica | LC6707 | KX986783 | NA | KX999255 | KX999175 | KX999216 |
Diaporthe xunwuensis | CFCC 53085 | MK432663 | MK442983 | MK443008 | MK578137 | MK578063 |
Diaporthe yunnanensis | LC6168 | KX986796 | KX999290 | KX999267 | KX999188 | KX999228 |
Diaporthe zaobaisu | PSCG 031 | MK626922 | NA | MK726207 | MK654855 | MK691245 |
Diaporthella corylina | CBS 121124 | KC343004 | KC343246 | KC343488 | KC343730 | KC343972 |
The five-gene sequence dataset (ITS, cal, his3, tef1 and tub2) was analysed to infer the interspecific relationships within Diaporthe. The dataset consisted of 259 sequences including the outgroup taxon, Diaporthella corylina (CBS 121124). A total of 2909 characters including gaps (528 for ITS, 608 for cal, 563 for his3, 646 for tef1 and 564 for tub2) were included in the phylogenetic analysis. The best nucleotide substitution model for ITS, his3 and tub2 was TrN+I+G, while HKY+I+G was selected for both cal and tef1. The topologies resulting from ML and BI analyses of the concatenated dataset were congruent (Fig.
Phylogram of Diaporthe resulting from a Maximum Likelihood analysis, based on combined ITS, cal, his3, tef1 and tub2. Numbers above the branches indicate ML bootstraps (left, ML BS ≥ 50%) and Bayesian Posterior Probabilities (right, BPP ≥ 0.9). The tree is rooted with Diaporthella corylina. Isolates in the current study are in blue. “-” indicates ML BS < 50% or BI PP < 0.9.
Distinguished from D. cercidis in narrower alpha conidia; from D. guangxiensis in shorter beta conidia.
In reference to the Hainan Province, from where the fungus was first collected.
Asexual morph : Conidiomata on PNA pycnidial, globose or rostrated, black, erumpent in tissue, erumpent at maturity, 450–600 μm diam., often with pale yellowish conidial drops exuding from the ostioles. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells (10.5–)14.5–20(–21.5) × 1.4–1.8 μm (n = 30), aseptate, cylindrical, phialidic, straight or slightly curved. Alpha conidia (5.5–)7–8(–8.5) × 2.1–2.9 μm (n = 30), aseptate, hyaline, ellipsoidal, biguttulate. Beta conidia (21.5–)23–25 × 1.1 µm (n = 30), hyaline, aseptate, filiform, sinuous at one end, eguttulate.
Culture incubated on PNA at 25 °C, originally white, fluffy aerial mycelium, becoming pale yellow with age, with visible solitary conidiomata pine needles after 15 days.
China. Hainan Province: Chengmai County, on leaves of Camellia oleifera, 19°34'10"N, 110°18'09"E, 25 July 2022, Q. Yang (holotype CSUFT055; ex-type living culture: HNCM049; other living cultures: HNCM050, HNCM051 and HNCM052).
Four isolates representing D. hainanensis cluster in a well-supported clade (ML/BI = 100/1) and appear most closely related to D. cercidis on Cercis chinensis and D. guangxiensis on Macadamia sp. Diaporthe hainanensis can be distinguished from D. cercidis, based on ITS, his3, tef1and tub2 loci (13/458 in ITS, 5/455 in his3, 33/341 in tef1 and 5/401 in tub2); from D. guangxiensis, based on ITS, tef1 and tub2 loci (5/457 in ITS, 2/339 in tef1 and 16/403 in tub2). Morphologically, D. hainanensis differs from D. cercidis in narrower alpha conidia (2.1–2.9 μm vs. 3–3.5 μm) (
Distinguished from D. longicolla in having smaller alpha conidia; from D. unshiuensis in having narrower conidiophores.
The epithet “pseudofoliicola” refers to its habitat similar to Diaporthe foliicola.
Asexual morph : Conidiomata on PDA pycnidial, 190–330 μm in diam., superficial, scattered on PDA, dark brown to black, globose, solitary or clustered in groups of 1–3 pycnidia. Pale yellow conidial drops exuding from ostioles. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells (10.5–)12.5–18(–22) × 1.3–1.5 μm (n = 30), phialidic, aseptate, cylindrical, straight, densely aggregated, terminal, slightly tapered towards the apex. Alpha conidia 5–6.5(–7) × 2.3–3.0 μm (n = 30), aseptate, hyaline, ellipsoidal to fusiform, biguttulate, both ends obtuse. Beta conidia (27.5–)30–33(–35.5) × 1.2–1.4 µm (n = 30), hyaline, aseptate, filiform, sinuous at one end, eguttulate.
Culture incubated on PDA at 25 °C, originally flat with white fluffy aerial mycelium, becoming pale brown due to pigment formation, with yellowish-cream conidial drops exuding from the ostioles after 20 days.
China. Hainan Province: Chengmai County, on leaves of Camellia oleifera, 110°15'16"E, 19°23'20"N, 25 July 2022, Q. Yang (holotype CSUFT050; ex-type living culture: HNCM045; other living cultures: HNCM046, HNCM047 and HNCM048).
Four isolates representing D. pseudofoliicola cluster in a well-supported clade (ML/BI = 100/1) and appear most closely related to D. longicolla on Glycine max and D. unshiuensis on Citrus unshiu. Diaporthe pseudofoliicola can be distinguished from D. longicolla, based on ITS, tef1 and tub2 loci (9/462 in ITS, 16/318 in tef1 and 4/444 in tub2); from D. unshiuensis, based on his3 and tef1 loci (51/457 in his3 and 17/318 in tef1). Morphologically, D. pseudofoliicola differs from D. longicolla in having smaller alpha conidia (5–6.5 × 2.3–3.0 μm vs. 6.9–7.2 × 1.6–2.8 μm) (
In this study, an important oil-tea tree species, Camellia oleifera was investigated and Camellia leaf disease was found as a common disease in plantations in Hainan Province. Identification of our collections was conducted, based on isolates from symptomatic leaves of C. oleifera using five combined loci (ITS, cal, his3, tef1 and tub2), as well as morphological characters. Two new Diaporthe species were described, i.e. D. hainanensis and D. pseudofoliicola.
According to the USDA Fungal-host interaction database, there are six records of Diaporthe species associated with C. oleifera (https://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases; accessed on 18 Sep 2023). These records are related to the following six Diaporthe species: D. eres, D. camelliae-oleiferae, D. hubeiensis, D. hunanensis, D. huangshanensis and D. sojae (
As the species concept of Diaporthe has been greatly improved by using molecular data (
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
No ethical statement was reported.
This study is financed by the Guilin Scientific Research [2022ZC] No. 27, the introduction of talent research start-up fund project of CSUFT (Project No.: 2019YJ025) and the Changsha Natural Science Foundation project (kq2202284).
Hong Y. Liu conceived and designed the study; Dun Luo ang Han L. Huang conducted the experiments; Qin Yang wrote the manuscript and revised.
All of the data that support the findings of this study are available in the main text.