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Ceriporiopsis tianshanensis (Polyporales, Agaricomycetes) and Sidera tianshanensis (Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes), two new species of wood-inhabiting fungi from Xinjiang, Northwest China
expand article infoTai-Min Xu‡, Yi-Fei Sun‡, Shun Liu‡, Chang-Ge Song‡, Neng Gao§, Dong-Mei Wu§, Bao-Kai Cui‡
‡ Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
§ Biotechnology Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, China

Corresponding author: Dong-Mei Wu ( wdm0999123@sina.com )

Corresponding author: Bao-Kai Cui ( cuibaokai@bjfu.edu.cn )

Academic editor: Thorsten Lumbsch
© 2023 Tai-Min Xu, Yi-Fei Sun, Shun Liu, Chang-Ge Song, Neng Gao, Dong-Mei Wu, Bao-Kai Cui.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation: Xu T-M, Sun Y-F, Liu S, Song C-G, Gao N, Wu D-M, Cui B-K (2023) Ceriporiopsis tianshanensis (Polyporales, Agaricomycetes) and Sidera tianshanensis (Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes), two new species of wood-inhabiting fungi from Xinjiang, Northwest China. MycoKeys 98: 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.98.102552
Open Access

Abstract

Wood-inhabiting fungi are abundant in China, but their distribution is uneven, with more fungi in southwest China and fewer fungi in northwest China. During the investigation of wood-inhabiting fungi in Xinjiang, we collected a large number of specimens. Eight specimens growing on Picea schrenkiana were collected from Tianshan Mountains, and they were described as two new species in Ceriporiopsis and Sidera based on morphological characters and molecular evidence. Ceriporiopsis tianshanensis is characterized by a cream to salmon-buff pore surface, larger pores measuring 1–3 per mm, and broadly ellipsoid basidiospores 5–6.5 × 3–4 μm. Sidera tianshanensis is characterized by annual to perennial basidiocarps, measuring 15 mm thick, pores 5–7 per mm, cream to rosy buff pore surface, and allantoid basidiospores 3–3.5 × 1–1.4 µm. Detailed illustrations and descriptions of the novel species are provided.

Key words

macrofungi, phylogeny, polyporoid fungi, taxonomy, white-rot fungi

Introduction

China is rich in wood-inhabiting fungal resources, and more than 2000 species of the woody fungi have been reported (Dai 2010, 2012; Cui et al. 2019; Wu et al. 2022a, b). In the past ten years, many new species of the wood-inhabiting fungi have been discovered in China, and mainly distributed in the southwest and south areas, and few new species have been published from northwest China (Li et al. 2014; Chen et al. 2016; Shen et al. 2019; Wang et al. 2021; Yuan et al. 2021; Ji et al. 2022; Wu et al. 2022b; Liu et al. 2023a).

The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is located in northwestern China, and, as the largest province in China, it covers an area of 1,664,900 square kilometers. There is a typical temperate continental arid climate, with an extremely uneven distribution of water resources in time and space, more in the west and less in the east, more in the north and less in the south, more in the mountains and less in the plains (Wu et al. 2010; Hu et al. 2021). Due to severe climatic conditions, natural forests are mainly distributed in the Tianshan Mountains and Altai Mountains (Zhang and Zhang 2014; Huang et al. 2018). In the past, 592 species of macrofungi have been reported in Xinjiang, among which 243 are species of wood rot fungi, and most of them were distributed in the Tianshan Mountains and the Altai Mountains (Wang and Ayinuer 2004; Dai et al. 2007; Bau et al. 2008; Guli et al. 2015; Zhao 2022). In recent years, some new species of wood rot fungi have been discovered in Xinjiang: Fomitopsis tianshanensis B.K. Cui & Shun Liu, Laetiporus xinjiangensis J. Song, Y.C. Dai & B.K. Cui, Porodaedalea schrenkianae Y.C. Dai & F. Wu, and Rhodonia tianshanensis Yuan Yuan & L.L. Shen (Song et al. 2014; Yuan and Shen 2017; Liu et al. 2021a; Wu et al. 2022b).

During the investigation of wood rot fungi in Xinjiang, we collected a large number of specimens, including two belonging to Ceriporiopsis and six belonging to Sidera. The genus Ceriporiopsis Domański (Meruliaceae, Polyporales) was erected by Domański (1963) based on the morphological analyses to accommodate C. gilvescens (Bres.) Domański (type species), C. incarnata Domański, C. resinascens (Romell) Domański, C. aneirina (Sommerf.) Domańsk and C. placenta (Fr.) Domański. Currently, there are 41 species accepted in Ceriporiopsis, and eight species recorded in China: C. albonigrescens Núñez, Parmasto & Ryvarden, C. aurantitingens (Corner) T. Hatt., C. egula C.J. Yu & Y.C. Dai, C. lavendula B.K. Cui, C. micropora T.T. Chang & W.N. Chou, C. mucida (Pers.) Gilb. & Ryvarden, C. subrufa (Ellis & Dearn.) Ginns and C. subsphaerospora (A. David) M. Pieri & B. Rivoire (Zhao and Cui 2014; Zhao et al. 2015, 2023). The genus causes a white rot on angiosperms and gymnosperms (Niemelä 1985; Zhao and Cui 2014; Zhao et al. 2015; Spirin and Ryvarden 2016). It is characterized by annual, resupinate to effused-reflexed basidiocarps, a monomitic hyphal system with no action in Melzer’s reagent or Cotton Blue, generative hyphae with clamp connections, and subcylindrical to ellipsoid basidiospores whih hyaline, thin walls (Gilbertson and Ryvarden 1987; Núñez and Ryvarden 2001; Ryvarden and Melo 2014; Zhao and Wu 2017). In phylogenetic analysis, Ceriporiopsis was polyphyletic and clustered into the phlebioid clade (Zhao and Cui 2014; Zhao et al. 2015; Zhao and Wu 2017). Zmitrovich (2018) transferred C. gilvescens and C. kunmingensis to the genus Mycoacia Donk (Zmitrovich 2018). Zhao et al. (2023) conducted a detailed phylogenetic analysis, and many species within Ceriporiopsis were placed in the genera Ceriporiopsoides C.L. Zhao, Hydnophlebia Parmasto, and Phlebicolorata C.L. Zhao. The remaining Ceriporiopsis species did not belong to the phlebioid clade but were grouped in the residual polyporoid clade and formed a relatively stable branch cluster. The genus Sidera Miettinen & K.H. Larss. (Rickenellaceae, Hymenochaetales) was established by Miettinen and Larsson (2011) based on phylogenetic and morphological analyses to accommodate S. lunata (Romell ex Bourdot & Galzin) K.H. Larss., S. lowei (Rajchenb.) Miettinen, S. lenis (P. Karst.) Miettinen (type species) and S. vulgaris (Fr.) Miettinen. To date, 18 species are accepted in Sidera, nine species were recorded in China: S. borealis Z.B. Liu & Yuan Yuan, S. inflata Z.B. Liu & Y.C. Dai, S. lenis, S. minutissima Y.C. Dai, F. Wu, G.M. Gates & Rui Du, S. parallela Y.C. Dai, F. Wu, G.M. Gates & Rui Du, S. punctata Z.B. Liu & Y.C. Dai, S. roseobubalina Z.B. Liu & Y.C. Dai, S. salmonea Z.B. Liu, Jian Yu & F. Wu, S. tibetica Z.B. Liu, Jian Yu & F. Wu (Liu et al. 2023b). The genus causes a white rot in the wood, and is characterized by resupinate basidiocarps that are white to cream or buff, mostly waxy when fresh, with a poroid or hydnoid hymenophore, monomitic or dimitic hyphal system with generative hyphae bearing clamp connections, the presence of rosette-like crystals and allantoid to lunate basidiospores (Miettinen and Larsson 2011; Du et al. 2020; Liu et al. 2021b, 2022). In phylogenetic analysis, Sidera is a monophyletic genus and clustered into the Rickenella clade (Liu et al. 2021b, 2022, 2023b). In this study, two new species are described based on morphological and phylogenetic evidence.

Materials and methods

Morphological studies

The specimens used in this study were deposited at the herbarium of the Institute of Microbiology, Beijing Forestry University, China (BJFC). Macro-morphological descriptions were based on field notes and laboratory measurements. The microscopic routines used in this study followed Cui et al. (2019) and Liu et al. (2023a). Sections were studied at a magnification up to ×1000 using a Nikon E80i microscope and phase contrast illumination (Nikon, Tokyo, Japan). Line drawings were made with the aid of a drawing tube. Microscopic features, measurements and drawings were made from slide preparations of dried or fresh material stained with Cotton Blue and Melzer’s reagent, as described by Dai (2010). To represent the variation in the size of the basidiospores, 5% of measurements were excluded from each end of the range and are given in parentheses. The following abbreviations were used: IKI = Melzer’s reagent, IKI–= neither dextrinoid nor amyloid, KOH = 5% potassium hydroxide, CB = Cotton Blue, CB–= acyanophilous, L = mean spore length (arithmetic average of all spores), W = mean spore width (arithmetic average of all spores), Q = variation in the L/W ratios between the specimens studied, n = number of spores measured from a given number of specimens. Color terms followed Petersen (1996).

DNA extraction and sequencing

Total genomic DNA was extracted from dried specimens using a cetyltrime-thylammonium bromide (CTAB) Rapid Plant Genome Extraction Kit (Aidlab Biotech-nologies Company, Ltd., Beijing, China) according to the manufacturer’s instructions with some modifications (Li et al. 2014; Ji et al. 2022). Two DNA gene fragments, ITS and nLSU, were amplified using the primer pairs ITS5/ITS4 and LR0R/LR7 (White et al. 1990). The PCR procedures for ITS and nLSU followed Song et al. (2022) and Sun et al. (2022) in the phylogenetic analyses. All PCR products were directly purified and sequenced at the Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI), China, with the same primers. Newly generated sequences were submitted to GenBank and are listed in Tables 1, 2.

Table 1.
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List of species, specimens and GenBank accession numbers of sequences used in the phylogeny of Ceriporiopsis.

Species Sample no. Location GenBank accession no. Reference
ITS nLSU
Ceriporiopsis andreanae CBS 279.92 USA, Montana ALYI01000630 – Cheng et al. 2022
C. herbicola K 132752 UK, Oxfordshire KX008364 KX081076 Zhao and Wu 2017
C. pseudogilvescens Niemelä 7447 Finland FJ496680 FJ496700 Tomšovský et al. 2010
C. pseudogilvescens TAA 168233 Estonia FJ496673 FJ496702 Tomšovský et al. 2010
C. pseudogilvescens BRNM 686416 Slovakia FJ496679 FJ496703 Tomšovský et al. 2010
C. subrufa BRNM 710164 Czech Republic FJ496661 FJ496723 Tomšovský et al. 2010
C. subrufa BRNM 710172 Czech Republic FJ496662 FJ496724 Tomšovský et al. 2010
C. tianshanensis Cui 19150 China, Xinjiang OP920992 OP920984 Present study
C. tianshanensis Cui 19151 China, Xinjiang OP920993 OP920985 Present study
Ceriporiopsoides guidella HUBO 7659 Italy FJ496687 FJ496722 Tomšovský et al. 2010
C. lagerheimii 58240 Ecuador, Napo KX008365 KX081077 Zhao and Wu 2017
Hydnophlebia fimbriata Dai 11672 China, Hunan KJ698633 KJ698637 Zhao et al. 2015
H. fimbriata Cui 1671 China, Jiangsu KJ698634 KJ698638 Zhao et al. 2015
Mycoacia gilvescens BRNM 710166 Czech Republic FJ496684 FJ496720 Tomšovský et al. 2010
M. gilvescens Yuan 2752 China, Shaanxi KF845953 KF845946 Zhao and Cui 2014
M. gilvescens BRNM 667882 Czech Republic FJ496685 FJ496719 Tomšovský et al. 2010
M. kunmingensis C.L. Zhao 152 China, Yunnan KX081072 KX081074 Zhao and Wu 2017
M. kunmingensis C.L. Zhao 153 China, Yunnan KX081073 KX081075 Zhao and Wu 2017
Phlebicolorata alboaurantia Cui 2877 China, Fujian KF845954 KF845947 Zhao and Cui 2014
P. alboaurantia Cui 4136 China, Fujian KF845948 KF845955 Zhao and Cui 2014
P. pseudoplacenta JV 050952 USA, Tennessee JN592499 JN592506 Vlasák et al. 2012
P. pseudoplacenta PRM 899297 USA JN592497 JN592504 Vlasák et al. 2012
P. rosea Dai 13573 China, Yunnan KJ698635 KJ698639 Zhao et al. 2015
P. rosea Dai 13584 China, Yunnan KJ698636 KJ698640 Zhao et al. 2015
P. semisupina Cui 10222 China, Zhejiang KF845949 KF845956 Zhao and Cui 2014
P. semisupina Cui 10189 China, Zhejiang KF845958 KF845951 Zhao and Cui 2014
P. semisupina Cui 7971 China, Yunnan KF845950 KF845957 Zhao and Cui 2014
Raduliporus aneirinus Dai 12657 Finland, Helsinki KF845952 KF845945 Zhao and Cui 2014
Antrodia serpens Dai 7465 Luxemburg KR605813 KR605752 Liu et al. 2023a
Rhodofomes roseus Cui 17046 China, Yunnan ON417187 ON417238 Liu et al. 2023a
Table 2.
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List of species, specimens and GenBank accession numbers of sequences used in the phylogeny of Sidera.

Species Sample no. Location GenBank accession no. Reference
ITS nLSU
Sidera inflata Cui 13610 China, Hainan MW198480 – Liu et al. 2021b
S. lenis Miettinen 11036 Finland FN907914 FN907914 Miettinen and Larsson 2011
S. lunata JS 15063 Norway DQ873593 DQ873593 Miettinen and Larsson 2011
S. malaysiana Dai 18570 Malaysia MW198481 MW192007 Liu et al. 2021b
S. minutipora Gates FF257 Australia FN907922 FN907922 Miettinen and Larsson 2011
S. minutipora Cui 16720 Australia MN621349 MN621348 Du et al. 2020
S. minutissima Dai 18471A China, Hainan MW198482 MW192008 Liu et al. 2021b
S. minutissima Dai 19529 Sri Lanka MN621352 MN621350 Du et al. 2020
S. parallela Cui 10346 China, Yunnan MK346145 – Du et al. 2020
S. parallela Cui 10361 China, Yunnan MK346144 – Du et al. 2020
S. punctata Dai 22119 China, Hainan MW418438 MW418437 Liu et al. 2021b
S. roseo-bubalina Dai 11277 China, Henan MW198483 – Liu et al. 2021b
S. salmonea Dai 23354 China, Tibet OM974250 OM974242 Liu et al. 2022
S. salmonea Dai 23343 China, Tibet OM974249 OM974241 Liu et al. 2022
S. salmonea Dai 23428 China, Tibet OM974251 OM974243 Liu et al. 2022
S. tianshanensis Cui 19132 China, Xinjiang OP920994 OP920986 Present study
S. tianshanensis Cui 19143 China, Xinjiang OP920995 OP920987 Present study
S. tianshanensis Cui 19186 China, Xinjiang OP920996 OP920988 Present study
S. tianshanensis Cui 19192 China, Xinjiang OP920997 OP920989 Present study
S. tianshanensis Cui 19196 China, Xinjiang OP920998 OP920990 Present study
S. tianshanensis Cui 19251 China, Xinjiang OP920999 OP920991 Present study
S. srilankensis Dai 19654 Sri Lanka MN621344 MN621346 Du et al. 2020
S. srilankensis Dai 19581 Sri Lanka MN621345 MN621347 Du et al. 2020
S. tenuis Dai 18698 Australia MK331866 MK331868 Du et al. 2020
S. tenuis Dai 18697 Australia MK331865 MK331867 Du et al. 2020
S. tibetica Dai 23648 China, Tibet OM974253 OM974245 Liu et al. 2022
S. tibetica Dai 23407 China, Tibet OM974252 OM974244 Liu et al. 2022
S. tibetica Dai 21057 Belarus MW198484 MW192009 Liu et al. 2021b
S. tibetica Dai 22151 China, Guangxi MW477794 MW474965 Liu et al. 2021b
S. vesiculosa BJFC025367 Singapore MH636565 MH636567 Du et al. 2020
S. vesiculosa BJFC025377 Singapore MH636564 MH636566 Du et al. 2020
S. borealis Cui 11216 China, Shaanxi MW198485 – Liu et al. 2021b
S. vulgaris Ryvarden 37198 New Zealand FN907918 FN907918 Miettinen and Larsson 2011
S. lowei Miettinen X419 Venezuela FN907917 FN907917 Miettinen and Larsson 2011
S. lowei Miettinen X426 New Zealand FN907919 FN907919 Miettinen and Larsson 2011
Skvortzovia furfuraceum KHL 11738 Finland DQ873648 DQ873648 Liu et al. 2022
S. furfurella KHL 10180 Puerto Rico DQ873649 DQ873649 Liu et al. 2022

Phylogenetic analysis

Phylogenetic analyses for Ceriporiopsis and Sidera were performed with maximum parsimony (MP), maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) analyses based on the combined ITS+nLSU dataset. New generated sequences were aligned with the additional sequences retrieved from GenBank (Tables 1, 2) using BioEdit 7.0.5.3 (Hall 1999) and ClustalX 1.83 (Thompson et al. 1997), followed by manual adjustments. Antrodia serpens (Fr.) P. Karst. and Rhodofomes roseus (Alb. & Schwein.) Kotl. & Pouzar were used as outgroups in the phylogeny of Ceriporiopsis (Zhao and Wu 2017), while Skvortzovia furfurella (Bres.) Bononi & Hjortstam and Skvortzovia furfuracea (Bres.) G. Gruhn & Hallenberg were used as outgroups in the phylogeny of Sidera (Liu et al. 2022).

Maximum parsimony (MP) analysis was performed in PAUP* version 4.0b10 (Swofford 2002). The settings for phylogenetic analyses in this study followed the approach of Ji et al. (2022) and Zhu et al. (2019). All characters were equally weighted, and gaps were treated as missing data. Trees were inferred using the heuristic search option with TBR branch swapping and 1000 random sequence additions. Max trees were set to 5000, branches of zero length were collapsed, and all parsimonious trees were saved. Clade robustness was assessed using a bootstrap (BT) analysis with 1000 replicates (Felsenstein 1985). Descriptive tree statistics tree length (TL), consistency index (CI), retention index (RI), rescaled consistency index (RC) and homoplasy index (HI) were calculated for each generated Maximum Parsimonious Tree (MPT) (Page 1996).

Maximum likelihood (ML) analysis was conducted by RAxML-HPC252 through the CIPRES Science Gateway (www.phylo.org) and involved 100 ML searches. All model parameters were estimated by the program. Only the best maximum likelihood tree from all searches was retained. The maximum likelihood bootstrap values (ML-BS) were determined using rapid bootstrapping with 1000 replicates. The phylogenetic tree was visualized using Treeview (Page 1996).

Bayesian inference (BI) analysis was implemented in MrBayes 3.2.6 (Ronquist et al. 2012). There were two independent runs, each of which had four chains for 1,000,000 generations sampling from the posterior distribution every 1000th generation to check that the PSRF (potential scale reduction factors) were reasonably close to 1.0 for all parameters indicative of chain convergence. The first 25% of the sampled trees were discarded as burn-in, while the remaining trees were used to obtain the Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPPs) of the clades. A majority rule consensus tree of all remaining trees was calculated.

Branches that received bootstrap support for maximum parsimony (MP), maximum likelihood (ML) higher than or equal to 75% (MP and ML-BS) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP) higher than or equal to 0.95 (BPP) were considered significantly supported. The best topologies from MP analyses are shown in this study, and the final alignments and the retrieved topologies were deposited in TreeBASE (http://www.treebase.org accessed on 28 April 2023), under accession ID: 29931.

Results

Molecular phylogeny

The phylogeny of Ceriporiopsis, based on a combined ITS and nLSU dataset, included 30 ITS sequences and 29 nLSU sequences from 30 fungal specimens, representing 17 species. The dataset had an aligned length of 2153 characters, of which 1399 characters were constant, 200 were variable and parsimony-uninformative and 554 were parsimony informative. Maximum parsimony analysis yielded one equally parsimonious tree (TL = 1902, CI = 0.601, RI = 0.763, RC = 0.459, HI = 0.399), and a strict consensus tree of these trees is shown in Fig. 1. The best model fit applied in the Bayesian inference analysis was GTR+I+G. Bayesian analysis and ML analysis resulted in a similar topology to MP analysis, with an average standard deviation of split frequencies of 0.006591 (BI).

Figure 1. 

Maximum parsimony (MP) tree of Ceriporiopsis based on the combined ITS+nLSU dataset. Branches are labelled with maximum parsimony/maximum likelihood bootstrap values higher than 75% and Bayesian posterior probability values greater than 0.95. The new species is indicated in bold.

The phylogeny of Sidera, based on a combined ITS and nLSU dataset, included 37 ITS sequences and 32 nLSU sequences from 37 fungal specimens, representing 19 species. The dataset had an aligned length of 2235 characters, of which 1453 characters were constant, 205 were variable and parsimony-uninformative and 577 were parsimony in-formative. Maximum parsimony analysis yielded one equally parsimonious tree (TL = 2233, CI = 0.583, RI = 0.760, RC = 0.443, HI = 0.417), and a strict consensus tree of these trees is shown in Fig. 2. The best model fit applied in the Bayesian inference analysis was GTR+I+G. Bayesian analysis and ML analysis resulted in a similar topology as MP analysis, with an average standard deviation of split frequencies of 0.007516 (BI).

Figure 2. 

Maximum parsimony (MP) tree of Sidera based on the combined ITS+nLSU dataset. Branches are labelled with maximum parsimony/maximum likelihood bootstrap values higher than 75% and Bayesian posterior probabilities greater than 0.95.

Within the phylogenetic tree of Ceriporiopsis, the new species C. tianshanensis was closely related to C. subrufa with high supports (100% ML, 100% MP, 1.00 BPP; Fig. 1). However, the ITS sequences of Ceriporiopsis tianshanensis and C. subrufa were significantly different, with 31 different nucleobases, and the similarity was 94.80% by nucleotide blast. The difference in the nLSU sequence was not significant; there were 4 different nucleobases, and the similarity was 99.29% by nucleotide blast.

In addition, the phylogenetic tree of Sidera, the new species Sidera tianshanensis, was closely related to S. salmonea with high support (100% ML, 93% MP, 1.00 BPP; Fig. 2). However, the ITS sequences of Sidera tianshanensis and S. salmonea were significantly different, with 40 different nucleobases, and the similarity was 94.29% by nucleotide blast. The difference in the nLSU sequence was not significant; there were 7 different nucleobases, and the similarity was 99.55% by nucleotide blast.

Taxonomy

Ceriporiopsis tianshanensis B.K. Cui & T.M. Xu, sp. nov.

MycoBank No: 848610
Figs 3, 4

Diagnosis

Ceriporiopsis tianshanensis is characterized by a cream to salmon-buff pore surface when fresh, large pores measuring 1–3 per mm, broadly ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 5–6.5 × 3–4 μm, and growth on the stump of Picea schrenkiana Fisch. et Mey.

Type

China. Xinjiang Autonomous Region, Tekes County, Kosang Cave National Forest Park, on the stump of Picea schrenkiana, 19 September 2021, Cui 19150 (holotype).

Etymology

tianshanensis (Lat.): referring to the species occurrence in Tianshan.

Fruiting body

Basidiocarps annual, resupinate, adnate, not easily separated from the substrate, soft corky when fresh, fragile to hard fibrous when dry, up to 12 cm long, 3 cm wide, 2 mm thick. Pore surface white to cream or salmon-buff when fresh, becoming buff to vinaceous-buff or fawn when dry; pores irregular, 1–3 per mm; dissepiments thin, entire. Subiculum cream to buff and fibrous to soft corky when dry, up to 4 mm thick. Tubes concolorous with pore surface, corky, up to 4 mm long.

Hyphal structure

Hyphal system monomitic; generative hyphae with clamp connections, lack crystal, IKI–, CB–; tissues unchanged in KOH.

Subiculum

Generative hyphae hyaline, thin- to slightly thick-walled, often branched, interwoven, 3.5–5 μm in diameter.

Tubes

Generative hyphae hyaline, thin- to slightly thick-walled, occasionally branched, interwoven, 3–6 μm in diameter. Cystidia and other sterile hymenial elements absent. Basidia short clavate to barrel-shaped, bearing four sterigmata and a basal clamp connection, 12–22 × 5–6 μm; basidioles dominant, in shape similar to basidia, but smaller.

Figure 3. 

Basidiocarps of Ceriporiopsis tianshanensis (Cui 19151). Scale bar: 1.0 cm.

Spores

Basidiospores broadly ellipsoid, colorless, thin-walled, smooth, often with one guttule, IKI–, CB–, 5–6.5 × 3–4 µm, L = 5.9 µm, W = 3.5 µm, Q = 1.69–1.74 (n = 60/2).

Figure 4. 

Microscopic structures of Ceriporiopsis tianshanensis (Cui 19150) a basidiospores b basidia and basidioles c hyphae from the subiculum d hyphae from trama.

Type of rot

White rot.

Additional specimen (paratype) examined

China. Xinjiang Autonomous Region, Tekes County, Kosang Cave National Forest Park, on the stump of Picea schrenkiana, 19 September 2021, Cui 19151.

Sidera tianshanensis B.K. Cui & T.M. Xu, sp. nov.

MycoBank No: 848611
Figs 5, 6

Diagnosis

Sidera tianshanensis is characterized by annual to perennial basidiocarps, measuring 15 mm thick, pores measuring 5–7 per mm, cream to rosy buff pore surface, allantoid basidiospores measuring 3–3.5 × 1–1.4 µm, and growing on the stump or trunk of Picea schrenkiana.

Figure 5. 

Basidiocarp of Sidera tianshanensis (Cui 19143). Scale bar: 2.0 cm.

Type

China. Xinjiang Autonomous Region, Tekes County, Kosang Cave National Forest Park, on fallen trunk of Picea schrenkiana, 19 September 2021, Cui 19143 (holotype).

Figure 6. 

Microscopic structures of Sidera tianshanensis (Cui 19143) a basidiospores b basidia and basidioles c Cystidioles d hyphae from the subiculum e hyphae at the disappearance edge f hyphae from trama.

Etymology

tianshanensis (Lat.): referring to the species occurrence in Tianshan.

Fruiting body

Basidiocarps annual to perennial, resupinate, soft corky, up to 10 cm long, 5 cm wide, and 15 mm thick at the center; pore surface cream to buff yellow, uncracked; sterile margin indistinct, cottony, white, thinning out; pores angular, 5–7 per mm; dissepiments thin, entire; subiculum white, cottony and up to 0.1 mm thick; tubes concolorous with pore surface, up to 15 mm long.

Hyphal structure

Hyphal system dimitic; generative hyphae bearing clamp connections; rosette-like crystals frequently present; all hyphae IKI–, CB–; tissue unchanged in KOH.

Subiculum

Generative hyphae infrequent, thin-walled, hyaline, occasionally branched, 2–2.5 µm in diameter; skeletal hyphae dominant, interwoven, unbranched, 2–3 µm diameter.

Tubes

Generative hyphae infrequent, thin-walled, hyaline, occasionally branched, 1.5–2.5 µm in diameter; skeletal hyphae dominant, thick-walled with a wide to medium lumen, hyaline, occasionally branched, interwoven, flexuous, 2–3 µm in diameter. Cystidia absent; cystidioles present, fusoid, thin-walled, hyaline, basally swollen, with hyphoid neck and sharp tip, 15–22 × 3–4 µm. Basidia barrel-shaped, hyaline, bearing four sterigmata and a basal clamp connection, 5.5–7 × 3.5–4.5 µm; basidioles pyriform, shorter than the basidia.

Spores

Basidiospores allantoid, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, occasionally with one or more guttules, IKI–, CB–, 3–3.5 × 1–1.4 µm, L = 3.12 µm, W = 1.18 µm, Q = 2.6–2.7 (n = 150/5).

Type of rot

White rot.

Additional specimens (paratypes) examined

China. Xinjiang Autonomous Region, Tekes County, Kosang Cave National Forest Park, on stump of Picea schrenkiana, 19 September 2021, Cui 19132; Tekes County, Karada Town, Qiongkushitai Village, on stump of Picea schrenkiana, 19 September 2021, Cui 19186, Cui 19192; on fallen trunk of Picea schrenkiana, 19 September 2021, Cui 19196, Cui 19251.

Discussion

In this study, phylogenetic trees of Ceriporiopsis and Sidera were constructed using combined ITS and nLSU sequences, respectively. The two newly proposed species formed separate branches on the phylogenetic trees with high support. In addition, both Ceriporiopsis tianshanensis and Sidera tianshanensis differ from other recorded species through their morphological characteristics.

According to our phylogenetic analyses of Ceriporiopsis based on the combined ITS+nLSU dataset, Ceriporiopsis tianshanensis was involved in Ceriporiopsis s.s. with strong support (100% ML, 100% MP, 1.00 BPPs) (Fig. 1). Ceriporiopsis subrufa was closely related to C. tianshanensis in the phylogenetic tree (Fig. 1), but there were obvious morphological differences between them. Ceriporiopsis subrufa is distinguished from C. tianshanensis by thicker basidiocarps (10 mm) and angular pores, and by growing on angiosperm trees (Ryvarden and Gilbertson 1993). Mophologically, Ceriporiopsis tianshanensis is similar to C. pseudoplacenta Vlasák & Ryvarden and C. aneirina (Sommerf.) Domański by white to cream to salmon-buff pore surface, and by broadly ellipsoid basidiospores of similar size (Ryvarden and Gilbertson 1993; Vlasák et al. 2012). However, Ceriporiopsis pseudoplacenta has thicker basidiocarps (6 mm), circular to angular pores and smaller basidiospores (3.5–4.5 × 2.2–3 µm) (Vlasák et al. 2012). The difference between Ceriporiopsis aneirina and C. tianshanensis is that the former has thicker basidiocarps (4 mm), generative hyphae with thin walls and crystals, and grows on angiosperm trees (Ryvarden and Gilbertson 1993).

The phylogenetic analysis of Sidera showed that Sidera tianshanensis was involved in Sidera s.s. with strong support (100% ML, 96% MP, 1.00 BPPs) (Fig. 2). In addition, Sidera salmonea was closely related to S. tianshanensis in the phylogenetic tree (Fig. 2). However, Sidera salmonea is distinguished from S. tianshanensis by its shape and size of the basidiospores (3–3.5 × 0.9–1.1 µm, Q = 3.03–3.21, lunate vs. 3–3.5 × 1–1.4 µm, Q = 2.6–2.7, allantoid), smaller pores (7–9 per mm vs. 5–7 per mm), and surface of basidiocarps being salmon to slightly shiny, while that of the latter is cream to rosy buff (Liu et al. 2022). Morphologically, Sidera tianshanensis is similar to S. parallela, both presenting cream to buff yellow pore surfaces and the pore sizes were similar (Du et al. 2020). However, Sidera parallela differs from S. tianshanensis by its thinner basidiocarps (1.5 mm vs. 15 mm); in addition, S. parallela grows on angiosperm trees (Du et al. 2020), while S. tianshanensis grows on Picea schrenkiana.

Based on the records in previous literature and the introduction in this study, 42 species of Ceriporiopsis have been recorded in the world, among which 9 species are distributed in China (Binder et al. 2005; Zhao and Wu 2017; Ryvarden 2018, 2019, 2020; Zhao et al. 2023). Ceriporiopsis is widely distributed across five continents, with the exception of Antarctica and Oceania. The genus is most diverse in Africa, where it is represented by 17 species. South America has 10 species, North America has 7 species, Asia has 7 species, and Europe has 4 species. A total of 19 species of Sidera have been recorded worldwide, among which 10 species are distributed in China (Liu et al. 2023b). Sidera is currently a genus of fungi that has been relatively understudied. Among the discovered species that have been discovered so far, Asia has the highest number with 13 species, followed by Oceania with 4 species, Europe with 3 species, and North and South America with 1 species each. With the in-depth investigation of wood-inhabiting fungi in Xinjiang, an increasing number of new species of wood-inhabiting fungi will be discovered. The species diversity of wood-inhabiting fungi in China will also be richer.

Acknowledgments

We express our gratitude to Mr. Zheng-Xiang Qi (China) and Dr. Jun-Zhi Qiu (China) for their companionship during field collections.

Additional information

Conflict of interest

No conflict of interest was declared.

Ethical statement

No ethical statement was reported.

Funding

The research is supported by the Scientific and Technological Tackling Plan for the Key Fields of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (No. 2021AB004), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. U2003211, 32270010), and Beijing Forestry University Outstanding Young Talent Cultivation Project (No. 2019JQ03016).

Author contributions

Conceptualization, Y.-F.S.; and T.-M.X.; methodology, T.-M.X.; software, S.L.; validation, S.L.; C.-G.S.; formal analysis, T.-M.X.; investigation, T.-M.X.; Y.-F.S.; C.-G.S.; S.L.; N.G.; D.-M. W. and B.-K.C. resources, B.-K.C.; data curation, Y.-F.S.; and T.-M.X.; writing–original draft preparation, T.-M.X.; writing–review and editing, Y.-F.S. and B.-K.C.; visualization, T.-M.X.; supervision, B.-K.C.; project administration, B.-K.C. and D.-M.W.; funding acquisition, B.-K.C.; D.-M.W. and N.G.. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Author ORCIDs

Tai-Min Xu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5230-4140

Yi-Fei Sun https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3997-3662

Shun Liu https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9261-4365

Chang-Ge Song https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5379-2353

Neng Gao https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4745-987X

Dong-Mei Wu https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4126-0767

Bao-Kai Cui https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3059-9344

Data availability

All of the data that support the findings of this study are available in the main text or Supplementary Information.

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