Corresponding author: Jesús García-Jiménez (
Academic editor: Claudia Perin
Two new species of sequestrate fungi are described from south Mexico based on morphological and molecular evidences. Here we describe
de la Fuente JI, García-Jiménez J, Raymundo T, Sánchez-Flores M, Valenzuela R, Guevara-Guerrero G, Pérez-Ovando EC, Martínez-González CR (2023)
Sequestrate fungi are characterized by producing hypogeous sporome, protected by a thick peridium to avoid desiccation, changes in temperature, and humidity (
Hypogeous fungi have been studied in Mexico since the 1970’s and the studies of
The state of Chiapas is located in southern Mexico and is an important reservoir of montane cloud forest (
Mycological explorations were carried out in the state of Chiapas, southern Mexico (Fig.
Montane cloud forest at La Trinitaria, Chiapas, Mexico.
The DNA was obtained from herbarium specimens (Tables
GenbBank accession numbers corresponding to the sequences used in the phylogenetic analyses for
Species name | Isolate/Voucher/strain | Locality | GenBank Accessions | |
---|---|---|---|---|
|
nrLSU | |||
|
16952 | Italy |
|
– |
|
TH9660 (Type) | Guyana |
|
|
|
GO-2009-211 | Mexico |
|
– |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
16955 | Spain |
|
– |
LIP0001141 | Spain | – |
|
|
|
TH8880 | Guyana |
|
– |
TH8880 | Guyana |
|
– | |
|
Trappe 12436 | USA |
|
– |
Trappe 28269 | USA |
|
– | |
|
MCA1923 | Guyana | – |
|
|
TH10015 | Cameroon |
|
|
TH9859 (type) | Cameroon |
|
|
|
TH9897 | Cameroon |
|
|
|
|
KM47712 | UK |
|
– |
|
KT-TW09-030 | Taiwan |
|
– |
KT-TW09-031 | Taiwan |
|
|
|
|
TH9934 | Cameroon |
|
|
THDJA 39 (type) | Cameroon |
|
|
|
|
TH9918 (type) | Cameroon |
|
|
|
16960 | Italy |
|
– |
|
16961 | Italy |
|
– |
|
Hy14 | Finland |
|
– |
HA38 | Latvia |
|
– | |
HB1 | Indonesia | – |
|
|
YM144 | Japan | – |
|
|
AM3GA3A4 | USA | – |
|
|
LM5570B | Hungary | – |
|
|
73812 | UK | – |
|
|
GM1332 | USA | – |
|
|
Uncultured |
141A | Canada |
|
|
GenbBank accession numbers corresponding to the sequences used in the phylogenetic analyses for
Species name | Isolate/Voucher/strain | GenBank Accessions | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
nrLSU |
|
||
|
628 | – | – |
|
|
TRTC156542 |
|
– | – |
|
620 |
|
|
– |
|
427 |
|
|
– |
|
14 |
|
|
|
|
TENN064538 |
|
– |
|
|
L644 |
|
– | – |
|
17 |
|
|
|
|
626 |
|
|
– |
|
512 |
|
|
– |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LNM221111 |
|
– | – |
|
MES 1012 |
|
– | – |
|
41 |
|
|
– |
|
216 |
|
– | – |
|
30 |
|
|
|
|
607 |
|
|
– |
|
2010039 |
|
– | – |
|
621 |
|
|
– |
|
MEN 2005113 |
|
|
– |
|
2011043 |
|
– | – |
|
K382 |
|
– |
|
|
222 | – |
|
|
|
233 |
|
|
– |
|
2005108 |
|
|
|
|
221 |
|
|
– |
67195 |
|
– | – | |
|
215 |
|
|
– |
|
231 |
|
– | – |
|
15721 |
|
– | – |
632 |
|
|
– | |
|
6 |
|
– | – |
|
2010037 |
|
– | – |
|
K381 |
|
– |
|
|
40 |
|
|
|
|
627 |
|
|
– |
|
MFLU 12-2045 |
|
|
|
|
182 |
|
|
– |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
209 |
|
|
– |
|
YL2269 |
|
|
– |
|
405 |
|
|
– |
|
27 |
|
|
|
|
629 |
|
|
– |
|
210 |
|
|
|
|
24 |
|
|
|
To explore the phylogenetic relationships of the new species of
To explore the phylogenetic relationships of the new species of
Phylogenetic inferences were estimated with maximum likelihood (
The
Bayesian inference phylogram of
Bayesian inference phylogram of
The species was named
Mexico. Chiapas: la Trinitaria Municipality, Lagunas de Monte bello, alt. 1004 m,
Known only from the Mexican state of Chiapas, growing scattered, and hypogeous under
Named
Pileus 12–15 mm, subglobose, flattened when young, becoming depressed when mature, sulcate, pale yellow (4A3) to light yellow (4A5), slightly velvety, margin incurved enclosing the hymenium, dry in appearance, sometimes with brownish fibrils. Hymenophore lamellate, slightly irregular, pale orange to orange white (5A2) to light yellow (4A5), not exposed even in mature specimens. Stipe 4–9 × 3–4 mm, cylindrical or absent, light yellow (4A5), smooth or finely fibrillose. Taste and odor fungoid, mild.
Known only from the state of Chiapas, growing sub hypogeous under
Mexico. Chiapas: la Trinitaria Municipality, Lagunas de Monte bello, alt. 1004 m,
Hypogeous fungi in Mexico have been scarcely studied compared to epigeous fungi; however, from the 2000s, new species have been regularly described, mainly from temperate forests (
Chiapas is one of the states with the greatest biological richness in Mexico, only surpassed by Oaxaca (
The sequestrate fungi have been studied mostly in the temperate regions of the north and center of the country;
Sánchez-Flores, Martínez-González, Guevara-Guerrero, García-Jiménez and de la Fuente thank CONACYT, PRODEP, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Ciudad Victoria for financial support; María Berenit Mendoza-Garfias, Head of the Laboratory of Scanning Electron Microscopy facility at IB-UNAM; Raymundo and Valenzuela thank the Instituto Politécnico Nacional with the project (SIP): 20230017 and 20230624. Also, we thank to reviewers and editors for their kind observations on the document.