Corresponding author: Yupeng Ge (
Academic editor: Thorsten Lumbsch
Only three
Na Q, Hu Y, Zeng H, Song Z, Ding H, Cheng X, Ge Y (2022) Updated taxonomy on
In previous taxonomic studies, many authors have suggested that the genus
Only three
Specimens were collected in Anhui, Fujian, Jilin, and Zhejiang provinces, China, from June 2019 to August 2021. Basidiomata were photographed in their natural habitats with a Canon 90D digital camera and then dried on allochroic silica gel. Fresh fruiting bodies were recorded in the field to identify macroscopic characters. In our descriptions, color codes and notations follow Kornerup & Wanscher (
Genomic DNA was extracted from dried specimens using a NuClean Plant Genomic DNA kit (Kangwei Century Biotechnology Co., Beijing, China). The internal transcribed spacer (
Sequenced specimens used in phylogenetic analysis. New and newly recorded species are marked in bold.
No. | Taxa | Voucher | Locality | Reference | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 |
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MCVE:30184 | Italy |
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2 |
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STU:SMNS-B-FU-2017/00898 | not indicated |
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– | from GenBank |
3 |
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PRM 921866 | Czech |
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|
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4 |
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BRNM 736053 | Slovakia |
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|
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5 |
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2319-QFB-25741 | not indicated |
|
– | from GenBank |
6 |
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STU:SMNS-B-FU-2017/00926 | not indicated |
|
– | from GenBank |
7 |
|
NAMA 2017-349 | not indicated |
|
– | from GenBank |
8 |
|
D | Italy |
|
– |
|
9 |
|
GDOR | Italy |
|
– |
|
10 |
|
LE 262757 | Russia |
|
– |
|
11 |
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LE 6639 | Russia |
|
– |
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12 |
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LE 262744 | Russia |
|
– |
|
13 |
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LE 262743 | Russia |
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– |
|
14 |
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BPI M-20.989 | Russia |
|
– |
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15 |
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BPI M-20.825 | Russia |
|
– |
|
16 |
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LE253926 | Russia |
|
– |
|
17 |
|
LE262737 | Russia |
|
– |
|
18 |
|
AFTOL-ID 1554 | USA |
|
– |
|
19 |
|
3512 | not indicated |
|
– | from GenBank |
20 |
|
BIOUG24046-B03 | Canada |
|
– |
|
21 |
|
WU 20008 | Austria |
|
|
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22 |
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S.D. Russell iNaturalist # 8591258 | India |
|
– | from GenBank |
23 |
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S.D. Russell iNaturalist # 8606755 | India |
|
– | from GenBank |
24 |
|
AFTOL-ID 1529 | USA |
|
|
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25 |
|
|
|
|
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26 |
|
|
|
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– |
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27 |
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28 |
|
|
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29 |
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30 |
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31 |
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HMJAU 47636 | China |
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32 |
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HMJAU 47942 | China |
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33 |
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HMJAU 47943 | China |
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34 |
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CAL 1666 | India |
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35 |
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CAL 1665 | India |
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36 |
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– |
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from GenBank | |
37 |
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|
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from GenBank |
38 |
|
|
|
|
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from GenBank |
39 |
|
|
|
|
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from GenBank |
40 |
|
|
|
|
– | from GenBank |
41 |
|
|
|
|
|
from GenBank |
42 |
|
KACC 43599 | Korea |
|
– |
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43 |
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KACC 43600 | Korea |
|
– |
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44 |
|
not indicated | Korea |
|
– |
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45 |
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FA249 | Pakistan |
|
– |
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46 |
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FA236 | Pakistan |
|
– |
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47 |
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FA239 | Pakistan |
|
– |
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48 |
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49 |
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50 |
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51 |
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52 |
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53 |
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54 |
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55 |
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56 |
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DJL05NC72 | USA |
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– |
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57 |
|
TFB12519/TENN60718 | USA |
|
– |
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58 |
|
TFB12783/TENN61350 | USA |
|
– |
|
59 |
|
TFB11947 clone C2 | USA |
|
– |
|
60 |
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TFB11947 clone C3 | USA |
|
– |
|
61 |
|
TFB11947 clone C5 | USA |
|
– |
|
62 |
|
TFB14234 | USA |
|
– |
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63 |
|
TFB14514 | USA |
|
– |
|
64 |
|
TFB11947 | USA |
|
– | from GenBank |
65 |
|
Redhead 5175, DAOM | not indicated |
|
– |
|
66 |
|
FLAS-F-60986 | USA |
|
– | from GenBank |
67 |
|
FLAS-F-61518 | USA |
|
– | from GenBank |
68 |
|
Smith-2018 | USA |
|
– | Direct Submission |
69 |
|
Mushroom Observer # 243440 | USA |
|
– | Direct Submission |
70 |
|
iNaturalist # 8545787 | India |
|
– | from GenBank |
71 |
|
S.D. Russell MycoMap # 6854 | India |
|
– | from GenBank |
72 |
|
SP307883 (SP) | Brazil | – |
|
|
73 |
|
PDD:87667 | New Zealand |
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– | from GenBank |
74 |
|
BRNM 788347 | Madeira |
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75 |
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PRM 924657 | Czech |
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76 |
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77 |
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78 |
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79 |
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DAOM196062 | USA | – |
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80 |
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AFTOL-ID 1720 | Czech |
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81 |
|
OSC 112834 | USA |
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from GenBank |
82 |
|
China |
|
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83 |
|
China |
|
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84 |
|
China |
|
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85 |
|
China |
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86 |
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KA12-0435 | South Korea |
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– |
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87 |
|
CAL 1246 (HOLOTYPE) | India |
|
|
|
88 |
|
BCN-SCM B-4064 | Italy |
|
|
|
89 |
|
TFB11884/TENN60766 | USA |
|
– |
|
90 |
|
TENN62231 | USA |
|
– |
|
91 |
|
TENN62230 clone c4 | USA |
|
– |
|
92 |
|
TENN62230 clone c5 | USA |
|
– |
|
93 |
|
MICH 45002 | USA |
|
– |
|
94 |
|
TFB11561/TENN59447 | USA |
|
– |
|
95 |
|
DAOM208710 | USA |
|
– |
|
96 |
|
Mushroom Observer 291302 | USA |
|
– | Direct Submission |
97 |
|
Mushroom Observer 286893 | USA |
|
– | Direct Submission |
98 |
|
TENN60752 | USA |
|
– |
|
99 |
|
HR 91607 | Czech |
|
– |
|
100 |
|
TFB11572/TENN59523 | USA |
|
– |
|
101 |
|
LE 256-2004 | USA |
|
– |
|
102 |
|
10164 | Italy |
|
– |
|
103 |
|
BRNM 737654 | Czech |
|
|
|
104 |
|
LE-BIN 3863 | Russia |
|
– | from GenBank |
105 |
|
BHS2009-06 | USA |
|
– | from GenBank |
106 |
|
PUL F27039 | USA |
|
– | from GenBank |
107 |
|
TFB11075/TENN59558 clone c3 | USA |
|
– |
|
108 |
|
TFB11075/TENN59558 clone c8 | USA |
|
– |
|
109 |
|
DPL7405/TENN62058 clone c1 | USA |
|
– |
|
110 |
|
DPL7405/TENN62058 clone c2 | USA |
|
– |
|
111 |
|
FLAS-F-61511 | USA |
|
– | from GenBank |
112 |
|
HMJAU 43554 | China |
|
– |
|
113 |
|
HMJAU 43624 | China |
|
– |
|
114 |
|
HMJAU 43640 | China |
|
– |
|
115 |
|
Dai 12276 | China |
|
|
from GenBank |
116 |
|
Dai 12289 | China |
|
|
from GenBank |
117 |
|
CLZhao 1120 | China |
|
– | from GenBank |
118 |
|
CLZhao 2368 | China |
|
– | from GenBank |
119 |
|
SWFC 006350 | China |
|
– | from GenBank |
120 |
|
SWFC 006399 | China |
|
– | from GenBank |
121 |
|
CUH AM031 | India |
|
– |
|
122 |
|
CUH AM122 | India |
|
– |
|
123 |
|
KUN_HKAS63661 | China |
|
|
|
124 |
|
KUN_HKAS56709 | China |
|
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|
125 |
|
NW1487 | Thailand |
|
– | Direct Submission |
126 |
|
KUN_HKAS54710 | China |
|
|
|
127 |
|
KUN_HKAS56679 | China |
|
|
|
128 |
|
TC2-28 | China |
|
– |
|
129 |
|
CLZhao 4141 | China |
|
– | from GenBank |
The concatenated dataset of 127
Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian tree concatenated
In the phylogenetic tree shown in Fig.
Each individual
The weakly supported
Pileus dark brown at center, covered with dark brown fibrillose or pubescent. Stipe densely pruinose when young. Cheilocystidia present. Pileus trama with visible dark brown hyphae and coarse excrescences.
Fresh basidiomata of
China. Zhejiang Province, Lishui City, Qingyuan County, Baishanzu, 8 Jul 2020, Qin Na, Yupeng Ge, Yaping Hu, Hui Zeng, and Zewei Liu,
Microscopic features of
Refers to the type locality.
Pileus 3.0–25.5 mm in diam., hemispherical when young, becoming applanate and slightly concave at center with age, deeply infundibuliform when old, with uplifted margin, dark brown all over when young (2F8), dark brown at center and fading to light yellowish brown (2D4) towards the margin at maturity, margin light yellowish white (2A2), translucent–striate, sulcate, surface dry, with appressed dark brown (2F8) fibrillose or pubescent, margin glabrescent and brown (2F8), fibrillose or pubescent at the center with age. Context thin and fragile, yellowish white (2A2). Lamellae subdecurrent to decurrent, ascending, cream-white (3A2) to light yellowish white (2A2), faces concolorous with the sides. Stipe slender, 4.5–26.0 × 0.5–2.0 mm, hollow, cylindrical, central, straight, light whitish yellow (4A2), base yellow-brown (4D8) when old, densely pruinose on the entire surface when young, almost glabrous when old, slightly broadened at the base. Odor and taste inconspicuous.
Morphological features of
Basidiospores [140/7/6] (6.6) 7.5–8.4–9.3 (9.8) × (4.0) 4.4–4.9–5.4 (5.6) μm [
Solitary to scattered on rotten wood, branches, and twigs in mixed forests of
Anhui Province, Chizhou City, Shitai County, Dayan Village, Guniujiang National Natural Reserve, 31 Aug 2019, Qin Na, Yupeng Ge, Hui Zeng, Liangliang Qi, and Junqing Yan,
Basidiomata distinctly small. A pileus a bit slimy when moist. Stipe light yellow, base turning to light brown with age. Cheilocystidia common in clavate with rounded apex, rarely fusiform. Pileipellis occasionally with coarse excrescences.
Fresh basidiomata of
China. Zhejiang Province, Lishui City, Qingtian County, Shigu Lake, 6 Aug 2021, Qin Na, Yupeng Ge, Junqing Yan, Zewei Liu, and Yulan Sun,
Microscopic features of
Refers to the small basidiomata.
Pileus 1.5–9.0 mm in diam., at first convex, later applanate in the marginal zone, infundibuliform or deeply umbilicate in the center when old, grayish yellow (2B2) to shallow yellowish brown (2C4), shallowly sulcate, translucent–striate, smooth, a bit slimy when moist, but not hygrophanous. Context yellowish white (2A2), thin. Lamellae close to moderately close, shortly decurrent when young, whitish yellow (1A2), decurrent to deeply decurrent when old, concolorous with the sides. Stipe 5.0–18.0 × 1.0–2.0 mm, hollow or soon becoming hollow, generally central, equal or with slightly broader base, light yellow (2A2), becoming light brown (5C6) towards the base, pruinose, glabrescent when old, base covered with a few white fibrils. Odor and taste indistinctive.
Morphological features of
Basidiospores [140/7/6] (6.1) 6.3–6.8–7.2 (7.5) × (3.3) 3.5–3.8–4.1 (4.3) μm [
Scattered on rotten wood and twigs in mixed evergreenbroadleaf forests consisting of species of
Anhui Province, Chizhou City, Shitai County, Dayan Village, Guniujiang National Natural Reserve, 31 Aug 2019, Qin Na, Yupeng Ge, Hui Zeng, Liangliang Qi, and Junqing Yan,
Characteristics such as tiny omphalinoid basidiomata, decurrent lamellae, inamyloid and narrowly ellipsoid to cylindrical basidiospores, sarcodimitic tramal tissues, a pileipellis with pigmented terminal elements, and long cylindrical or clavate caulocystidia support the placement of this species in
Pileus fuscous and densely covered with tiny, deep brown fur or scales, distinctly radially striped with darkened lines. Stipe white, upper part slight brown when old. Cheilocystidia present. Pileipellis without coarse excrescences.
Fresh basidiomata of
China. Fujian Province, Nanping City, Wuyi Mountain, 25 Jul. 2020, Qin Na, Yupeng Ge, Yaping Hu, Hui Zeng, and Zewei Liu,
Microscopic features of
The name refers to the centrally depressed, umbilicate basidiocarps, which resemble an eye or a loudspeaker; zhujian is a mythical one-eyed Chinese creature who is usually very noisy, like a walking loudspeaker.
Morphological features of
Pileus 8.6–18.5 mm in diam., convex to broadly convex, papillate, applanate and centrally depressed, subumbilicate to umbilicate with age, pellucid-striate to rugulo-striate, or sulcate, always ± distinctly radially striped with darkened lines, fuliginous-fuscous (2F8) or fuscous (4F8) at center when young, grayish white (3B1) towards the margin, fading to brown (3F8) at the center, yellowish-brown (4E8) towards the margin, densely covered with tiny, deep brown (4F4) fur or scales, slightly sparse with age, with a slightly involuted margin. Context white, thin, tough. Lamellae subdecurrent to decurrent, moderately broad, pure white to yellowish-white (4A2), edges concolorous with the sides. Stipe 19.0–25.0 × 1.0–1.5 mm, central, cylindrical, almost equal above, white, slight brown (8D3–8D4) in upper part when old, fibrous, hollow, pruinose, base slightly swollen with tiny, white fine hairs. Odorless, taste mild.
Basidiospores [80/4/3] (6.3) 6.7–7.4–8.0 (8.5) × (3.2) 3.7–4.1–4.6 (4.8) μm [
Solitary to scattered on rotten wood, branches, and twigs in
Anhui Province, Chizhou City, Shitai County, Dayan Village, Guniujiang National Natural Reserve, 26 Jul 2019, Qin Na, Yupeng Ge, Hui Zeng, Junqing Yan, and Liangliang Qi,
Pileus 3.0–19.0 mm in diam., hemispherical at first, then convex with a depressed center, applanated and deeply umbilicate with age, slightly striate at the margin in younger basidiomata, slightly translucently striate forming shallow grooves, greenish yellow (2E3), yellowish brown (2D5), olive brown (2E8), always deeper at the center, fading light yellow (5A2) towards the margin, finely tomentose when young, glabrescent with age, with a flat margin. Context white to light yellow, thin. Lamellae moderately distant to distant, decurrent, white or pale yellow (5A2), narrow, edges concolorous with the sides. Stipe 19.0–36.0 × 1.0–2.5 mm, almost equal, but swollen at the base, terete, slender, hollow, pruinose overall, glabrescent with age; base with conspicuous white mycelioid bristles. Odorless, taste mild.
Fresh basidiomata of
Basidiospores [60/3/3] (6.8) 7.9–8.8–9.9 (10.7) × (3.7) 4.6–5.2–5.8 (6.3) μm [
Morphological features of
Solitary to caespitose on dead fallen twigs or rotten wood in mixed broadleaf–conifer forests from early spring to late autumn, common, especially in subtropical zones in China. Subtropical monsoon climate, subtropical humid climate subtropical maritime monsoon climate, or continental monsoon humid climate.
Microscopic features of
Known from Asia (Japan, Korea, Pakistan).
Anhui Province, Chizhou City, Shitai County, Dayan Village, Guniujiang National Natural Reserve, 7 Jun 2019, Qin Na, Yupeng Ge, Hui Zeng, Junqing Yan, and Liangliang Qi,
Having a sarcodimitic tissue structure,
Our phylogenetic analysis divided
The phylogenetically and morphologically closest genera to
Since 1995, only three species of
1 | Basidiomata not yellow or brown |
|
– | Basidiomata yellow to brown |
|
2 | Pileus and stipe blue |
|
– | Pileus and stipe white |
|
3 | Pleurocystidia present |
|
– | Pleurocystidia absent |
|
4 | Pileus densely covered with deep brown fur or scales |
|
– | Pileus without fur or scales |
|
5 | Basidiomata distinctly small (Pileus < 9 mm in diam.) |
|
– | Basidiomata moderately small (Pileus > 9 mm in diam.) |
|
6 | Cheilocystidia up to 48 μm |
|
– | Cheilocystidia less than 35 μm |
|
Morphological and molecular evidence support classification of the four newly recognized/recorded species as members of
Significantly, the phylogenetic relationship of
This study was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (grant no. ZR2020QC001), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 3190012), the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (grant no. ZR2019PC028), the Shandong Agricultural Industry Technology System (2021 grant no. 26, SDAIT-07-03), the Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund (grant no. GYZX200203), the Project of Biological Resources Survey in Wuyishan National Park (grant no. HXQT2020120701), the Project of Biodiversity Conservation in Lishui, Zhejiang Province (grant no. HXYJCP2021110648), the Biodiversity investigation, observation and assessment program of Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China (grant no. 2110404 and 2019-2023), and the Cooperation Project of University and Local Enterprise in Yantai of Shandong Province (grant no. 2021XDRHXMPT09). We sincerely thank Dr Liangliang Qi (Microbiology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences), Dr Junqing Yan (Jiangxi Agriculture University), Mr Binrong Ke (Institute of Edible