Corresponding author: Kazuaki Tanaka (
Academic editor: Huzefa Raja
The genus
Sugita R, Tanaka K (2022)
Molecular information on
The genus
In our ongoing taxonomic study of sordariomycetous fungi in Japan, several new specimens of
All materials were obtained from Japan. Morphological characteristics were observed in preparations mounted in distilled water by differential interference and phase contrast microscopy (Olympus BX53) using images captured with an Olympus digital camera (DP21). All specimens were deposited in the
DNA was extracted from four isolates using the ISOPLANT II kit (Nippon Gene, Tokyo, Japan) following the manufacturer’s instructions. The following loci were amplified and sequenced: the internal transcribed spacer (
Isolates and GenBank accessions of sequences used in the phylogenetic analyses of
Taxon | Isolatea | Statusb | GenBank accession numbersa | Ref.c | ||
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MFLUCC 18-0356 |
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– | – | 47 |
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HSAUP myr9510 |
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– | – | 44 | |
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A70 18 |
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– | – | 3 | |
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CBS 128831 |
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– | 25, 29 | |
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CBS 131685 |
|
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– | 25, 29 | |
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CBS 127884 |
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|
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– | 41 |
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KUMCC 16-0067 |
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|
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45 |
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CBS 127689 |
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|
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– | 38 |
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CBS 121149 |
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– | 18, 38 | |
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CBS 137797 |
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|
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– | 38 |
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CBS 142772 |
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52 |
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AFTOL-ID 967 |
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14 | |
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CBS 115999 |
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8, 27 |
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CBS 649.92 |
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– | 13, 14 | |
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MM-149 |
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43 | |
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MFLUCC 18-0424 |
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57 |
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MFLUCC 17-2117 |
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|
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– | 57 |
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CBS 125234 |
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|
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– | 33 |
PRM 899855 |
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– | – | 33 | ||
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ICMP 18253 |
|
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– | 27 | |
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ICMP 18255 |
|
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– | 27 | |
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SH12 |
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– | – | 20 | |
SMH3767 |
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– | – | 20 | ||
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NRRL 13736 |
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– | – | 1 | |
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MFLUCC 17-1694 |
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48 |
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MFLUCC 16-096 |
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48 |
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UAMH 11085 |
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– | 34, 49 | |
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CBS 142773 |
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52 |
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MFLUCC 15-0962 |
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|
– |
|
45 |
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MFLUCC 15-0976 |
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|
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45 |
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CBS 199.53 |
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2, 14 | |
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SMH2863 |
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– | – | 4 | |
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SMH2753 |
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– | – | 4 | |
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AFTOL-ID 736 |
|
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– | 14 | |
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SMH4605 |
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6, 7, 16 | |
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ICMP 15131 |
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– | 11, 38 |
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CBS 138678 |
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– | – | 49 | |
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HKUM 6520 |
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– | 10 | |
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M 21 |
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– |
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28 | |
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CBS 142740 |
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– |
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37 |
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CBS 109778 |
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2 | |
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JF 13180 |
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|
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– | 41 |
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CBS 100.54 |
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– | – | 17 | |
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CBS 136551 |
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– | – | 30 |
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HKUCC 2983 |
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– | 10 | |
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HKUCC 1959 |
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– | 10 | |
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CBS 158.74 |
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14 | |
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CBS 139.51 |
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16 | |
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AFTOL-ID 748 |
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14 | |
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CBS 145069 |
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– | – | 46 |
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CBS 143166 |
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– | – | 54 |
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CBS 128.86 |
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– | – | 56 |
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M.R. 3064 |
|
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– | 26 | |
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CBS 110156 |
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– | – | 8 |
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AFTOL-ID 766 |
|
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– | 23 | |
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MFLUCC 14-0832A |
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– | – | 51 | |
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TH-544 |
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– | – | 43 | |
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CBS 115329 |
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8, 23, 26 |
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MFLUCC 16-0569 |
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– |
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53 |
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MFLUCC 15-0352 |
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55 |
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CBS 461.65 |
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– | – | 24 | |
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CBS 136427 |
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– | – | 30 |
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CBS 132724 |
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– | 22, 33 | |
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CBS 139024 |
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– | 50 | |
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CBS 132078 |
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|
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– | 41 |
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CBS 723.96 |
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– | 9, 19 | |
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CBS 137794 |
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– | 49 | |
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NN 47497 |
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– | 12 | |
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HKUCC 10836 |
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– | – | 12 | |
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CBS 131711 |
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– |
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36 |
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CBS 490.82 |
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– |
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15 |
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ACCC 38980 |
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– | – | 42 |
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|
This study |
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HKU39 |
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– | – | 36 |
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CBS 146752 |
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– | – | 58 |
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CBS 110031 |
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– |
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36 |
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CBS 131712 |
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– |
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32 |
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|
This study | ||
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This study | |
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This study | |
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CBS 113027 |
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5, 14 | |
CBS 125582 |
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– | – | 56 | ||
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BCC 36737 |
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– | – | 39 | |
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BCC 00018 |
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– | – | 21 | |
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BRIP 60377 |
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– |
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40 | |
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CBS 133167 |
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– | 31 |
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CBS 135996 |
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– | 35 |
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PRA-13611 |
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– | 50 |
a Strains and sequences generated in this study are shown in
Primary analysis of
Isolates and GenBank accessions of sequences used in the phylogenetic analyses of
Taxon | Isolatea | Substrate/Host | Statusb | GenBank accession numbersa | Ref.c | ||
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CBS 131711 | human corneal fluid |
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1, 2 |
UTHSC 06-1465 | shin aspirate |
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2 | ||
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CBS 490.82 | skin lesion |
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2 |
UTHSC R-3447 | human eye |
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2 | ||
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ACCC 38979 | lower stem of |
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4 | |
ACCC 38980 | lower stem of |
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4 | |
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dead twigs of |
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This study |
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HKU39 | the right forearm nodule biopsy of a human |
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3 |
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CBS 146752 | Skin nodule |
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6 |
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CBS 110031 | human keratitis |
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2, 3 |
UTHSC 05-2527 | peritoneal dialysis catheter |
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2 | ||
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CBS 131712 | human toe nail |
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2 |
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dead wood of |
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This study | |
UTHSC 09-3589 | synovial fluid |
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2 | ||
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dead culms of |
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This study | |
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dead twigs of |
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This study | |
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CBS 125582 |
|
– | – | 5 |
a Strains and sequences generated in this study are shown in
Phylogenetic analyses were conducted using maximum-likelihood (
For primary analysis,
Maximum-likelihood tree of
For secondary analysis,
Maximum-likelihood tree of
A new order,
Stromata scattered to grouped. Ascomata perithecial, subglobose to ampulliform. Ostiolar neck cylindrical, periphysate. Paraphyses numerous, unbranched, cylindrical, hyaline. Asci unitunicate, cylindrical, with an apical annulus, pedicellate. Ascospores obovoid to ellipsoid, muriform, hyaline to brown.
Coelomycetous asexual morph: Conidiomata pycnidial, globose to subglobose. Conidiogenous cells phialidic. Conidia ellipsoidal to obovoid, aseptate, hyaline. Hyphomycetous synasexual morph: Colonies effuse or sporodochial. Conidiophores micronematous, mononematous, simple or branched, hyaline, thin-walled. Conidiogenous cells phialidic. Conidia ellipsoidal to allantoid, aseptate, hyaline.
Stromata scattered to grouped, subepidermal to erumpent, yellowish to dark brown, red in KOH or not changing. Ascomata perithecial, subglobose to ampulliform, single to grouped, immersed in stromata to erumpent through host surface. Ascomatal wall composed of several layers of polygonal, dark brown cells. Ostiolar neck cylindrical, short or long, separated or convergent in upper stromata, periphysate. Paraphyses numerous, septate, unbranched, cylindrical, hyaline. Asci unitunicate, cylindrical, broadly rounded at the apex, with a pronounced non-amyloid apical annulus, pedicellate. Ascospores obovoid or ellipsoid, smooth, pale brown to brown, with several transverse and 0–3 longitudinal or oblique septa.
Coelomycetous and/or hyphomycetous morphs formed. Coelomycetous asexual morph: Conidiomata pycnidial, single to grouped, superficial or immersed in stromata, globose to subglobose, composed of polygonal to prismatic cells, often becoming cup-shaped when mature, surrounded by setose hyphae. Conidiomatal wall composed of several layers of polygonal, dark brown cells. Ostiolar neck cylindrical, central, periphysate. Setose hyphae erect, usually unbranched, septate, cylindrical, with slightly pointed or blunt tips, hyaline to pale brown, smooth-walled. Conidiophores hyaline, thin-walled, simple or irregularly branched, with branches bearing a small group of phialides terminally. Phialides swollen at the base, tapering at the tip, hyaline. Conidia obovoid to oblong, with a slightly apiculate base, hyaline, smooth-walled, in slimy masses. Hyphomycetous synasexual morph: Colonies effuse or sporodochial. Conidiophores micronematous, mononematous, hyaline, thin-walled, simple or irregularly branched, with branches bearing a small group of phialides terminally. Phialides swollen at the base, tapering at the tip, hyaline. Adelophialides absent or rarely present. Conidia ellipsoidal to allantoid, with a slightly apiculate base, hyaline, smooth-walled, in slimy head. Chlamydospores absent or rarely present, hyaline to pale brown, thick- and rough-walled.
The newly obtained
We accept both
Japan, Yamaguchi, Nagato, Misumikami, near Kusaritoge, on dead twigs of
The name refers to yellowish stromata.
Stromata scattered to grouped, subepidermal, becoming erumpent to superficial, 0.7–1.4 mm long, 0.4–0.7 mm wide, yellowish to dark brown, red in 2% KOH. Ascomata perithecial, subglobose to ampulliform, mostly 2–6 grouped, 190–240 µm high, 200–220 µm diam., immersed in stromata to erumpent through host surface. Ascomatal wall 15–23 µm thick, composed of 5–8 layers of polygonal, 2.5–7 × 1.5–3.5 µm, dark brown cells. Ostiolar neck central, cylindrical, 80–140 µm long, 55–90 µm wide, periphysate. Paraphyses numerous, septate, unbranched, cylindrical, 50–105 µm long. Asci unitunicate, cylindrical, 62.5–90 × 6.5–10 µm (av. 78.7 × 7.8 µm, n = 30), broadly rounded at the apex, with a pronounced non-amyloid apical annulus, short-stalked (5–17.5 µm long), with 8 ascospores. Ascospores obovoid to ellipsoid, smooth, hyaline to pale brown, with 3 transverse and 0–2 vertical septa, 9.5–14 × 5–7.5 µm (av. 11.3 × 5.8 µm, n = 50), l/w 1.4–2.5 (av. 2.0, n = 50).
Not observed.
Hyphomycetous asexual morph formed. Conidiophores micronematous, mononematous, hyaline, thin-walled, simple or irregularly branched, with branches bearing a group of 2–3 phialides terminally. Phialides swollen at the base, tapering at the tip, hyaline, 3–6 × 1–1.5 µm. Adelophialides rarely present. Conidia ellipsoidal to allantoid, with a slightly apiculate base, hyaline, smooth-walled, 2–7 × 1–2.5 µm (av. 4.1 × 1.6 µm, n = 50). Chlamydospores rarely present, solitary, 3.5–6.5 µm diam., hyaline to pale brown, thick- and rough-walled.
Colonies on
Phylogenetic analyses based on
USA, Nevada, human toe nail, D.A. Sutton, CBS H-20782, living culture CBS 131712 = UTHSC 04–7 = FMR 11070 (not seen).
Stromata scattered to grouped, pulvinate, circular to elliptical in outline, elevated beyond bark surface forming pustules, 0.6–0.7 mm high, 0.9–1.0 mm diam., dark brown to black. Ascomata perithecial, subglobose to ampulliform, 4–8 grouped, 700–780 µm high, 220–280 µm diam., immersed in stromata. Ascomatal wall 17–25 µm thick, composed of 7–10 layers of polygonal, 4–6.5 × 2–4 µm, dark brown cells. Ostiolar neck central, cylindrical, 400–430 µm long, 100–110 µm wide, periphysate. Paraphyses septate, unbranched, cylindrical, 92.5–110 µm long, 3.5–5.5 µm wide. Asci unitunicate, cylindrical, 110–175 × 9–12.5 µm (av. 145.6 × 10.3 µm, n = 15), broadly rounded at the apex, with a pronounced non-amyloid apical annulus, pedicellate (12.5–27.5 µm long), with 8 ascospores. Ascospores fusiform to ellipsoid, smooth, brown, with 3 transverse and 0–2 oblique or vertical septa, 13.5–18 × 6–8 µm (av. 15.5 × 7.3 µm, n = 50), l/w 1.7–2.6 (av. 2.1, n = 50).
Conidiomata pycnidial, globose to subglobose, grouped, 220–300 µm high, 90–150 µm diam., immersed in stromata. Conidiomatal wall 8–18 µm thick, composed of 3–5 layers of polygonal, 3–4.5 × 2.5–4 µm, dark brown cells. Ostiolar neck central, cylindrical, 80–110 µm long, 90–110 µm wide, composed of polygonal cells, periphysate. Conidiophores hyaline, thin-walled, with branches bearing a group of 2–5 phialides terminally. Phialides tapering toward the tip, hyaline, 11–16 × 1–2 µm. Conidia ellipsoidal, with a slightly apiculate base, hyaline, smooth-walled, 3–4.5 × 1–2 µm (av. 3.7 × 1.5 µm, n = 50). Chlamydospores not observed.
Coelomycetous asexual morph: Conidiomata pycnidial, scattered, single to grouped, superficial, globose to subglobose, 180–380 µm high, mostly 80–580 µm diam., up to 1170 µm diam. when grouped, often becoming cup-shaped when mature, surrounded by setose hyphae. Conidiomatal wall composed of polygonal to prismatic, 3–4.5 × 2.5–4 µm, dark brown cells. Setose hyphae erect, usually unbranched, septate, up to 360 µm long, 2–3 µm wide, pale brown. Conidiophores hyaline, thin-walled, simple or irregularly branched, with branches bearing a group of 2–5 phialides terminally. Phialides tapering toward the tip, hyaline, 10–25 × 1–2.5 µm. Conidia ellipsoidal, with a slightly apiculate base, hyaline, smooth-walled, in slimy masses, 3–4.5 × 1–2 µm (av. 3.8 × 1.4 µm, n = 50). Hyphomycetous synasexual morph: Conidiophores micronematous, mononematous, hyaline, simple or rarely branched. Phialides slightly tapering toward the tip, 4–11 × 1–2.5 µm, hyaline. Adelophialide absent. Conidia allantoid, hyaline, smooth-walled, in slimy heads, 3–9 × 1–2.5 µm (av. 6.2 × 1.7 µm, n = 50). Chlamydospores rarely present, solitary, 3.5–6.5 µm diam., hyaline to pale brown, thick- and rough-walled.
Colonies on
Japan, Aomori, Hirakawa, Hirofune, Shigabo Forest Park, on dead twigs of
The conidia from aerial hyphae of strain KT 3803 were larger (3–9 × 1–2.5 µm) in culture than those of the original description of
In
Japan, Shizuoka, Fuji Bamboo Garden, on dead twigs of
Japan, Yamaguchi, Hagi, Akiragi, near Chikurindoro-park, on dead twigs of
Stromata scattered to grouped, subepidermal, becoming erumpent to superficial, 0.5–1.2 mm long, 0.2–0.4 mm wide, dark brown. Ascomata perithecial, subglobose to conical, single to 2–3 grouped, 130–190 µm high, 140–230 µm diam., immersed in stromata to erumpent through host surface. Ascomatal wall 7–15 µm thick, composed of 3–5 layers of polygonal, 3–6.5 × 1–4.5 µm, dark brown cells. Ostiolar neck central, cylindrical, 37–85 µm long, 37–63 µm wide, periphysate. Paraphyses numerous, septate, unbranched, cylindrical, hyaline, 77–103 µm long. Asci unitunicate, cylindrical, 67.5–105 × 7.5–11.5 µm (av. 82.9 × 9.4 µm, n = 60), broadly rounded at the apex, with a pronounced non-amyloid apical annulus, short-stalked (3.5–11.5 µm long), with 8 ascospores. Ascospores ellipsoid to oblong, smooth, pale brown, with 3 transverse and 1–2 vertical septa, 10–15 × 5–9 µm (av. 12.8 × 7.0 µm, n = 60), l/w 1.4–2.4 (av. 1.8, n = 60).
Not observed.
Coelomycetous asexual morph: Conidiomata pycnidial, single to grouped, superficial, globose to subglobose, 100–250 µm high, 170–620 µm diam., composed of polygonal to prismatic, 3.5–7.5 × 2.5–4 µm cells, often becoming cup-shaped when mature, surrounded by setose hyphae. Setose hyphae erect, usually unbranched, septate, up to 225 µm long, 1.5–2.5 µm wide, pale brown. Conidiophores hyaline, thin-walled, simple or irregularly branched, with branches bearing a group of 2–5 phialides terminally. Phialides swollen at the base, tapering at the tip, 7–20 × 1–3 µm, hyaline. Conidia ellipsoidal to obovoid, with a slightly apiculate base, hyaline, smooth-walled, in slimy masses, 2–3.5 × 1–2 µm (av. 2.9 × 1.4 µm, n = 50). Hyphomycetous synasexual morph: Conidiophores micronematous, mononematous, hyaline, thin-walled, simple or irregularly branched, with branches bearing a group of 2–3 phialides terminally. Phialides swollen at the base, tapering at the tip, hyaline, 3–9 × 1–2 µm. Adelophialide absent. Conidia ellipsoidal to allantoid, hyaline, smooth-walled, in slimy heads, 2.5–8 × 1–3 µm (av. 4.3 × 1.6 µm, n = 87). Chlamydospores rarely present, solitary or chained, 4–5.5 µm diam., hyaline to pale brown.
Colonies on
Colony characters of
Japan, Iwate, Morioka, Ueda, Campus of Iwate University, on dead culms of
This species has been described from
We show that the asexual genus
The genus
Synonymising
In
Epitypification of the type species of
We gratefully acknowledge Y. Harada and K. Arayama for their help with the collection of fungal specimens. We thank the curator of YAM, S. Ito, who permitted us to examine type collection. This work was partially supported by grants from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS 19K06802).