Corresponding authors: Bao-Kai Cui (
Academic editor: María P. Martín
Liu S, Xu T-M, Song C-G, Zhao C-L, Wu D-M, Cui B-K (2022) Species diversity, molecular phylogeny and ecological habits of
Previously, species identification of the
The main ecological habits of
Species | Distribution in the world | Distribution in China | Climate zone | Host | Reference |
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Europe (Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Norway, Poland, Russia, Slovakia), East Asia (China) | Guizhou, Hebei | Temperate | Angiosperm ( |
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North America (USA) | Temperate | Angiosperm ( |
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Europe (Finland, Poland, Russia), East Asia (China) | Inner Mongolia | Temperate to boreal | Gymnosperm ( |
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Europe (Russia), East Asia (China, Japan) | Jilin, Sichuan, Yunnan | Cold temperate | Gymnosperm ( |
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East Asia (China) | Yunnan | Temperate | Gymnosperm ( |
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Europe (Finland, Russia), North America (USA) | Temperate | Angiosperm ( |
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Europe (Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, UK) | Common in temperate, rare in south boreal zone | Angiosperm ( |
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Asia (China, Indonesia), Europe (Russia) | Hunan, Jilin, Zhejiang | Warm temperate | Angiosperm ( |
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North America (USA), East Asia (China) | Sichuan, Xizang | Temperate | Angiosperm ( |
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Europe (Estonia, Finland, France, Poland, Russia, Spain, Sweden) | Temperate to Mediterranean mountains | Gymnosperm ( |
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East Asia (China) | Guizhou, Sichuan | North temperate to subtropical | Angiosperm ( |
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East Asia (China), Europe (Russia) | Jilin | Cold temperate mountains | Gymnosperm ( |
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Europe (France) | Temperate | Gymnosperm ( |
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East Asia (China) | Qinghai, Sichuan, Yunnan | Temperate to plateau continental climate | Gymnosperm ( |
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North America (Canada, USA) | Temperate | Angiosperm ( |
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Europe (France) | Mediterranean | Gymnosperm ( |
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East Asia (China) | Chongqin, Jilin, Hainan, Yunnan | Temperate | Angiosperm ( |
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Europe (France, Spain) | Warm temperate to Mediterranean | Angiosperm ( |
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East Asia (China) | Yunnan | subtropical | Angiosperm (undetermined) |
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Oceania (Australia), South America (Argentina) | Temperate marine climate | Angiosperm ( |
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East Asia (China) | Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan | Warm temperate to subtropical | Gymnosperm ( |
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East Asia (China), Europe (Finland, Norway, Poland, Russia), North America (USA) | Qinghai, Jilin, Sichuan, Yunnan | Boreal to temperate | Angiosperm ( |
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East Asia (China), Europe (Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Norway, Russia), North America (Canada, USA) | Jilin | Warm temperate to boreal | Angiosperm ( |
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Europe (Czech Republic, Finland, France, Russia, UK) | Temperate | Angiosperm ( |
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East Asia (China) | Guizhou, Fujian, Yunnan | Warm temperate to subtropical | Angiosperm ( |
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East Asia (China) | Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang | Alpine plateau to subtropical | Angiosperm ( |
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Europe (Finland), North America (Mexico, USA) | Temperate to boreal | Gymnosperm ( |
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East Asia (China) | Sichuan | Subtropical monsoon to Alpine plateau | Gymnosperm ( |
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East Asia (China) | Sichuan, Xizang | Alpine plateau | Gymnosperm ( |
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East Asia (China) | Sichuan | Subtropical monsoon to Alpine plateau | Angiosperm ( |
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Europe (Russia) | Temperate continental climate | Gymnosperm ( |
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The geographical locations of the
The examined specimens were deposited in the herbarium of the Institute of microbiology,
In the text the following abbreviations were used:
A cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (
The
Additional sequences were downloaded from GenBank (Table
Most parsimonious phylogenies were inferred from the combined 2-gene dataset (
MrModeltest 2.3 (
The combined 2-gene (
Maximum likelihood tree illustrating the phylogeny of
The combined 7-gene (
Maximum likelihood tree illustrating the phylogeny of
The phylogenetic trees inferred from
China. Sichuan Province, Jiuzhaigou County, on stump of
Basidiomata annual, pileate, soft and watery, without odour or taste when fresh, becoming corky to fragile and light in weight upon drying. Pileus flabelliform to semicircular, projecting up to 3.2 cm, 5.7 cm wide and 0.9 cm thick at base. Pileal surface ash-grey to light vinaceous grey when fresh, becoming pale mouse-grey to mouse-grey when dry, hirsute; margin acute to slightly obtuse, white with a little blue tint when fresh, olivaceous buff to greyish brown when dry. Pore surface white to cream when fresh, becoming buff to lemon-chrome when dry; sterile margin narrow to almost lacking; pores angular, 5–7 per mm; dissepiments thin, entire to lacerate. Context white to cream, soft corky, up to 6 mm thick. Tubes pale mouse-grey to ash-grey, fragile, up to 4 mm long.
Hyphal system monomitic; generative hyphae with clamp connections,
Generative hyphae hyaline, thin- to slightly thick-walled with a wide lumen, occasionally branched, loosely interwoven, 2.7–6.5 μm in diam.
Generative hyphae hyaline, thin- to slightly thick-walled with a wide lumen, rarely branched, interwoven, 2.2–4.7 μm in diam. Cystidia absent; cystidioles present, fusoid, thin-walled, 12.3–17.8 × 2.2–3.5 μm. Basidia clavate, bearing four sterigmata and a basal clamp connection, 13.2–16.5 × 3.2–5.5 μm; basidioles dominant, in shape similar to basidia, but smaller, 12.6–15.7 × 2.9–5.2 μm.
Basidiomata of
Microscopic structures of
Basidiospores slim allantoid, slightly curved, hyaline, thin- to slightly thick-walled, smooth,
Brown rot.
China. Sichuan Province, Jiuzhaigou County, Jiuzhaigou Nature Reserve, on fallen trunk of
China. Yunnan Province, Yulong County, Laojun Mountain, Jiushijiu Longtan, on fallen trunk of
Basidiomata annual, pileate, corky, without odour or taste when fresh, becoming hard corky to rigid upon drying. Pileus flabelliform, projecting up to 1.6 cm, 3.8 cm wide and 0.6 cm thick at base. Pileal surface tomentose, buff yellow to clay-buff, when fresh, becoming smooth, rugose, olivaceous buff to greyish brown when dry; margin obtuse. Pore surface white to cream when fresh, becoming buff-yellow to pinkish buff when dry; sterile margin narrow to almost lacking; pores angular, 5–8 per mm; dissepiments thin, entire to lacerate. Context cream to buff, hard corky, up to 4 mm thick. Tubes cream to pinkish buff, brittle, up to 5 mm long.
Basidiomata of
Microscopic structures of
Hyphal system monomitic; generative hyphae with clamp connections,
Generative hyphae hyaline, thin- to slightly thick-walled with a wide lumen, rarely branched, loosely interwoven, 2.2–5 μm in diam.
Generative hyphae hyaline, thin- to slightly thick-walled with a wide lumen, occasionally branched, interwoven, 2–4 μm in diam. Cystidia and cystidioles absent. Basidia clavate, bearing four sterigmata and a basal clamp connection, 12.4–14.8 × 3–4.2 μm; basidioles dominant, in shape similar to basidia, but smaller, 11.8–13.9 × 2.6–4 μm.
Basidiospores allantoid to cylindrical, slightly curved, hyaline, thin- to slightly thick-walled, smooth,
Brown rot.
China. Yunnan Province, Yangbi County, Shimenguan Nature Reserve, on fallen trunk of
Basidiomata annual, pileate, soft corky, without odour or taste when fresh, becoming corky to fragile and light in weight upon drying. Pileus shell-shaped, projecting up to 1.7 cm, 2.8 cm wide and 1.2 cm thick at base. Pileal surface velutinate, pale mouse-grey to ash-grey when fresh, becoming smooth, rugose, dark-grey to mouse-grey when dry; margin obtuse. Pore surface white to cream when fresh, becoming cream to pinkish buff when dry; sterile margin narrow to almost lacking; pores round, 4–6 per mm; dissepiments thin, entire to lacerate. Context white to cream, soft corky, up to 5 mm thick. Tubes pale mouse-grey to ash-grey, fragile, up to 6 mm long.
Basidiomata of
Microscopic structures of
Hyphal system monomitic; generative hyphae with clamp connections,
Generative hyphae hyaline, slightly thick-walled with a wide lumen, rarely branched, loosely interwoven, 2.5–6.4 μm in diam.
Generative hyphae hyaline, slightly thick-walled with a wide lumen, occasionally branched, interwoven, 2–4.2 μm in diam. Cystidia and cystidioles absent. Basidia clavate, bearing four sterigmata and a basal clamp connection, 13.6–17.8 × 3–5.5 μm; basidioles dominant, in shape similar to basidia, but smaller, 12.8–17.2 × 2.4–5.2 μm.
Basidiospores allantoid to cylindrical, slightly curved, hyaline, thin- to slightly thick-walled, smooth,
Brown rot.
China, Yunnan Province, Xichou County, Xiaoqiaogou Nature Reserve, on fallen angiosperm trunk, 14.I.2019, Zhao 10833 (
China. Yunnan Province, Lanping County, Tongdian Town, Luoguqing, on fallen trunk of
Basidiomata annual, pileate, soft corky, without odour or taste when fresh, becoming corky to fragile and light in weight upon drying. Pileus flabelliform, projecting up to 1.3 cm, 3.2 cm wide and 0.5 cm thick at base. Pileal surface velutinate, cream to pinkish buff with a little blue tint when fresh, becoming glabrous, light vinaceous grey to pale mouse-grey when dry; margin acute. Pore surface white to cream when fresh, becoming pinkish buff to buff when dry; sterile margin narrow to almost lacking; pores round, 6–8 per mm; dissepiments thin, entire to lacerate. Context cream to buff, soft corky, up to 0.8 mm thick. Tubes pale mouse-grey to buff, fragile, up to 4.3 mm long.
Basidiomata of
Microscopic structures of
Hyphal system monomitic; generative hyphae with clamp connections,
Generative hyphae hyaline, thin- to slightly thick-walled with a wide lumen, occasionally branched, loosely interwoven, 2.3–5.5 μm in diam.
Generative hyphae hyaline, thin- to slightly thick-walled with a wide lumen, occasionally branched, interwoven, 2–4 μm in diam. Cystidia absent; cystidioles present, fusoid, thin-walled, 9.5–14.6 × 2.8–3.4 μm. Basidia clavate, bearing four sterigmata and a basal clamp connection, 11.7–16.8 × 3.4–4.3 μm; basidioles dominant, in shape similar to basidia, but smaller, 10.6–14.7 × 2.9–3.6 μm.
Basidiospores allantoid, slightly curved, hyaline, thin- to slightly thick-walled, smooth,
Brown rot.
China. Yunnan Province, Yuxi, Xinping County, Mopanshan National Forest Park, on angiosperm stump, 16.I.2017, Zhao 813 (
In the current phylogenetic analyses based on the combined datasets of
A list of species, specimens, and GenBank accession number of sequences used for phylogenetic analyses in this study.
Species | Sample no. | Locality | GenBank accessions | References | ||||||
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Cui 13739 (holotype) | China |
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Cui 10043 | China |
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HHB-13400 | United States |
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OKM-4418 | United States |
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Dai 7465 | Luxembourg |
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Cui 9743 | China |
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Cui 10018 | China |
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Cui 10028 | China |
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Petr Vampola 12.10.1995 (holotype) | Slovakia |
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Cui 7185 | China |
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Dai 14845 | Poland |
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Viacheslav Spirin 8327 (holotype) | United States |
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Cui 13518 | China |
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Cui 13519 | China |
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Tuomo Niemelä 8310 (holotype) | Finland |
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Viacheslav Spirin 6402 (holotype) | Russia |
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Cui 17534 | China | Present study | |||||||
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Cui 16277 | China | Present study | |||||||
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Cui 16976 | China |
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Cui 16985 (holotype) | China |
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Viacheslav Spirin 4199 | Russia |
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Otto Miettinen 16976 (holotype) | United States |
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Gerhard Schuster 51 (neotype) | Germany |
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Otto Miettinen 14156 | Finland |
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Cui 18630 | France | Present study | |||||||
K 32713 | United Kingdom |
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K 32425 | United Kingdom |
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Otto Miettinen 12214 | Indonesia |
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Dai 19220 | China |
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Otto Miettinen 14755,1 (holotype) | United States |
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Otto Miettinen 13602 (holotype) | Finland |
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Otto Miettinen 15919,2 | Spain |
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Cui 18547 | China |
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Cui 18562 (holotype) | China |
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Cui 10775 | China |
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Dai 15036 (holotype) | China |
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Viacheslav Spirin 5317 | Russia |
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Viacheslav Spirin 6580 (holotype) | Russia |
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Bernard Rivoire 6658 | France |
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Cui 17083 (holotype) | China |
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Cui 17343 | China | Present study | |||||||
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Cui 17342 | China | Present study | |||||||
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Viacheslav Spirin 8728 | United States |
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Otto Miettinen 17177 (holotype) | United States |
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Bernard Rivoire 2605 | France |
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Dai 21105 | China | Present study | |||||||
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Cui 16983 | China |
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Otto Miettinen 10634 (holotype) | China |
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LY BR 4274 | France |
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Cui 11014 (holotype) | China |
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Dai 11717 | China |
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Cui 16697 (holotype) | Australia |
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Dai 18765 | Australia |
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Cui 10626 (holotype) | China |
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Cui 12158 | China |
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Otto Miettinen 17043 (holotype) | United States |
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Cui 17087a | China |
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Dai 18934 | China | Present study | |||||||
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Cui 17557 | China | Present study | |||||||
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Cui 17032 (holotype) | China |
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Otto Miettinen 20422 | Finland |
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Tuomo Niemelä 8846 (holotype) | Finland |
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Josef Vlasák 0110/24 | Czech Republic |
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Alix David 652 (isotype) | France |
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Cui 11330 | China |
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Dai 14892 (holotype) | China |
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Cui 16306 | China |
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Cui 18156 (holotype) | China |
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Cui 18046 (holotype) | China |
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Zhao 10833 | China |
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Viacheslav Spirin 8774a | United States |
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Reijo Penttilä 14376 | Finland |
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Cui 16280 (holotype) | China |
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Zhao 813 | China |
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Cui 10788 (holotype) | China |
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Dai 12974 | China |
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Cui 12233 (holotype) | China |
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Cui 10790 | China |
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Cui 10778 | China |
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Dai 12897 (holotype) | China |
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Heikki Kotiranta 27606 | Russia |
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Heikki Kotiranta 27454 (holotype) | Russia |
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Cui 2658 | China |
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LY BR 3703 | France |
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Cui 10034 | China |
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Dai 13411 (holotype) | China |
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JV 0610-8 | Czech |
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Dai 2652 | China |
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Cui 9599 | China |
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X 3232 | Russia |
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Spinosa 10 X 2014 | United States |
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X 3241 | Russia |
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TN-6645 | Finland |
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Cui 9870 | China |
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Cui 10074 | China |
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Dai 7105 | China |
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Dai 903 (holotype) | China |
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Cui 11237 (holotype) | China |
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Cui 12141 | China |
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Cui 9585 | China |
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Cui 10802 (holotype) | China |
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Shen et al. 2015 | ||
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Cui 9597 (holotype) | China |
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Dai 12610 | Finland |
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Cui 10401 | China |
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Cui 10292 | China |
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Dai 13887 | China |
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*Newly generated sequences for this study. New species are shown in bold.
In the phylogenetic trees,
Phylogenetically,
Phylogenetically,
The natural distribution of plant-associated fungi across broad geographic ranges is determined by a combination of the distributions of suitable hosts and environmental conditions (
In the current study, 77 samples of
In summary, we performed a comprehensive study on the species diversity and phylogeny of
We express our gratitude to the curators of herbaria of