Corresponding authors: Zhu L. Yang (
Academic editor: Olivier Raspé
Huang C, Zhang M, Wu X-L, Wu G, Xu J-P, Yang ZL, Li Y-C (2021) Cyanescent
The genus,
In this study, we used both morphological data and molecular sequences from the nuclear ribosomal large subunit (
The collections of cyanescent species in
Genomic DNA was extracted from 100 mg of silica-gel dried samples or herbarium materials using the modified CTAB method (
The phylogenetic analyses were based on three fragments (
The combined dataset was partitioned into four partitions (
A tabulation of specimens used for molecular phylogenetic analyses in the present study. Sequences newly generated in this study are indicated in bold.
Species | Voucher | Locality | GenBank Accession No. | ||
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|
LSU |
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|||
“ |
REH9700A | Australia | – | – |
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LI1478-Strain1 | China |
|
|
|
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LI1478-Strain2 | China |
|
|
|
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AH45842 | Spain |
|
|
– |
|
AH45814 | Spain |
|
|
– |
|
REH9501 | Australia | – | – |
|
|
REH9559 | Australia | – | – |
|
|
ACM1136 | Brazil |
|
|
– |
|
ACM1144 | Brazil |
|
|
– |
“ |
REH9700 | Australia | – | – |
|
|
GDGM74638 | China |
|
|
– |
|
WU2644 | China |
|
|
|
|
OR482 | China | – | – |
|
|
AH45841 | Spain |
|
|
– |
|
AH45844 | Spain |
|
|
– |
|
MCVE17184 (epitype) | Italy |
|
– | – |
|
2837 | Canada |
|
– | – |
|
MCVE:28580 | Italy |
|
|
– |
|
MB05-04 | USA | – |
|
– |
|
MG639a | Italy | – | – |
|
“ |
REH9970 | USA | – | – |
|
“ |
ND11 | USA | – | – |
|
“ |
KH-JPN15-0733 | Japan | – | – |
|
“ |
KH-JPN15-0745 | Japan | – | – |
|
“ |
NY1782681 | South Korea | – | – |
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|
WXL1182 | China |
|
|
|
|
WXL1187 | China |
|
|
– |
|
REH9673 | Australia | – | – |
|
|
MCVE28582 (epitype) | Italy |
|
|
– |
|
REH8799 | Thailand |
|
|
|
|
EN99-67 | Japan | – | – |
|
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REH8821 (holotype) | Australia |
|
|
|
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REH8819 | Australia | – |
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– |
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E8164 | Australia | – | – |
|
|
REH8804 | Thailand |
|
|
– |
|
KD 16-002 | India |
|
|
– |
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ARB1309 | USA | – | – |
|
|
AH55729 (holotype) | Spain |
|
|
– |
|
AH45840 | Spain |
|
|
– |
|
AH45848 | Spain |
|
|
– |
|
AH39364 (holotype) | Spain |
|
|
|
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PRL3737 | USA |
|
|
– |
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ND13 | Australia | – | – |
|
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OKM23719 | Australia | – |
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– |
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BUF-Both3525 | USA | – | – |
|
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PBM2208 | – | – |
|
– |
|
INPA 272127 | – |
|
– | |
|
ZLR46 | China |
|
|
– |
In this study, sixteen new sequences of
Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic tree of
The phylogenetic analysis of
Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic tree of
The epithet
China. Yunnan Province: Deqin, Shangri-La County, Haba Snow Mountain, Yang Fang, alt. 3800 m, 14 Aug 2008, Y.C. Li 1478 (
This species differs from other cyanescent species of
Microscopic features of
Pileus 3–6 cm in diam., sub-hemispherical to convex or plano-convex, ivory yellow (4B3) to greyish-yellow (2B3–4) when young, grey-orange (5B5) to brownish-yellow (5C6–7) when mature; surface dry, densely covered with concolorous appressed scaly to floccose squamules, margin always incurved and slightly extended; context whitish (1A1), staining cerulean blue (23C6–7) to dull blue (23E5–6) when bruised. Hymenophore adnate when young, slightly depressed around apex of stipe when mature; surface white (1A1) when young and then cream to yellowish when mature, staining dull blue (23E5–6) when bruised; pores angular to roundish, fine, 2–3 per mm; tubes 3–8 mm long, whitish (1A1), staining dull blue when bruised. Stipe 6–8 × 1.8–2 cm, sub-cylindrical to clavate, white (2A1) when young, yellowish-white (2A2) to concolorous with pileal surface when mature; surface roughened, staining dull blue when bruised; context white to cream or yellowish, spongy when young and then hollow in age, staining cerulean blue to dull blue when bruised. Odour indistinct and taste mild.
Basidia 35–55 × 7–12 µm, clavate, 4-spored, hyaline in potassium hydroxide (KOH) and yellowish in Melzer’s Reagent. Basidiospores [60/3/2] (6.5) 7–10 × 5.5–7.5 (8.5) µm, [Q = 1–1.65 (1.72), Qm = 1.27 ± 0.23], smooth, ellipsoid to somewhat broadly ellipsoid, yellowish in KOH and primrose yellow in Melzer’s Reagent. Cheilocystidia 30–60 × 8–14 μm, clavate to subfusiform, thin-walled, hyaline in KOH and yellowish to yellow in Melzer’s Reagent; Pleurocystidia not observed. Tube trama composed of 6–11 μm wide interwoven hyphae, hyaline to yellowish in KOH, yellowish to brownish-yellow in Melzer’s Reagent. Squamules on pileus composed of 10–17 μm wide interwoven hyphae, hyaline to yellowish in KOH, yellowish to brownish-yellow in Melzer’s Reagent; terminal cells 80–120 × 12–17 μm, clavate to subcylindrical. Clamp connections frequently present in all tissues.
China. Yunnan Province: Deqin, Shangri-La County, Baima Snow Mountain, alt. 3700 m, 11 Jul 1981, L.S. Wang 827 (
Scattered on soil in alpine mixed forests dominated by
In our analysis of the
Pileus 6–9 cm in diam., hemispherical to sub-hemispherical when young, applanate to plano-convex when mature, dark brown (7E5–6) to brown (6E7–8) when young and brown to light red-brown (8E5–6) when mature; surface covered with concolorous floccose-scaly to coarsely tomentose squamules, always cracked with olivaceous yellow (2D5–6) background exposed when mature or aged, margin always extended; context white (1A1), staining cerulean blue (23C6–7) or greenish-blue (24B6–7) to dark blue (23F7–8) or deep blue (22E6–8) when bruised. Hymenophore adnate to obviously depressed around apex of stipe; surface yellowish (29B3) to pale yellow (30B3) when young and then greenish-yellow (29B5–6) when mature or aged, staining cerulean blue to greenish-blue when bruised; pores angular to roundish, 1–2 per mm; tubes 3–9 mm long, concolorous with hymenophoral surface, staining cerulean blue to greenish-blue when bruised. Stipe 4.5–6 × 1–2 cm, subcylindrical to clavate, concolorous with pileal surface when mature, but much paler when young; surface covered with tomentose to fibrillose squamules; context white to cream, spongy then hollow when mature, staining cerulean blue to greenish-blue or dark blue to deep blue when bruised. Odour and taste indistinct.
Microscopic features of
Basidia 22–32 × 8–11 µm, clavate, 4-spored, hyaline in KOH, yellowish in Melzer’s Reagent. Basidiospores [60/3/2] (8) 8.5–10 × 5–6 µm, (Q = 1.42 – 1.90, Qm = 1.62 ± 0.11) ellipsoid, smooth, hyaline to yellowish in KOH and primrose yellow to yellowish-brown in Melzer’s Reagent. Cheilocystidia 27–44 × 9–12 μm, clavate to subfusiform, thin-walled, hyaline in KOH and yellowish in Melzer’s Reagent. Pleurocystidia not observed. Tube trama composed of 8–10 μm wide interwoven hyphae, hyaline in KOH, yellowish in Melzer’s Reagent. Squamules on pileus composed of 7–10 μm wide interwoven hyphae, hyaline to yellowish in KOH, yellowish to brownish-yellow in Melzer’s Reagent; terminal cells 80–180 × 8–10 μm, clavate to subcylindrical. Clamp connections frequently present in all tissues.
China. Yunnan Province: Wenshan County, Malipo Village, alt. 1200 m, 14 Oct 2017, Wu 2644 (
Scattered on soil in tropical forests dominated by
In China,
The epithet
Microscopic features of
China. Guizhou Province: Pan County, alt. 1700 m, 2 Jul 2008, X.L. Wu 1182 (
Differs from other cyanescent species in
Pileus 6–10 cm in diam., hemispherical to sub-hemispherical when young, applanate to plano-convex when mature, flavous (3B3–4) to dull yellow or grey-yellow (2B4–5) when young, grey-orange (5B4–5) to greyish-orange (5B3–4) when mature; surface dry, nearly glabrous or somewhat fibrillose to finely tomentose, margin incurved and slightly extended; context whitish (1A1), staining strong dark blue or indigo-blue (24D4–8) when bruised. Hymenophore adnate when young, depressed around apex of stipe when mature; surface white (1A1) when young and then grey (1B1) to cream when mature, staining cyanine blue (24D4–6) to porcelain blue (23C5–6) when bruised; pores angular to roundish, 1–2 per mm; tubes 4–10 mm long, whitish (1A1), staining cyanine blue to porcelain blue when bruised. Stipe 4–6 × 2.5–4 cm, clavate, enlarged downwards; surface roughened, white to cream when young and then pale yellow (2A3–5) to concolorous with pileal surface when mature or aged; context white to cream or yellowish, spongy when young and then hollow in age, staining cyanine blue to porcelain blue when bruised. Odour indistinct and taste mild.
Basidia 21–30 × 9–11 µm, clavate, hyaline in KOH and yellowish in Melzer’s Reagent, 4-spored. Basidiospores [60/3/2] 8–10 × (5) 5.5–6.5 µm, (Q = 1.45–1.81, Qm = 1.59 ± 0.12), smooth, ellipsoid to somewhat broadly ellipsoid, hyaline to yellowish in KOH and primrose yellow to yellow in Melzer’s Reagent. Cheilocystidia 26–35 × 5–9 μm, clavate to subfusiform, thin-walled, hyaline in KOH and yellowish to yellow in Melzer’s Reagent. Pleurocystidia not observed. Tube trama composed of 5–9 μm wide interwoven hyphae, hyaline to yellowish in KOH, yellowish to brownish-yellow in Melzer’s Reagent. Squamules on pileus composed of 8–17 μm wide interwoven hyphae, hyaline to yellowish in KOH, yellowish to brownish-yellow in Melzer’s Reagent; terminal cells 90–140 × 9–17 μm, clavate to subcylindrical. Clamp connections frequently present in all tissues.
China. Guizhou Province: Pan County, alt. 1700 m, 2 Jul 2008, X.L. Wu 1187 (
Scattered on soil in the tropical forests dominated by
In this study, three cyanescent species of
1 | Pileus dark brown, brown to light red-brown, without any yellow or orange tinge; squamules on pileus composed of 7–10 μm wide interwoven hyphae |
|
– | Pileus ivory yellow to greyish-yellow or flavous to grey-yellow and then grey-orange to brownish-yellow, without brown tinge; squamules on pileus composed of broad interwoven hyphae up to 17 μm wide |
|
2 | Basidioma distributed in alpine mixed forests dominated by |
|
– | Basidioma distributed in tropical forests dominated by |
|
Cyanescent
Sixteen cyanescent
The authors are grateful to Prof. Tai-Hui Li (Guangdong Institute of Microbiology) for his kind assistance in the identification of the species in this genus. The project was supported by the International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (151853KYSB20170026), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 32070024, 31750001, 31872618), the Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province (2018FB027), the Ten Thousand Talents Program of Yunnan (YNWR-QNBJ-2018-125), the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, CAS (QYZDY-SSW-SMC029), the Biodiversity Survey and Assessment Project of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, China (2019HJ2096001006) and the Science and Technology Project of Guangdong Province (2019B121202005).