Corresponding authors: Tolgor Bau (
Academic editor: Alfredo Vizzini
Based on traditional morphological and phylogenetic analyses (ITS, LSU,
Bau T, Yan J-Q (2021) A new genus and four new species in the /Psathyrella s.l. clade from China. MycoKeys 80: 115–131.
As a part of the study of Chinese psathyrelloid species, four new species were discovered, during our investigations in temperate and subtropical regions of China from 2016–2019. Among them was a new species morphologically similar to
Macroscopic characteristics of fresh specimens were recorded. Colour codes followed
DNA was extracted from dried specimens with the NuClean Plant Genomic DNA kit (
ITS1+5.8S+ITS2 sequences of four new species were tested with BLAST in GenBank, species sharing over 95% similarity are selected. Based on the BLAST results, morphological similarities and then compared to the research of
Sequences used in this study. Newly generated sequences are in bold.
Taxon | Voucher | Locality | ITS | LSU | β- |
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LO141-08 type | Sweden |
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– |
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SZMC-NL-2337 |
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– |
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LÖ172-08 | Sweden |
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SZMC-NL-1101 | Sweden |
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Ramsholm800927 | Finland |
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– | – |
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WK 8/15/63-5 (MICH) Type | USA |
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– | – |
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LÖ191-92 | Sweden |
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– | – |
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Laessoe44835 | Ecuador |
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– | – | – |
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E. Nagasawa 9740 |
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– | – | |
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HMJAU37802 Type | China:Jilin |
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HMJAU37803 | China:Jilin |
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– |
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HMJAU37912 | China:Jilin |
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– |
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LAS97-054 | Sweden |
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– | – |
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LÖ223-90 | Sweden |
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Smith58673 (MICH) Type | USA |
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– | – |
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HMJAU37952 Type | China:Sichuan |
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HMJAU57044 | China:Sichuan |
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– | – | – |
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GE02.007 (PC) Type | France |
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– | – |
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ZT12073 | NewZealand |
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– |
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LÖ210-85 (M) Type | Sweden |
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– |
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HMJAU37918 | China:Heilongjiang |
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LÖ484-05 Type | Sweden |
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LÖ95-96 | Sweden |
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LÖ287-04 | Sweden |
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– |
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LÖ103-98 | Sweden |
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– |
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LÖ83-03 Neotype | Sweden |
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– |
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HMJAU37936 | China:Yunnan |
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– |
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DED 8234 Type | SãoTomé |
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– | – | – |
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LÖ32-02 | Sweden |
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LÖ44-03 | Sweden |
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HMJAU23696 | China:Jilin |
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– |
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HMJAU6830 | China:Jilin |
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– | – |
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LO259-91 Neotype | Sweden |
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– |
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HMJAU37922 | China:Heilongjiang |
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LÖ162-02 | Germany |
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HMJAU37923 Type | China:Yunnan |
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– |
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LÖ97-04 | Sweden |
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HMJAU37850 | China:Jilin |
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LÖ373-06 Type | Sweden |
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HMJUA 37935 | China:Shanxi |
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– |
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LÖ204-96 | Sweden |
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– |
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Smith34091 (MICH) Type | USA |
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– | – |
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HMJAU4450 | China:InnerMongolia |
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– | – |
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LÖ115-02 | Germany |
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– |
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HMJAU37947 Type | China:Zhejiang |
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HMJAU57045 | China:Zhejiang |
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– | – | – |
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Smith70162 (MICH) Type | USA |
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– | – |
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Schumacher024 | Germany |
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– |
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Barta980706 Type | Austria |
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– | – |
Outgroup | ||||||
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CBM-FB-24142 Type | Japan |
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– | – | – |
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JV06-179 Type | Denmark |
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– |
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AH27055 Type | Spain |
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– |
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AM1240 Type | Germany |
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Smith34903 (MICH) Type | USA |
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– | – |
The aligned complete dataset consisted of 54 taxa and 2606 characters (ITS 711 bp, LSU 829 bp, Tef 1st 69 bp, Tef 2nd 136 bp, Tef 3rd 497 bp, Tub 1st 125 bp, and Tub 2nd 239 bp). Due to the different number of models supported by Mrbayes and IQtree, the best models are calculated separately, and the results are as follows: the best models for Bayesian analysis were GTR+I+G for the ITS, LSU, Tef 3rd, and Tub 2nd, HKY+I for Tef 1st, SYM+G for Tef 2nd, and SYM+I+G for Tub 1st; the best models for
For Bayes analysis, the average standard deviation of split frequencies less than 0.01 after 610 thousand generations. The Bayesian inference (
Phylogram generated by Bayesian inference (
Pileus hygrophanous, tawny to brown, non-deliquescent. Veil present. Lamellae adnexed. Stipe central, hollow. Basidiospores ellipsoid to subellipsoid, smooth, brown in 5% KOH, pale mouse grey in H2SO4. Hymenium hyaline. Basidia monomorphic. Pseudoparaphyses abundant and regularly distributed. Pleurocystidia and cheilocystidia present. Pileipellis composed of saccate to subglobose cells covered by a 1 cell deep layer of periclinal hyphae which are covered by scattered and irregular deposits dissolving in 5% KOH.
China. Changbai Mountain, Antu County, Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, Jun-Qing Yan, Herbarium of Mycology, Jilin Agricultural University (HMJAU37802).
Differs from
Pileus 35–70 mm broad, obtusely conic when young, expanding to plane, with a small obtuse umbo, hygrophanous, tawny to brown (7C6–7D7), darker at center (7E7), striate up to 2/3 from margin, becoming dirty white as pileus dries (7A1–7B2). Veil scattered, small, white (7A1), fibrillose, evanescent. Context hygrophanous, thin and fragile, approximately 1.0–1.5 mm at the centre. Lamellae 3.0–6.0 mm broad, crowded, adnexed, dirty white (7A1–7B2), becoming pale brown to brown (7E7–7F7) as spores mature, edge white (7A1) and even. Stipe 35–100 mm long, 5.0–15 mm thick, white (7A1), cylindrical, gradually thickening towards base, fragile, hollow, but context thick, surface uneven, with small grainy bulb, covered with small, white, evanescent fibrils. Odour and taste indistinctive. Spore print grey brown (7E3–7E4).
Basidiomata
Spores 7.8–9.2 × 4.9–5.4 μm, Q = 1.6–1.8, elongated-ellipsoid in face view, in profile flattened on one side, pale brown in water, darker brown in 5% KOH, smooth, with or without 1–2 guttules, germ pore indistinct, approximately 1.0 μm in diam. Basidia 26–34 × 7.3–9.8 μm, clavate, hyaline, 4- or 2-spored. Pseudoparaphyses abundant and regular distribution. Pleurocystidia 59–83 × 12–20 μm, abundant, utriform with broadly obtuse apex, slightly thick-walled, glabrous or covered by irregular deposits, base tapering to a long stipe. Cheilocystidia 37–56 × 9.8–17 μm, utriform to fusoid with obtuse apex, base tapering to a short stipe. Caulocystidia 29–61 × 12–22 μm, caespitose, various, utriform, fusoid or utriform with abrupt narrow neck terminating in a capitellum, base tapering to a long or short stipe. Trama of gills irregular. Pileipellis a 1–2-cell-deep layer of vesiculose cells, up to 61 μm long, covered by a 1-cell-deep layer of periclinal hyphae which are approximately 3.6 μm in diam and covered by scattered and irregular deposition dissolving in 5% KOH. Clamps present.
Scattered on mossy rotten wood in mixed forests of larch and birch.
China. Changbai Mountain, Antu County, Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, Jun-Qing Yan, 16 July 2016, HMJAU37803; 28 July 2017, HMJAU37912.
Referring to the spore shape.
China. Scenic Spot of Kangding Love Song (Mugecuo), Kangding City, Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Garzê, Sichuan Province,
Differs from
Pileus 15–25 mm broad, paraboloid, hygrophanous, chestnut (8F6–8F7), becoming dirty white (8A1–8B1) as pileus dries. Veil not observed. Context approximately 2.0 mm at the centre, fragile, concolorous with pileus. Lamellae 4.0 mm, light brown (8D3–8D5), edges white (8A1), even. Stipes 45–60 mm long, 2.5–3.0 mm thick, fragile, hollow, cylindrical, equal or slightly expanded at base, dirty white (8A1–8B1). Odour and taste indistinctive.
Spores 8.8–9.7 × 4.9–5.8 μm, Q = 1.5–1.9, ovoid in front view, amygdaliform in profile, reddish brown in water, dark brown and gradually becoming black-brown in 5% KOH, inamyloid, smooth, germ pore absent. Basidia 17–20 × 7.3–9.8 μm, clavate, hyaline, 4-spored. Pleurocystidia abundant, 44–68 × 9.8–13 μm, fusiform to narrowly utriform, thin-walled, apex obtuse to subacute, rarely subcapitate. Pleurocystidioid cheilocystidia abundant, 22–32 × 7.3–12 μm, fusiform to utriform, short mucronate or obtuse at apex, rarely mixed with pyriform cells. Trama of gills irregular. Pileipellis consisting of a 1–2-cell-deep layer of subglobose cells that were 30–40 μm broad. Clamps present.
Scattered on mosses in mixed forests of
China. Scenic Spot of Kangding Love Song (Mugecuo), Kangding City, Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Garzê, Sichuan Province, 22 August 2017, Jun-Qing Yan, HMJAU57044.
Reference to its characteristics similar to
China. Kunming Institute of Botany, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, 9 September 2017, Herbarium of Mycology, Jilin Agricultural University (HMJAU37923).
Differs from
Pileus 50–60 mm broad, plane, hygrophanous, brown (7C7–7D7) at centre, pale (6B6–6B7) at margin, smooth, striations indistinct at margin. Context thin and fragile, approximately 2.0 mm at the centre, same colour as pileus. Lamellae approximately 4.0 mm, very closed, pale coffee (6C5–6D5), edges paler and even (6B4). Stipe 5.5 mm long, 5.0 mm thick, fragile, cylindrical, hollow, slightly thickened towards base, white (6A1) at apex, base slightly brown, with white evanescent squama. Ring present at 1/3 from stipe apex.
Spores 5.6–6.3 × 3.1–4.4 μm, Q = 1.3–1.9, ellipsoid to oblong-ellipsoid, in profile flattened on one side, pale brown in water, dirty brown in 5% KOH, inamyloid, smooth, germ pore distinct, truncate, 1.1–1.9 μm broad. Basidia 15–18 × 4.9–6.1 μm, clavate, hyaline, 4- or 2-spored. Pleurocystidia 39–54 × 11–15 μm, abundant, utriform to narrowly utriform, or lageniform, rarely fusiform, thick-walled or thin-walled, apex obtuse or broadly obtuse, covered by yellow amorphous incrustation, dissolving in 5% KOH. Cheilocystidia scattered, 24–37 × 9.8–15 μm, utriform, thick-walled or thin-walled, apex obtuse or broadly obtuse, mixed with subglobose to spheropedunculate cells, cells 11–16 × 9.8–14 μm, slightly thick-walled or not. Trama of gills irregular. Pileipellis consisting of a 2–3-cell-deep layer of subglobose cells 34–40 μm broad. Clamps present.
Solitary on moss.
Referring to the truncate spore.
China. Wulingken, Baishanzhu, Qingyuan County, Lishui City, Zhejiang Province, Tolgor Bau, Jun-Qing Yan, 16 August 2015, Herbarium of Mycology, Jilin Agricultural University (HMJAU37947).
Differs from
Pileus 8.0–13 mm broad, spreading broadly conical to plane, hygrophanous, pale brown (7C6–7D7), white (7A1–7B1) at margin, striate up to 2/3 from margin. Veil of a thin coating of white to dirty white (7A1–7B1) fibrils, evanescent. Context thin and very fragile, same colour as pileus, approximately 1.0 mm at centre. Lamellae approximately 1.5 mm broad, pale brown (7B4–7C4), close, adnate, margin even. Stipes 10–25 mm long, approximately 1.5 mm thick, white (7A1), fragile, hollow, smooth but irregularly lumpy, with the base slightly expanding or not. Odour and taste indistinctive.
Spores (5.8)6.8–7.8(8.3) × 4.4–4.9 μm, Q=1.2–1.8, broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid, in profile flattened on one side, inamyloid, smooth, apex obviously truncate, germ pore distinct, 1.5–2.4 μm broad. Basidia 13–17 × 6.1–7.3 μm, clavate, 4-spored. Pleurocystidia 37–49 × 12–16 μm, utriform to broadly utriform, with obtuse to broad apex, base tapering to a long or short stipe, thin-walled. Cheilocystidia 19–31 × 7.3–12 μm, abundant, similar to pleurocystidia, rarely spheropedunculate, rarely with crystals. Trama of gills irregular. Pileipellis a hymeniderm with 29–39 μm broad cells. Clamps present.
Scattered, terrestrial, in bamboo forest.
China. Wulingken, Baishanzhu, Qingyuan County, Lishui City, Zhejiang Province, Tolgor Bau, Jun-Qing Yan, 18 August 2015, HMJAU57045.
The species in the family
A summary of morphological characteristics used to discriminate the ten genera.
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subglobose cells, hyphae, or absent | hyphae, subglobose cells, or mixtures | hyphae |
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absent | hyphae | hyphae | absent | hyphae, rarely subglobose cells | hyphae |
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fully, partilly, or non-deliquescent | deliquescent, rarely non-deliquescent | non-deliquescent |
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non-deliquescent | non-deliquescent | non-deliquescent | non-deliquescent, or collapsing | non-deliquescent | non-deliquescent |
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smooth, rarely warty | smooth, rarely warty or with myxosporium | smooth |
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smooth | smooth | often warty | smooth | smooth, rarely granulose or with myxosporium | smooth |
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mono-, di-, tri-, or tetramorphic | Dimorphic | monomorphic |
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monomorphic | monomorphic | mono- to dimorphic | di- to trimorphic | monomorphic | monomorphic |
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present | present, rarely absent | absent |
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absent | absent | absent | present | rarely present | absent |
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hymeniderm to paraderm | Cutis | paraderm |
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hymeniderm to paraderm | hymeniderm to |
hymeniderm | hymeniderm | hymeniderm, paraderm, rarely cutis | hymeniderm to paraderm |
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often present | Absent | absent |
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simple hairs sometimes |
absent | absent | absent | very rarely present | absent |
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sometimes present | Absent | absent |
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absent | absent | absent | absent | absent | absent |
For several of the already formally described and circumscribed clades within
The species in the /
The morphological boundary of the /
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32070010 and 31960008) and Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation (20202BABL213041). Sincere thanks to the anonymous reviewers of this manuscript.
Figure S1. Photographs under the microscope
images
Figure S2. Phylogram generated by maximum likelihood (
phylogenetic
Phylogram generated by maximum likelihood (