RAxML phylogram obtained from SSU sequences of isolates and type and reference strains included in the Melanosporales, and strains belonging to the orders Chaetosphaeriales, Coniochaetales, Coronophorales, Hypocreales, Microascales, Sordariales and Xylariales. Thelebolus ellipsoideus was used as outgroup. RAxML bootstrap support (BS) values above 70 % and Bayesian posterior probability scores above 0.95 are shown at the nodes. Type strains of the different species are indicated with ^T.

RAxML phylogram obtained from the combined ITS, LSU, act and tef1 sequences of our isolates and type and reference strains of the order Melanosporales. Nectria cinnabarina and Pseudallescheria fusoidea were used as outgroup. RAxML bootstrap support (BS) values above 70 % and Bayesian posterior probability scores above 0.95 are shown at the nodes. GenBank accession numbers are indicated in Table 1. Type strains of the different species are indicated with ^T.

Echinusitheca citrispora (CBS 137837^T). A Ascomata B Asci C, D Ascospores E Depressed germ pore. Scale bars: 50 μm (A); 10 μm (B); 5 μm (C, D); 1 μm (E).

Morphological features of the genus Melanospora. Melanospora damnosa (CBS 113681). A Ascoma B Ascomatal neck D Detail of hyphal neck F Ascospores H Ascospore germinating. Melanospora zamiae (NBRC 7902) C Ascomatal neck E Detail of ascomatal wall. Melanospora verrucispora (NBRC 31375^T) G Ascospores I Phialidic asexual morph. Scale bars: 50 μm (A); 10 μm (B–E, I); 5 μm (F–H).

Morphological features of the genus Microthecium. Microthecium levitum (FMR 10098). A Non-ostiolate ascoma E Asci G Ascospores K Ascospore (SEM). Microthecium fayodii (FMR 12363). B Ostiolate ascomata F Ascospores O Variable shaped bulbils. Microthecium fimicola (FMR 5483). C Detail of cellular neck M Ascospores (SEM) P Bulbil. Microthecium quadrangulatum (CBS 112763^T). D Crown of setae around the ostiole L Ascospore SEM. Microthecium retisporum (NBRC 8366). H Ascospores N Asexual morph. Microthecium japonicum (FMR 12371) I Ascospores J Ascospore SEM. Microthecium sepedonioides (FMR 11933) Q Bulbil. Scale bars: 50 μm (A, B, O); 20 μm (C, D); 10 μm (E–I, P, Q); 5 μm (J, L–N); 2.5 μm (K).