Corresponding author: Jerry Cooper (
Academic editor: S. Redhead
We describe three new species,
The new species we describe are members of the family
For this study we analysed ITS1–5.8–ITS2 data for related New Zealand collections together with representative sequences from Genbank, many from the studies cited above. The structure of our ITS tree is consistent with these previous analyses, and once again identifies a /micromphale clade closely linked to core
Spore dimensions are stated as the mean ± 1.5 SD of 20 measurements, thus covering 86% of measurements under an assumed normal distribution model. Fresh or dried material was examined mounted in 10% KOH or Melzer’s reagent. Material was hand-sectioned. Some micrographs were obtained under DIC conditions. Measurements were always taken without DIC optics and an extended objective iris in order to maximise boundary contrast.
DNA extraction and sequencing followed the protocols outlined in
ITS Sequences used in the analysis. New sequences generated for this analysis are in bold.<br/>
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TENN50049 |
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New Zealand | |
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TENN58672 |
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Greenland | |
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TENN55834 |
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Scotland | |
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TENN57012 |
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Germany | |
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TENN59738 |
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USA | |
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New Zealand |
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New Zealand |
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New Zealand |
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New Zealand |
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New Zealand |
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New Zealand |
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New Zealand |
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New Zealand |
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New Zealand |
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New Zealand |
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New Zealand |
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New Zealand |
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New Zealand |
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TENN57012 |
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USA | |
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TENN58087 |
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Costa Rica | |
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TENN59141 |
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Costa Rica | |
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TENN59457 |
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USA | |
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TFB10718 |
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Greenland | |
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FB11434 |
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USA | |
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TENN59217 |
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France | |
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New Zealand |
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New Zealand |
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New Zealand |
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New Zealand |
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New Zealand |
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New Zealand |
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New Zealand |
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New Zealand |
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New Zealand |
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New Zealand |
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TENN56658 |
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Costa Rica | |
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Duke RV94154 |
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USA | |
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TENN59532 |
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USA | |
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TENN50620 |
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Switzerland | |
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TENN56321 |
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USA | |
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AWW115 |
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Java/Bali | |
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TENN59540 |
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USA | |
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JB14 |
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Sweden | |
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TENN50482 |
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UK | |
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TENN50704 |
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USA | |
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TENN59293 |
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Austria |
Our analysis places the New Zealand taxa in a monophyletic clade close to
Maximum likelihood cladogram of selected ITS sequences, with bootstrap proportion. Red bar =
Pileus 5–20 mm, generally broadly convex to applanate, but sometimes campanulate when young, brick to purplish chestnut, minutely felty, radially furrowed and striate towards the margin, margin slightly fimbriate. Lamellae cream, creamy yellow to vinaceous buff, waxy, adnate. Lamellae present, in series of three: intercalated short/long/short. Stipe central, cartilaginous, 10–20 × 1–2 mm, equal, brown vinaceous, sometimes paler towards apex or base, always entirely finely pruinose. Stipe base insititious and always associated with a thin waxy to chalky cream layer of partially gelatinised hyphae covering the substrate. This layer is often extensive, with a distinct margin, and often green with algal cells. Fruitbodies with garlic/rotten cabbage smell, especially when crushed.
Pileipellis a partially gelatinised radially arranged clamped cutis of smooth hyphae to 5 µm diameter, with brown extra-cellular encrustation. Epidermal layer to 140 µm. Subepidermis of thick glassy–walled non-gelatinised smooth hyaline hyphae, weakly dextrinoid. Basidia clavate to 40 × 8 µm. Sterigmata to 7 µm, 4–spored. Basidioles cylindrical, tapering towards apex, 40 × 4 µm. Spores hyaline, lacrymoid, 7.9 ± 1 × 4.5 ± 0.6 µm, Q = 1.8 ± 0.1 including apiculus. Cheilocystidia and pleurocystidia not observed. Stipitipellis a cutis of brown parallel hyphae, to 5 µm wide. Caulocystidia smooth, hyaline, agglutinated into fascicles.
Colonies of a few to hundreds of fruitbodies on bark of fallen, dead branches and twigs, especially
Broadly distributed and common in both North and South Islands of New Zealand.
Ceraceicola, indicating association with a basal waxy layer, although this feature is common to the three species described here.
Sequence data indicate variability in the taxon but the morphological details are constant and we choose to recognise a single species. New Zealand records of
New Zealand, North Island:
New Zealand, South Island:
Pileus 3–20 mm in diameter convex, cream to fawn, minutely felty, radially furrowed and striate towards the margin, margin fimbriate. Lamellae cream to creamy yellow, adnate. Lamellae present, in series of two: short/long. Stipe mostly eccentric, cartilaginous, to 3 × 0.5 mm, equal, umber to black, sometimes paler towards base, always entirely smooth. Stipe base insititious and usually associated with a thin waxy to chalky cream layer of partially gelatinised hyphae covering the substrate, usually green with algal cells. Fruitbodies with garlic/rotten cabbage smell, especially when crushed.
Pileipellis a partially gelatinised irregular clamped cutis of hyphae 4 µm diameter, without intra or extracellular pigmentation, terminal layer with gelatinised coralloid elements, to 2 µm wide, and occasional small finger-like trichodermal elements to 20 µm. Epidermal layer to 25 µm. Subepidermis of thick glassy-walled non-gelatinised smooth hyaline hyphae, weakly dextrinoid. Basidia clavate to 50 × 10 µm. Sterigmata to 5 µm, 4–spored. Basidioles to 50 × 6 µm cylindrical and tapered towards apex. Spores hyaline, lacrymoid 9.8 ± 1.2 × 5.1 ± 0.4 µm, Q = 1.9 ± 0.3 including apiculus. Cheilocystidia and pleurocystidia not observed. Stipitipellis a cutis of parallel brown hyphae, to 6 µm wide. Caulocystidia absent.
Forming imbricate colonies of dozens to hundreds of fruitbodies on bark and decorticate wood of dead branches and twigs, especially
Broadly distributed and common in both North and South Islands of New Zealand.
Imbricatus, pertaining to the often tiered and overlapping eccentrically stemmed caps.
New Zealand, North Island:
New Zealand, South Island:
Pileus 3–10 mm diam. convex, rusty tawny to umber, minutely felty, weakly radially furrowed and striate towards the margin. Lamella cream to yellow, waxy. Lamellae present, in series of three: intercalated short/long/short. Stipe central, cartilaginous, to 5 × 0.6 mm, equal, umber to black, paler towards base, smooth to minutely pruinose. Stipe base insititious and always associated with an obvious waxy to chalky cream layer of partially gelatinised hyphae covering the substrate, usually green with algal cells. Fruitbodies with garlic/rotten cabbage smell, especially when crushed.
Pileipellis a partially gelatinised radially arranged clamped cutis of smooth hyphae to 3 µm in diameter, with brown extra-cellular encrustation. Epidermal layer to 80 µm. Subepidermis of thick glassy-walled non-gelatinised smooth hyaline hyphae, to 3 µm in diameter, weakly dextrinoid. Basidia clavate to 40 × 8 µm. Sterigmata to 7 µm, 2–4-spored. Basidioles cylindrical and tapered towards apex 40 × 6 µm. Spores hyaline, lacrymoid 8.3 ± 1 × 4.8 ± 0.3 µm, including apiculus, Q = 1.7 ± 0.2. Cheilocystidia and pleurocystidia not observed. Stipitipellis a cutis of hyaline to pale brown hyphae, to 5 µm wide. Stipe without caulocystidia.
Forming imbricate colonies of dozens to hundreds of fruitbodies on decorticate dead wood.
Currently
Hakaroa, a Maori name for the Bank’s Peninsula region of New Zealand.
Sequence data (
New Zealand, South Island: Holotype
Thanks to Dukchul Park, Landcare Research, for DNA extraction and sequencing, and to Sapphire McMullen-Fisher for material of